Atriplex littoralis (Grassleaf Orache)

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Czech:

Lebeda Pobení

Common Names in Danish:

Strand-Mælde

Common Names in Dutch:

Strandmelde

Common Names in English:

Grassleaf Orache, Grass-Leaved Orache, Narrow-Leaf Atriplex, Narrow-Leaved Atriplex, Shore Orache

Common Names in Finnish:

Merimaltsa

Common Names in French:

Arroche Des Rivages, Arroche Du Littoral

Common Names in German:

Strand-Melde

Common Names in Italian:

Atriplice Litorale

Common Names in Japanese:

Hosoba Hama Akaza

Common Names in Norwegian:

Strandmelde

Common Names in Romanian:

Căpriţă

Common Names in Swedish:

Strandmålla

Description

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Family Amaranthaceae

Herbs, clambering subshrubs , shrubs , or lianas. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire, exstipulate . Flowers small, bisexual or unisexual , or sterile and reduced, subtended by 1 membranous bract and 2 bracteoles, solitary or aggregated in cymes. Inflorescences elongated or condensed spikes (heads ), racemes , or thyrsoid structures of varying complexity. Bracteoles membranous or scarious . Tepals 3-5, membranous, scarious or subleathery, 1-, 3-, 5-, or 7(-23) -veined. Stamens as many as tepals and opposite these, rarely fewer than tepals; filaments free , united into a cup at base or ± entirely into a tube , filament lobes present or absent, pseudostaminodes present or absent; anthers (1- or) 2-loculed, dorsifixed , introrsely dehiscent . Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovules 1 to many; style persistent , short and indistinct or long and slender; stigma capitate, penicillate , 2-lobed or forming 2 filiform branches. Fruit a dry utricle or a fleshy capsule, indehiscent, irregularly bursting, or circumscissile. Seeds lenticular , reniform , subglobose, or shortly cylindric , smooth or verruculose .

About 70 genera and 900 species: worldwide; 15 genera (one introduced ) and 44 species (three endemic, 14 introduced) in China.

Morphology of the androecium, perianth (tepals), and the inflorescence has traditionally been used to circumscribe genera and tribes . Pseudostaminodia are interstaminal appendages with variously shaped apices. Filament appendages are the lateral appendages of filaments (one on each side) . The basic structure of the inflorescence is the cyme (branchlets arising from the bracteole axils, the bracteoles serving as bracts for upper flowers), which can be reduced to one flower with two bracteoles and a bract. Units of dispersal vary considerably (capsules opening with lower part persistent, flower and bracteoles falling together, or cymose partial inflorescences breaking off above bract) and can be characteristic for genera. Several genera possess long trichomes serving dispersal at the base of the tepals.[1]

Genus Atriplex

Herbs or shrubs, annual or perennial , monoecious or dioecious, often with bladderlike hairs that collapse to form silvery or scurfy (mealy ) vesture, less often with elongate trichomes . Leaves persistent or tardily deciduous, alternate, partially opposite, or opposite, sessile or petiolate ; blade entire, serrate, or lobed , with venation either of Kranz-type or normal dicotyledonous type, axillary buds inconspicuous or lacking. Inflorescences axillary or terminal ; flowers borne in axillary clusters or glomerules , or in terminal spikes or spicate panicles. Staminate flowers with 3-5-parted calyx, ebracteate ; stamens 3-5. Pistillate flowers lacking perianth, pistil naked, or in few species with (1-) 3-5-lobed perianth, commonly enclosed within pair of foliaceous bracteoles; stigmas 2. Fruiting bracteoles enlarged in fruit, of various shapes and variously connate or not, thickened, and appendaged; pericarp free , tightly enclosed in the fruiting bracteoles. Seeds flattened, mainly vertical ; radicle inferior, lateral , or superior. x = 9.

Species ca. 250: worldwide, mainly in subarctic , temperate , and subtropical regions.

Many species of Atriplex are halophytic, others occupy soils low in dissolved particulates.

Prior to the 1900s, the genus Suckleya was treated within Atriplex, but its obcompressed fruiting bracteoles are quite unlike anything in Atriplex, and the plants were recognized as a distinct genus.[2]

Physical Description

Species Atriplex littoralis

Herbs, monoecious or sub-dioecious, 2.5-7.5(-10) dm. Stems erect or forming sprawling tangled clumps and mostly green; branches erect-ascending, proximal ones opposite and ascending , sparsely scurfy when young, obtusely angled . Leaves alternate or only proximalmost opposite, all shortly petiolate ; blade green on both surfaces, linear , linear-oblong, linear-lanceolate, or oblong , (10-) 25-80(-120) × 2-8(-12) mm, thin, gradually narrowed, margin mostly entire or some sinuate-dentate with antrorse teeth, apex obtuse to acuminate. Inflorescences of long, dense or interrupted hairy spikes often forming panicle to 20 cm; staminate flowers 4-5-merous. Pistillate bracteoles sessile, triangular to ovate or ovate-rhombic, (3-) 5-7 mm, mostly denticulate , rarely subentire , faces tuberculate almost distinct , green becoming brown or black. Seeds dimorphic : brown, 2-2.8 mm wide, round and ± flattened, or black, 1.5-2 mm wide, round, evenly convex ; radicle inferior. 2n = 18. [source]

Habitat

Sea beaches and other saline habitats , old ports and ballast dumps; mainly below 100 m [3].

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 46 meters (152 feet).[4]

Biome: Coastal.

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Caryophyllidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Caryophyllanae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Caryophyllales () - Perleb, 1826
        Suborder: Chenopodiineae ()
        Family: Amaranthaceae () - Adanson, 1763 ex A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons. - amaranthes, pigweed
        Subfamily: Chenopodioideae ()
        Tribe: Atripliceae ()
        Genus: Atriplex () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Orach, saltbush [ancient Latin name]
        Specific epithet: littoralis - L.
        Botanical name: - Atriplex littoralis L.

Synonyms

A. patula Linnaeus var. littoralis (Linnaeus) A. gray • A. patula littoralis (Linnaeus) H. M. Hall & Clements • Atriplex hastata Linnaeus var. littoralis (Linnaeus) Farwell • Atriplex Hastata Littoralis • Atriplex Littoralis • Atriplex patula L. var. littoralis (L.) A. Gray • Atriplex patula L. littoralis (L.) H. M. Hall & Clem. • Chenopodium littorale (L.) Thunb.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Atriplex

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 147 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

Australian National Herbarium
, Australian National Herbarium
Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
European Environment Agency, EUNIS
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources
Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
NLBIF, Limnodata
National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Botany
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Herbarium of Oskarshamn
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Lund Botanical Museum
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Plants
Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2676165
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-565019
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 3027485
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:163932-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 311088
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 565019
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 163931-1
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ATPAL
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 24408

Footnotes

Bojian Bao, Thomas Borsch & Steven E. Clemants "Amaranthaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 415. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Stanley L. Welsh "Atriplex". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 226, 260, 268, 293,. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Atriplex littoralis". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 332. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Standard Deviation = 201.850 based on 3,501 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Atriplex littoralis

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Amaranthaceae

Genus Atriplex

Physical Description

Species Atriplex littoralis

Habitat

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Atriplex

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes