Atriplex hortensis (Garden Orach)

Overview

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Garden orach. <em>Atriplex hortensis</em>

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Chinese:

Yu Qian Bo Cai

Common Names in Czech:

Lebeda Zahradní

Common Names in Danish:

Have-Mælde, Havemælde

Common Names in Dutch:

Tuinmelde

Common Names in English:

Garden Orach, Garden Arrach, Garden Orache, Mountain Spinach, Mountain-Spinach, Orach, Orache, Red Orach, Sea Purslane

Common Names in Finnish:

Tarhamaltsa

Common Names in French:

Arroche épinard, Arroche Des Jardins, Epinard Géant

Common Names in German:

Garten-Melde, Gartenmelde, Spanischer Spinat

Common Names in Italian:

Atriplice, Atriplice Degli Orti, Bietolone Rosso

Common Names in Japanese:

Akaza, oraachu

Common Names in Portuguese:

Armolas

Common Names in Russian:

Lebeda Sadovaja, лебеда садовая

Common Names in Spanish:

Armuelle, Armuelle Mole, Bledos Moles

Common Names in Swedish:

Trädgårdsmålla

Description

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Family Amaranthaceae

Herbs, clambering subshrubs , shrubs , or lianas. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire, exstipulate . Flowers small, bisexual or unisexual , or sterile and reduced, subtended by 1 membranous bract and 2 bracteoles, solitary or aggregated in cymes. Inflorescences elongated or condensed spikes (heads ), racemes , or thyrsoid structures of varying complexity. Bracteoles membranous or scarious . Tepals 3-5, membranous, scarious or subleathery, 1-, 3-, 5-, or 7(-23) -veined. Stamens as many as tepals and opposite these, rarely fewer than tepals; filaments free , united into a cup at base or ± entirely into a tube , filament lobes present or absent, pseudostaminodes present or absent; anthers (1- or) 2-loculed, dorsifixed , introrsely dehiscent . Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovules 1 to many; style persistent , short and indistinct or long and slender; stigma capitate, penicillate , 2-lobed or forming 2 filiform branches. Fruit a dry utricle or a fleshy capsule, indehiscent, irregularly bursting, or circumscissile. Seeds lenticular , reniform , subglobose, or shortly cylindric , smooth or verruculose .

About 70 genera and 900 species: worldwide; 15 genera (one introduced ) and 44 species (three endemic, 14 introduced) in China.

Morphology of the androecium, perianth (tepals), and the inflorescence has traditionally been used to circumscribe genera and tribes . Pseudostaminodia are interstaminal appendages with variously shaped apices. Filament appendages are the lateral appendages of filaments (one on each side) . The basic structure of the inflorescence is the cyme (branchlets arising from the bracteole axils, the bracteoles serving as bracts for upper flowers), which can be reduced to one flower with two bracteoles and a bract. Units of dispersal vary considerably (capsules opening with lower part persistent, flower and bracteoles falling together, or cymose partial inflorescences breaking off above bract) and can be characteristic for genera. Several genera possess long trichomes serving dispersal at the base of the tepals.[1]

Genus Atriplex

Herbs or shrubs, annual or perennial , monoecious or dioecious, often with bladderlike hairs that collapse to form silvery or scurfy (mealy ) vesture, less often with elongate trichomes . Leaves persistent or tardily deciduous, alternate, partially opposite, or opposite, sessile or petiolate ; blade entire, serrate, or lobed , with venation either of Kranz-type or normal dicotyledonous type, axillary buds inconspicuous or lacking. Inflorescences axillary or terminal ; flowers borne in axillary clusters or glomerules , or in terminal spikes or spicate panicles. Staminate flowers with 3-5-parted calyx, ebracteate ; stamens 3-5. Pistillate flowers lacking perianth, pistil naked, or in few species with (1-) 3-5-lobed perianth, commonly enclosed within pair of foliaceous bracteoles; stigmas 2. Fruiting bracteoles enlarged in fruit, of various shapes and variously connate or not, thickened, and appendaged; pericarp free , tightly enclosed in the fruiting bracteoles. Seeds flattened, mainly vertical ; radicle inferior, lateral , or superior. x = 9.

Species ca. 250: worldwide, mainly in subarctic , temperate , and subtropical regions.

Many species of Atriplex are halophytic, others occupy soils low in dissolved particulates.

Prior to the 1900s, the genus Suckleya was treated within Atriplex, but its obcompressed fruiting bracteoles are quite unlike anything in Atriplex, and the plants were recognized as a distinct genus.[2]

Physical Description

Species Atriplex hortensis

Herbs, green to yellowish or reddish, 5-15(-25) dm, glabrous . Stems erect , mostly branched. Leaves mostly opposite or mostly alternate; petiole 0.3-4+ cm; blade green on both sides, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to cordate-hastate at base , 15-180 × 8-135 mm, margin entire or more rarely irregularly toothed or lobed , apex attenuate to acuminate or rounded . Inflorescences of spikes disposed in leafless panicles. Staminate flowers 5-merous. Pistillate flowers dimorphic , some ebracteolate and with 5-parted perianth, others without perianth enclosed by a pair of sessile or very shortly stipitate bracteoles. Fruiting bracteoles samaralike, orbicular to oval or ovate, compressed , 5-18 mm, united only at base, entire, faces smooth . Seeds of ebracteate flowers black, horizontal, convex , 1-2 mm wide, lustrous ; those of bracteolate flowers olivaceous brown, vertical , flat, 3-4.5 mm wide, dull . 2n = 18. [source]

Atriplex hortensis has been widely grown as a potherb, has escaped from cultivation, and is now established especially in moist ruderal sites. It is easily distinguished by its rounded, samaralike, entire, and smooth fruiting bracteoles, and the presence of two kinds of pistillate flowers, the one enclosed by bracteoles and lacking sepals, the other without bracteoles but subtended by sepals. [source]

Atriplex nitens (see list of excluded taxa) is distinguished from A. hortensis in Flora Europea (P. Aellen 1964b) by having leaf blades densely white scurfy beneath , the distal surface lustrous, as opposed to green and dull for A. hortensis. Occasional specimens, treated here as A. hortensis, have leaves somewhat scurfy. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: June. • Flower Color: chartreuseyellow-green, inconspicuous, none, red

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 36-48" tall.

Habitat

Roadsides, canal and stream banks, lake shores , disturbed sites and gardens; 0-2200 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,180 meters (0 to 10,433 feet).[4]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Caryophyllidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Caryophyllanae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Caryophyllales () - Perleb, 1826
        Suborder: Chenopodiineae ()
        Family: Amaranthaceae () - Adanson, 1763 ex A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons. - amaranthes, pigweed
        Subfamily: Chenopodioideae ()
        Tribe: Atripliceae ()
        Genus: Atriplex () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Orach, saltbush [ancient Latin name]
        Specific epithet: hortensis - L.
        Botanical name: - Atriplex hortensis L.

Synonyms

Atriplex Hortensis Var. atrosanguinea Hort. • Atriplex nitens Schkuhr

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Atriplex

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 147 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Notes

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Contributors

"Atriplex hortensis". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 322, 323, 332. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 25 providers.
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
, Vascular Plant Herbarium
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
, IPK Genebank
National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Botany
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Herbarium of Oskarshamn
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Plants
Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3873827
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-20538
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:163864-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 6017
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 20538
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 158677-3
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCHE040V0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ATHOA
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 24395

Footnotes

Bojian Bao, Thomas Borsch & Steven E. Clemants "Amaranthaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 415. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Stanley L. Welsh "Atriplex". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 226, 260, 268, 293,. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Atriplex hortensis". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 322, 323, 332. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 220.750 meters (724.245 feet), Standard Deviation = 374.210 based on 1,337 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Atriplex hortensis

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Amaranthaceae

Genus Atriplex

Physical Description

Species Atriplex hortensis

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Atriplex

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes