Atriplex cristata

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Amaranthaceae

Herbs, clambering subshrubs , shrubs , or lianas. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire, exstipulate . Flowers small, bisexual or unisexual , or sterile and reduced, subtended by 1 membranous bract and 2 bracteoles, solitary or aggregated in cymes. Inflorescences elongated or condensed spikes (heads ), racemes , or thyrsoid structures of varying complexity. Bracteoles membranous or scarious . Tepals 3-5, membranous, scarious or subleathery, 1-, 3-, 5-, or 7(-23) -veined. Stamens as many as tepals and opposite these, rarely fewer than tepals; filaments free , united into a cup at base or ± entirely into a tube , filament lobes present or absent, pseudostaminodes present or absent; anthers (1- or) 2-loculed, dorsifixed , introrsely dehiscent . Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovules 1 to many; style persistent , short and indistinct or long and slender; stigma capitate, penicillate , 2-lobed or forming 2 filiform branches. Fruit a dry utricle or a fleshy capsule, indehiscent, irregularly bursting, or circumscissile. Seeds lenticular , reniform , subglobose, or shortly cylindric , smooth or verruculose .

About 70 genera and 900 species: worldwide; 15 genera (one introduced ) and 44 species (three endemic, 14 introduced) in China.

Morphology of the androecium, perianth (tepals), and the inflorescence has traditionally been used to circumscribe genera and tribes . Pseudostaminodia are interstaminal appendages with variously shaped apices. Filament appendages are the lateral appendages of filaments (one on each side) . The basic structure of the inflorescence is the cyme (branchlets arising from the bracteole axils, the bracteoles serving as bracts for upper flowers), which can be reduced to one flower with two bracteoles and a bract. Units of dispersal vary considerably (capsules opening with lower part persistent, flower and bracteoles falling together, or cymose partial inflorescences breaking off above bract) and can be characteristic for genera. Several genera possess long trichomes serving dispersal at the base of the tepals.[1]

Genus Atriplex

Herbs or shrubs, annual or perennial , monoecious or dioecious, often with bladderlike hairs that collapse to form silvery or scurfy (mealy ) vesture, less often with elongate trichomes . Leaves persistent or tardily deciduous, alternate, partially opposite, or opposite, sessile or petiolate ; blade entire, serrate, or lobed , with venation either of Kranz-type or normal dicotyledonous type, axillary buds inconspicuous or lacking. Inflorescences axillary or terminal ; flowers borne in axillary clusters or glomerules , or in terminal spikes or spicate panicles. Staminate flowers with 3-5-parted calyx, ebracteate ; stamens 3-5. Pistillate flowers lacking perianth, pistil naked, or in few species with (1-) 3-5-lobed perianth, commonly enclosed within pair of foliaceous bracteoles; stigmas 2. Fruiting bracteoles enlarged in fruit, of various shapes and variously connate or not, thickened, and appendaged; pericarp free , tightly enclosed in the fruiting bracteoles. Seeds flattened, mainly vertical ; radicle inferior, lateral , or superior. x = 9.

Species ca. 250: worldwide, mainly in subarctic , temperate , and subtropical regions.

Many species of Atriplex are halophytic, others occupy soils low in dissolved particulates.

Prior to the 1900s, the genus Suckleya was treated within Atriplex, but its obcompressed fruiting bracteoles are quite unlike anything in Atriplex, and the plants were recognized as a distinct genus.[2]

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 19 meters (64 feet).[3]

Biome: Coastal.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Atriplex arenaria Nutt. • Atriplex littoralis (Jacq.) Fawcett & Rendle • Atriplex patula var. littoralis (L.) Gray • Atriplex pentandra (Jacq.) Standl. • Obione Cristata

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Atriplex

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 147 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. acadiensis (Maritime Saltbush) · A. acanthocarpa (Armed Saltbush) · A. acanthocarpa acanthocarpa (Parish's Glasswort) · A. acanthocarpa subsp. coahuilensis (Tuburcled Saltbush) · A. alaskensis (Alaska Orache) · A. alba (Lambsquarters Goosefoot) · A. ambrosioides (West Indian Goosefoot) · A. aptera (Moundscale) · A. argentea argentea (Sack Saltbush) · A. argentea argentea var. argentea (Silverscale Saltbush) · A. argentea expansa (Silverscale) · A. argentea longitrichoma (Silverscale) · A. argentea typica (Silverscale) · A. argentea var. argentea (Silverscale Saltbush) · A. argentea var. caput-medusae (Stalked Saltbush) · A. argentea var. hillmanii (Hillman's Silverscale Saltbush) · A. argentea subsp. expansa (Silverscale Saltbush) · A. aristata (Sea Foam Flower) · A. asterocarpa (Chinle Saltbush) · A. barclayana (Barclay's Saltbush) · A. bonnevillensis (Bonneville Saltbush) · A. botrys (Jerusalem Oak Goosefoot) · A. californica (California Saltbush) · A. calotheca (Halberdleaf Orach) · A. canescens (Four-Wing Saltbush) · A. canescens var. angustifolia (Fourwing Saltbush) · A. canescens var. canescens (Fourwing Saltbush) · A. canescens var. gigantea (Fourwing Saltbush) · A. canescens var. laciniata (Fourwing Saltbush) · A. canescens var. linearis (Fourwing Saltbush) · A. canescens var. macilenta (Fourwing Saltbush) · A. confertifolia (Shad-Scale Saltbush) · A. cordulata (Heart-Leaf Saltbush) · A. coronata (Crown Saltbush) · A. coronata notatior var. notatior (San Jacinto Valley Crownscale) · A. coronata var. coronata (Crownscale) · A. coronata var. notatior (San Jacinto Valley Crownscale) · A. corrugata (Mat Saltbush) · A. coulteri (Coulter's Saltbush) · A. cristata (Crested Saltbush) · A. cuneata (Castlevalley Saltbush) · A. cuneata cuneata (Castlevalley Saltbush) · A. cuneata introgressa (Castlevalley Saltbush) · A. cuneata subsp. introgressa (Castlevalley Saltbush) · A. depressa (Bittlescale) · A. drymarioides (Seashore Saltbush) · A. eardleyae (Small Saltbush) · A. elegans (Wheel-Scale Saltbush) · A. elegans var. elegans (Wheelscale) · A. elegans var. fasciculata (Wheelscale) · A. elegans var. thornberi (Wheelscale) · A. endolepis (Endolepis) · A. erecticaulis (Erectstem Saltbush) · A. expansa expansa (Silverscale Saltbush) · A. falcata (Sickle Saltbush) · A. franktonii (Frankton's Saltbush) · A. fruticulosa (Ball Saltbush) · A. gardneri (Gardner's Saltbush) · A. garrettii (Garrett Saltbush) · A. glabriuscula (Northeastern Saltbush) · A. gmelinii (Gmelin's Saltbush) · A. graciliflora (Slender-Flower Saltbush) · A. griffithsii (Griffith's Saltbush) · A. halimus (Mediterranean Saltbush) · A. hillmanii (Hillman's Silverscale Saltbush) · A. holocarpa (Pop Saltbush) · A. hortensis (Garden Orach) · A. hortensis var. rubra (Mountain Spinach) · A. hortensis 'Burgundy' (Mountain Spinach) · A. hortensis 'Crimson Plume' (Mountain Spinach) · A. hortensis 'Golden' (Mountain Spinach) · A. hortensis 'Oracle' (Mountain Spinach) · A. hymenelytra (Desert Holly) · A. joaquiniana (San Joaquin Saltbush) · A. johnstonii (Johnson's Saltbush) · A. klebergorum (Kleberg's Saltbush) · A. laciniata (Cut-Leaf Saltbush) · A. lampa (South American Saltbush) · A. lentiformis (Big Saltbush) · A. lentiformis breweri (Big Saltbush) · A. lentiformis lentiformis (Big Saltbush) · A. lentiformis subsp. breweri (Quailbush) · A. leucophylla (Beach Saltbush) · A. lindleyi (Lindley's Saltbush) · A. littoralis (Grassleaf Orache) · A. longipes (Long-Stalked Orache) · A. matamorensis (Matamoros Saltbush) · A. maximowicziana (Maximowicz's Saltbush) · A. micrantha (Two-Scale Orache) · A. minuscula (Lesser Saltbush) · A. minuticarpa (Tununk Saltbush) · A. muelleri (Mueller's Saltbush) · A. multifida (Cutleaf Goosefoot) · A. muralis (Nettle-Leaved Goosefoot) · A. navajoensis (Navajo Saltbush) · A. neomexicana (New Mexico Saltbush) · A. nitens (Hoary Orache) · A. nudicaulis (Baltic Saltbush) · A. nummularia (Bluegreen Saltbush) · A. nuttallii (Nuttall's Saltbush)

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Further Reading

• A naturalist in the Bahamas, John I. Northrop, October 12, 1861-June 25, 1891; a memorial volume / edited with a biographical introd. New YorkColumbia University Press1910 url p. 151.
• A naturalist in the Bahamas: John I. Northrop, October 12 1861 - June 25, 1891; a memorial volume, ed., with a biographical introduction by Henry Fairfield Osborn. New York, The Columbia university press[c1910] url p. 151.
• A naturalist in the Bahamas: New York, Columbia University Press[c1910] url .
• Annual report Missouri Botanical Garden. 4 1892 St. Louis: Board of Trustees, 1890-1912. url p. 169.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i København. København: G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1866-1981. url p. 57.
• Botany of the Bermudas / by H.B. Small. Hamilton, Bermuda: S. Nelmes, 1913. url p. 53.
• Botany of the Bermudas, Hamilton, BermudaS. Nelmes, 1913. url .
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 21 1916 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 54.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 101, p. 134.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 44 1917 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 423, p. 77, p. 92.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 125, p. 127, p. 129.
• Contribution [I]-III to the coastal and plain flora of Yucatan, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 1 1895 Chicago, 1895-1898. url p. 15, p. 359, p. vi.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 8 1903-1905 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 87.
• Contributions to North American Euphorbiaceae--VI. II. Vegetation of Alacran Reef. By Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 2 1916 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1916. url p. 424, p. 425, p. 429.
• Contributions to the natural history of the Bermudas. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1884. url p. 101, p. 134, p. 41.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 43.
• Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. 3 1930 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 258.
• Flora of the Florida Keys: being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia Key to Dry Tortugas / by John Kunkel Small. New York, J.K. Small, 1913. url p. 43.
• Flora of the island of St. Croix. By Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 1 1902 Chicago, 1902. url p. 485.
• Flora of the islands of Margarita and Coche, Venezuela / by John Robert Johnston. Boston: Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 1909. url p. 205, p. 291.
• Flora of the sand keys of Florida, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 2 1907 Chicago, Ill.:Field Columbian Museum, 1907. url p. 195, p. 199, p. 201, p. 211, p. 221, p. 229.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 1333, p. 386, p. 387, p. 387.
• Forest conditions of Mississippi. [Jackson, Miss.]: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1913. url p. 165.
• Hand-book of Indian flora; being a guide to all the flowering plants hitherto described as indigenous to the continent of India. [Madras?]Trabancore Sircar Press, 1864-69. url .
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 43.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 4 1895 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 250, p. 34, p. 79.
• Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1908-42. url p. 125, p. 127, p. 129.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 23.
• Plantae Utowanae. Plants collected in Bermuda, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Culebras, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, The Caymans, Cozumel, Yucatan and the Alacran shoals. Dec. 1898-Mar. 1899. The Antillean cruise of the yach 2 1900 Chicago, 1900. url p. 34.
• Plants of Mississippi: a list of flowering plants and ferns / by E.N. Lowe. [Jackson, Miss.]: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1921. url p. 138, p. 55.
• Plants of the Bahamas, Jamaica and Grand Cayman, by A.S. Hitchcock. .. Issued March 9, 1893. St. Louis, 1893 url p. 122.
• Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. url p. 10, p. 48, p. 60.
• Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 386.
• The Bahama Islands / edited by George Burbank Shattuck. New York: Macmillan, 1905. url , p. 253, p. 253, p. 605.
• The Bahama Islands, London, The Macmillan company, 1905. url p. 253, p. 604.
• The Bahama flora, New York, The Authors, 1920. url .
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, The authors, 1920. url p. 120, p. 120, p. 120, p. 120.
• The Bermuda islands: an account of their scenery, climate, productions, physiography, natural history and geology, with sketches of their discovery and early history, and the changes in their flora and fauna due to man; with 38 plates and over 250 cuts in the text / by Addison E. Verrill. New Haven, Conn.: The author, 1902. url p. 503.
• The Florida buggist: official organ of the Florida Entomological Society. [Gainesville, Fla.]: The Society, [1917-1920] url p. 27.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 27 1891 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 498, p. 540.
• The Nyctaginaceae and Chenopodiaceae of northwestern South America, by Paul C. Standley. 11 1931 Chicago, 1931. url p. 125.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 7, p. 7.
• The flora of the American Virgin Islands / N.L. Britton. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1918. url p. 43.
• The flora of the Dutch West Indian islands. .. by I. Boldingh. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1909-14. url p. 181, p. 23.
• The vegetation of south Florida south of 27 30 north, exclusive of the Florida keys, by John W. Harshberger. Philadelphia, Wagner Free Institute of Science, 1914. url p. 67.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url p. 457, p. 457, p. 457.
• Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Haven: Published by the Academy, 1866- url p. 585, p. 585, p. 585, p. 915, p. 915, p. 915.
• Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia. 7 1910 Philadelphia: Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, 1887-1927. url p. 67.
• Kuan Ke-chien. 1979. Amaranthaceae. In: Kung Hsien-wu & Tsien Cho-po, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(2): 194241.
• Bassett, I. J., C. W. Crompton, J. McNeill, and P. M. Taschereau. 1983. The Genus Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) in Canada. Ottawa. [Agricu. Canada Monogr. 31.]
• Brown, G. D. 1956. Taxonomy of American Atriplex. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 55: 199-210.
• Hall, H. M. and F. E. Clements. 1923. The phylogenetic method in taxonomy: The North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, and Atriplex. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 326.
• Hanson, C. A. 1962. Perennial Atriplex of Utah and the Northern Deserts. M.S. thesis. Brigham Young University.
• McNeill, J., I. J. Bassett, C. W. Crompton, and P. M. Taschereau. 1983. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Atriplex L. (Chenopodiaceae). Taxon 32: 549-556.
• Taschereau, P. M. 1972. Taxonomy and distribution of Atriplex species in Nova Scotia. Canad. J. Bot. 50: 1571-1594.
• Turesson, G. 1925. Studies in the genus Atriplex. Acta Univ. Lund, n. s. 21: 1-15.
• Welsh, S. L. 1995. Names and types of perennial Atriplex Linnaeus (Chenopodiaceae) in North America selectively exclusive of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist 55: 322-334.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 17, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2676163
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-565017
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13735524
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:163744-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 6006
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 565017
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 163744-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCHE041G0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ATPE
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 24124

Footnotes

1. Bojian Bao, Thomas Borsch & Steven E. Clemants "Amaranthaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 415. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Stanley L. Welsh "Atriplex". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 226, 260, 268, 293,. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Standard Deviation = 163.650 based on 96 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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