Aruncus dioicus

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Actaea dioica Walter
2. Aruncus asiaticus Pojark.
3. Aruncus sylvester Kostel.
4. Aruncus sylvestris Kostel. ex Maxim.
5. Aruncus vulgaris Raf.
6. Spiraea paniculata St.-Lag.

Notes:

Publishing author: Koidz. Publication: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1936, v. 41

Basionym author: (Koidz.)

Publishing author: Tatew. Publication: Veg. Apoi, 89, 129 (1928); Hara in Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 1935, xlix. 115.

Publishing author: Koidz. Publication: Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1936, v. 41

Publishing author: Maxim. Publication: Act. Hort. Petrop. vi. (1879) 171

Publishing author: Rydb. Publication: N. Amer. Fl. 22: 255 1908

Publishing author: Pojark. Publication: Fl. URSS ix. 311, 491 (1939).

A tentatively accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Publishing author: Nakai Publication: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 1912, xxvi. 325

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Publishing author: Miq. Publication: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi iii. 96.

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Publishing author: H.Hara Publication: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 115 1935

Publishing author: Kitag. Publication: Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 361 (1979)

Basionym author: (A.Pojarkova)

Publishing author: Rydb. Publication: in N.Am. Fl. xxii. 256 (1908).

Publishing author: Rydb. Publication: N. Amer. Fl. 22: 256 1908

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –

Place of publication: Rhodora 41:423. 1939

Name verified on 23-Aug-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 15-Aug-2006

Physical Description

Family Rosaceae:

Trees, shrubs, or herbs, deciduous or evergreen. Stems erect, scandent, arching, prostrate, or creeping, armed or unarmed. Buds usually with several exposed scales, sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound; stipules paired, free or adnate to petiole, rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin, rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate, corymbose, racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate. Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed. Stamens usually numerous, rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate; anthers small, didymous, rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous, superposed. Styles as many as carpels, terminal, lateral, or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged, usually exalbuminous, very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan, mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions. The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry. Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals.

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. ^[1]

Genus Aruncus:

Herbs perennial, sometimes woody at base, monoecious. Rhizome robust. Stems erect, angled. Leaves exstipulate, 1 3-pinnate, rarely 3-foliolate; leaflets sharply doubly serrate. Inflorescence a large, spikelike, many-flowered panicle; peduncle and pedicels pubescent and sparsely stellate hairy; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Flowers sessile or subsessile, unisexual, rarely bisexual. Hypanthium cupular, with ringlike disc on rim. Sepals (4 or) 5(or 6), persistent in fruit, triangular, abaxially glabrous or nearly so, margin entire, apex acute. Petals 5, white, obovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Male flowers: stamens 15 30, borne on rim of hypanthium; filaments slender, longer than petals; carpels obsolescent. Female flowers: filaments short; anthers sterile; carpels 3 or 4( 8) . Follicles glabrous, pendulous in fruit, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds 2.

Three to six poorly defined species: N temperate zone; two species (one endemic) in China.^[2]

Habit: Spreading perennial wildflower.

Flowers: Spectacular large, plume-like panicles of small, creamy ivory white flowers in summer. • Bloom Period: April, May, June. • Flower Color: near white, white

Foliage: Summer foliage: Light green, durable, deeply divided foliage.

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Pennsylvania to Georgia, Alabama to Kentucky, United States of America (Northern America) Iowa to Oklahoma & West Virginia, United States of America (Northern America)

Native: Alabama, Arkansas, British Columbia, Gansu, Georgia, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Henan, Honshu, Hunan, Illinois, Indiana, Jiangxi, Jilin, Kamchatka, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kurile Islands, Kyushu, Liaoning, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Primorye, Shaanxi, Sichuan, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Xizang.

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Useful in the back of the border or in a woodland setting. Good cut/dried. Bog gardens. • Care: Deer resistant. Pest-free.

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart. Propagate by division.

Soil: Soil: Organic, moist, well-drained. • Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Part shade to shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Aruncus:

There are approximately 71 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: A. dioicus dioicus · A. dioicus vulgaris · A. sylvester acuminatus · A. 'Horatio' · A. 'Johannifest' · A. 'Noble Spirit' · A. 'Perlehuhn' · A. 'Woldemar Meier' · A. aethusifolius 'Hillside Gem' (Dwarf Goats Beard) · A. aethusifolius 'Little Gem' · A. aethusifolius 'Noble Spirit' · A. aethusifolius 'Noble Spirits' (Dwarf Goats Beard) · A. allegheniensis var. dioicus · A. americanus · A. A. · A. barbacaprae · A. barbaecapri · A. capribarba · A. chinensis · A. dioicus (Bride's Feathers) · A. dioicus 'Aurea' · A. dioicus 'Glasnevin' · A. dioicus 'Kneiffi' (Kneiffi Goat's Beard) · A. dioicus 'Kneiffii' (Goats Beard) · A. dioicus 'Ribby' · A. dioicus 'Zweiweltenkind' (Goats Beard) · A. dioicus Child of Two Worlds · A. dioicus dioicus var. dioicus · A. dioicus f. laciniatus · A. dioicus f. latilobus · A. dioicus f. tomentosus · A. dioicus forma laciniatus · A. dioicus forma latilobus · A. dioicus subrotundus · A. dioicus subsp. triternatus · A. dioicus triternatus · A. dioicus var. acuminatus (Bride's Feathers) · A. dioicus var. aethusifolius · A. dioicus var. astilboides · A. dioicus var. camschaticus · A. dioicus var. insularis · A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus (Goats Beard) · A. dioicus var. pubescens · A. dioicus var. tenuifolius 'Hissa' · A. dioicus var. triternatus · A. dioicus var. vulgaris (Bride's Feathers) · A. gombalanus · A. kamchaticus · A. kamtschaticus · A. laciniatus · A. parvulus · A. plumosus · A. silvester · A. silvestris · A. sinensis · A. sylvester · A. sylvester acuminatus var. acuminatus · A. sylvester f. incisus · A. sylvester subsp. acuminatus · A. sylvester var. acuminatus · A. sylvester var. americanus · A. sylvester var. kamchatica · A. sylvester var. kamtschaticus · A. sylvester var. laciniatus · A. sylvester var. tenuifolius · A. sylvester var. tomentosus · A. sylvester var. triternatus · A. sylvester var. vulgaris · A. sylvestris · A. vulgaris · A. vulgaris var. kamtschaticus

Members of the genus Lymnaea:

There are approximately 501 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: L. abrussa · L. abyssinicus · L. acella · L. acella haldemani · L. acicula · L. acuminata · L. acuta · L. adelinae · L. affinis · L. alternata · L. ambigua · L. ampla · L. ampla distorta · L. amygdala · L. amygdalium · L. amygdalum · L. angulata · L. aparva · L. apicina · L. apicina solida · L. appressa · L. apressa · L. arctica · L. argentina · L. artica · L. atkaensis (Frigid Lymnaea) · L. atkensis · L. attemuata · L. attenuata · L. aulacospira (Spiny Searobin) · L. auricilaria · L. auriciliaria · L. auricula · L. auricularia · L. auricularia rubiginosa · L. auricularis · L. avata · L. azabatchens · L. b cockerelli · L. balthica · L. binneyi · L. blaisei · L. blaisoil · L. blauneri · L. bogotensis · L. bonvillensis · L. brasiliensis · L. brownii · L. bulimoides · L. bulimoides cochirelli · L. bulimoides cockerelli · L. bulimoides techella · L. bulla · L. bumeyi · L. burnetti · L. butta · L. c chirazensis · L. caferata · L. caillardi · L. caillaudi · L. cailliandi · L. calascopium · L. canadensis · L. canceata · L. caparata · L. caperata · L. caperota · L. capuloides · L. casta · L. catascopia · L. catascopian · L. catascopiana · L. catascopium · L. catascopium niagarensis · L. catascopium pseudopinquis · L. catascopum · L. catasopium · L. catescopium · L. catescopium pseudopinguis · L. catiscopium · L. catoscopium · L. cerasum · L. chalybaea · L. chalybea · L. chlamys · L. clodes · L. cockerelli · L. columbella · L. columella casta · L. columella chalybea · L. columellaris · L. columnella · L. compacta · L. compaxta · L. contracosta · L. contracta · L. cooperi · L. coperata · L. cornea · L. corona

Bibliography

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 24, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 16, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25130
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13689706
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:142196-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDROS07010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ARDI8
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 23030

Footnotes:

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. Ku Tsue-chih, Crinan Alexander "Aruncus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 74. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.