Arrhenatherum elatius

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Arrhenatherum

Perennial . Culms tall, basal internodes often swollen into globose corms. Leaf blades linear , flat. Inflorescence a moderately dense panicle. Spikelets weakly laterally compressed , florets 2, dimorphic , sometimes with an additional rudiment , lower floret staminate and strongly awned , upper floret bisexual and weakly awned or awnless; rachilla disarticulating above glumes but not between florets, extended beyond terminal floret; glumes unequal, thin, lower glume 1/2 spikelet length or more, 1-veined, upper glume as long as spikelet, 3-veined; lemmas firmly membranous to subleathery, rounded on back, 5-9-veined, apex 2-denticulate; lower lemma awned from near base , awn geniculate with twisted column, exserted from spikelet; upper lemma with a short straight awn or awnless; palea slightly shorter than lemma, keels ciliate . Ovary apex hairy ; hilum linear.

Seven species: SW Asia, Europe, Mediterranean region; one species (introduced ) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,180 meters (0 to 10,433 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring • Fruit/Seed Period End: Summer • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes

Growth

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: Low • CaCO3 Tolerance: High • Minimum pH: 5.3 • Maximum pH: 7.3 • Fertility Requirement: Low

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade. • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 32 • Maximum Precipitation: 45 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -43 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 145

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Arrhenatherum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. elatius (False Oat Grass) · A. elatius bulbosum var. bulbosum (Tall Oatgrass) · A. elatius bulbosum 'Variegatum' (Bulbous Oat Grass) · A. elatius var. bulbosum (Tuber Oatgrass) · A. elatius var. elatius (Tall Oatgrass)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• Spicilegium florae Maroccanae / by John Ball. London: Printed by Taylor and Francis, 1878. url p. 745.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 188, p. 297.
• Strasburger's Text-book of botany. Rewritten by Dr. Hans Fitting. .. Dr. Ludwig Jost. .. Dr. Heinrich Schenck. .. Dr. George Karsten. London, Macmillan, 1921. url p. 734.
• Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (TL2) Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, 1976-1988. url p. 240, p. 445.
• The Annals of Scottish natural history. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1892-1911. url p. 228.
• The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification, Cambridge, University Press, 1913. url , , , , , , .
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• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url , p. 210, p. 258, p. 371, p. 66, p. 8, p. 96.
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• The Fungi which cause plant disease, by F. L. Stevens. .. New York, The Macmillan Company, 1913. url , p. 180.
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• The Gramineae, Cyperaceae and Juncaceae of Montreal Island by Harold B. Cushing and Robert Campbell. S.l.: s.n., 1899? url .
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Notes

Contributors

• "Arrhenatherum elatius". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 322. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 43 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant Characteristics Database. Accessed April 17, 2006.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
• Berkeley Natural History Museums: University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen: Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bioversity International: EURISCO
• Bioversity International: EURISCO, The European Genetic Resources Search Catalogue
• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem: GEO Biodiversity Day
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland: Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Burke Museum: Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien: Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.
• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw: Flora of Slowinski National Park, Poland
• Finnish Museum of Natural History: Hatikka Observation Data Gateway
• GBIF New Zealand: New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank
• GBIF-Spain: Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain: Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain: Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium (FBonafè)
• GBIF-Spain: Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
• GBIF-Spain: Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain: Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA)
• GBIF-Spain: Univ. Herbarium SALAMANCA: SALA
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Almería, HUAL
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• GBIF-Sweden: Botany (UPS)
• GBIF-Sweden: Herbarium of Oskarshamn (OHN)
• GBIF-Sweden: Lund Botanical Museum (LD)
• GBIF-Sweden: Plants (GBIF-SE:Artdatabanken)
• Herbarium Hamburgense: Impetus - Herbarium Hamburgense
• Icelandic Institute of Natural History: Herbarium (AMNH)
• Icelandic Institute of Natural History: Herbarium (ICEL)
• IHAR: National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Poland
• inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn
• Institute of Nature Conservation PAS: National System of Proetcted Areas
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences: Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Karl Franzens University of Graz, Insitute for Botany - Herbarium GZU: Herbarium GZU
• Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK): IPK Genebank
• Missouri Botanical Garden
• Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University: Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Flora of the Stołowe Mts.
• National Herbarium of New South Wales: NSW herbarium collection
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo: Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo (O)
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo: Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo (O)
• Natural History Museum, Vienna - Herbarium W: Herbarium W
• NLBIF: Limnodata
• Oregon State University: Vascular Plant Collection
• Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO: Herbarium GJO
• SysTax
• SysTax: Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax: Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility: Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular plant data for Scottish Vice-counties (VCs 80, 84, 103 & 104)
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• UK National Biodiversity Network: East Ayrshire Countryside Ranger Service - East Ayrshire Species Database
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Lothian Wildlife Information Centre - Lothian Wildlife Information Centre Secret Garden Survey
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
• University Museums of Norway (MUSIT)
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics: Herbarium (UNA)
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium (ALA)
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
• US National Plant Germplasm System: United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3875295
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41443
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4395043
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:881488-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 103453
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41443
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA0L010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AREL3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20878

Footnotes

1. Zhen-lan Wu & Sylvia M. Phillips "Arrhenatherum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 6, 316, 322. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 168.950 meters (554.298 feet), Standard Deviation = 217.710 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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