Overview
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Critically Endangered |
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Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Bay County Indian-Plantain
Description
Family Compositae
The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.
Tribe Senecioneae
The Senecioneae are a tribe of closely related genera that can be recognized most readily by the nature of the pappus and the involucral bracts or phyllaries. The phyllaries are basically in one well developed, often partially or wholly connate series of equal length that closely envelope the head . Frequently there are a few, very much smaller and mostly randomly distributed, often necrotic-tipped bracts near the base of the main series. The pappus is of fine, soft, often pure white capillary hairs . Heads may be either discoid or radiate . -- Gerald Carr.
Genus Arnoglossum
Perennials
, 30-300 cm. Stems usually 1, erect
(unbranched proximal
to heads
). Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate
or sessile; blades
palmately nerved, mostly cordate, deltate, elliptic
, hastate, ovate
, or reniform
, sometimes lanceolate or lance-linear
, margins
entire, ± dentate
to denticulate
, sinuate
, or lobed
, faces
usually glabrous
. Heads discoid
, in corymbiform
arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres cylindric
to turbinate
, 2.5-5 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent
, 5 in 1-2 series, erect (spreading
in fruit), distinct
, ovate or oblong
to linear
(midveins
sometimes winged
), ± equal, margins scarious
(hyaline
). Receptacles flat or convex
(usually with central cusp
0.5-2 mm), foveolate, epaleate. Ray florets 0. Disc florets 5, bisexual
, fertile
; corollas usually creamy or greenish white, rarely purplish distally, tubes
longer
than to equaling campanulate
to funnelform
throats
, lobes
5, spreading or recurved, lanceolate; style branches: stigmatic
areas continuous, apices truncate
or truncate-penicillate (appendages
essentially 0). Cypselae clavate
, cylindric, ellipsoid
, or ± fusiform
, (4-) 10-15-ribbed or -nerved, glabrous (resinous
) ; pappi persistent, fragile, or readily falling, of 100-120+, white, smooth
or barbellate
bristles
. x = 28.
Species 8: e North America.
The name
Cacalia Linnaeus has been misapplied to Arnoglossum.[1]
Physical Description
Species Arnoglossum album
Plants 80-100+ cm. Stems strongly ridged . Basal leaves: (petioles 12-18+ cm) blades (lateral veins appressed to midveins 2-4 cm, then spreading ) broadly ovate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 15-37 cm, margins usually entire, rarely sinuate or serrulate-denticulate. Cauline leaves: proximal petiolate , blades ovate (12-18+ cm, bases cuneate), margins serrate (apices acuminate) ; distal sessile, smaller. Involucres 10-12.5+ mm. Phyllaries (chalky white) ± ovate, midvein wings highest at bases. Corollas white, rarely tinged with pink, 9-10.5 mm. Cypselae cylindric to narrowly clavate , 4.2-5 mm; pappi 6-7 mm. 2n = 50. [source]
Flowers: Bloom Period: May, June, July.
Habitat
Poorly drained, acidic loamy sands, savannas , open pinewoods ; of conservation concern; 0-10 m [2].
Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of -17 meters (-56 feet).[3]
Biome: Coastal.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Asterales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Compositae
(
)
- Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Senecioneae
(
)
- Subtribe:
Tussilagininae
(
)
- Genus:
Arnoglossum
(
)
- Rafinesque, 1817
- Indian plantain [Greek arnos, lamb, and glossum, tongue; ancient name for some species of Plantago]
- Specific epithet:
album
- L.C.Anderson
- Botanical name: - Arnoglossum album L.C.Anderson
- Specific epithet:
album
- L.C.Anderson
- Genus:
Arnoglossum
(
- Subtribe:
Tussilagininae
(
- Tribe:
Senecioneae
(
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
- Family:
Compositae
(
- Order:
Asterales
(
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Comment: Data Providers: Govaerts World Compositae Checklist
A-G,
IPNI, Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn
:lsid:compositae.org:names:E477F3D0-68E1-4D3E-A750-9443D41E9352
Last scrutiny: 10-Aug-09
Similar Species
Members of the genus Arnoglossum
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 8 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
A. album (Bay County Indian-Plantain) · A. atriplicifolium (Pale Indian Plaintain) · A. diversifolium (Variable-Leaved Indian-Plantain) · A. floridanum (Florida Cacalia) · A. muehlenbergii (Great Indian Plaintain) · A. ovatum (Egg-Leaf Indian-Plantain) · A. plantagineum (Arnoglossum) · A. sulcatum (Georgia Indian Plaintain)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Kral, R. and R. K. Godfrey. 1958. Synopsis of the Florida species of Cacalia. Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci. 21: 193-206.
- Pippen, R. W. 1978. Cacalia. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 151-159.
- Robinson, H. 1974b. Studies in the Senecioneae (Asteraceae). VI. The genus Arnoglossum. Phytologia 28: 294-295.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 24, 2008:
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3442606
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-24806
- MoBot NameID: 50154411
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDASTD7080
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 167002
Footnotes
- Loran C. Anderson "Arnoglossum". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 542, 622. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Arnoglossum album". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 623. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Standard Deviation = 24.100 based on 6 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
