Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Common Thrift, Red Leaf Thrift, Red Leaved Seathrift, Red Leaved Thrift, Sea Pink, Sea Thrift
Description
Family Plumbaginaceae
Shrublets
, shrubs
, or herbs. Stems striate
or reduced to a caudex
. Leaves simple
, alternate or basal, sessile or petiolate
but petiole
usually indistinct from blade
; stipules absent; leaf blade entire or rarely pinnately lobed
, with chalk
glands
on both surfaces. Inflorescences terminal
or axillary
, unbranched or branched, spicate
, spicate-racemose, subcapitate
, capitate, or paniculate
, arranged into complanate
spikes if branched, all composed of 1--10 or more cymules
or helicoid
cymes; cymules or helicoid cymes usually known as spikelets
, 1--5-flowered; bracts 1 at base
of each spikelet; bractlets
1 or 2 at base of each flower. Flowers bisexual
, actinomorphic
, sessile or very shortly pedicellate
. Calyx persistent
, hypogynous, tubular
to funnelform
, 5-ribbed, 5-lobed. Corolla hypogynous, petals connate
but sometimes only at base, lobes
or segments 5 and twisted. Stamens opposite corolla lobes, hypogynous or inserted
at corolla base; anthers
2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally. Pistil 1. Ovary superior, 1-locular. Styles 5, free
or connate. Stigmas 5. Ovule 1, pendulous from a basal funicle. Capsules usually enclosed within calyx. Seeds 1 per capsule; embryo straight, surrounded by thin starchy endosperm.
About 25 genera and 440 species: worldwide, main diversity
in C Asia and Mediterranean region; seven genera and 46 species (11 endemic) in China.[1]
Genus Armeria
Plants herbs, perennial
, scapose
, acaulescent
; taprooted, rootstocks
branched, woody. Leaves in basal rosettes, sessile; blade
linear
to linear-spatulate [lanceolate], narrowed or straight to base
, margins
entire. Scapes glabrous
or densely pubescent
, sometimes rugose
, enclosed by tubular
leafless sheath
at apex. Inflorescences solitary, apical, dense hemispheric
heads
of scorpioid cymes, each surrounded by involucre of scarious
bracts. Pedicels absent or present (short). Flowers monomorphic
or dimorphic
(in pollen and stigma characteristics) ; calyx 10-ribbed, funnel-shaped; tube
usually pubescent on ribs
only or all around, rarely glabrous, limbs membranaceous
, awned
or not; petals slightly connate
basally, white to deep purple; filaments
adnate
to base of corolla; anthers
included
; styles 5, free
, hairy
proximally; stigmas linear, papillate
or smooth
. Fruits dry, enclosed in persistent
calyces, dehiscing transversely. x = 9.
Species ca.
50: North America, s South America, Europe, w Asia (n Siberia), n Africa.
Armeria is known to be taxonomically difficult. Species concepts vary among authors
. About 50 species can be recognized according to A. R. Pinto da Silva (1972).[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Mounding perennial .
Flowers: Deep pink flowers in late spring . • Bloom Period: March, April, May. • Flower Color: magenta
Foliage: Evergreen . • Summer foliage: Reddish-purple foliage .
Size/Age/Growth
Growth Rate: Moderate. • Size: Moderate grower with flower stalks to 8 to 10 in. tall, clumps 1 ft . wide.
Landscaping
Landscape Uses: Perennial borders . Rock gardens. • Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . For a neat appearance , remove old foliage before new leaves emerge . Divide clumps every 2 to 3 years in early spring .
Habitat
Biome: Disturbed areas, urban areas
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 6" apart.
Soil: Prefers well-drained soil.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.
Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 9 (>120 to 150 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Plumbaginanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Plumbaginaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- leadwort
- Subfamily:
Staticoideae
(
)
- Genus:
Armeria
(
)
- Willdenow, 1809, nom. cons.
- Thrift [Celtic ar mor, at seaside, alluding to habitat]
- Specific epithet:
maritima
- (P. Miller) Willd.
- Cultivar:
Rubrifolia
- Botanical name: - Armeria maritima 'Rubrifolia' (P. Miller) Willd.
- Cultivar:
Rubrifolia
- Specific epithet:
maritima
- (P. Miller) Willd.
- Genus:
Armeria
(
- Subfamily:
Staticoideae
(
- Family:
Plumbaginaceae
(
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
- Superorder:
Plumbaginanae
(
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Armeria
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 34 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
A. alliacea (Plantain Thrift) · A. armeria (Armeria) · A. caespitosa 'Alba' (Thrift) · A. Caespitosa 'Sea Pink' (Dwarf Thrift) · A. juniperifolia (Dwarf Thrift) · A. maritima (Common Thrift) · A. maritima californica (California Seapink) · A. maritima interior (Athabasca Thrift) · A. maritima purpurea (Thrift Seapink) · A. maritima sibirica (Sea Pink) · A. maritima 'Alba' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima 'Bloodstone' (Bloodstone Thrift) · A. maritima subsp. californica (California Seapink) · A. maritima 'Compacta' (Compact Sea Pink) · A. maritima 'Cottontail' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima 'Cotton Tail' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima 'Dusseldorf Pride' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima subsp. interior (Interior Seapink) · A. maritima 'Laucheana' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima 'Nifty Thrifty' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima 'Pink Lusitanica' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima 'Pride of Dusseldorf' (Pride of Dusseldorf Sea Pink) · A. maritima 'Rubrifolia' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima subsp. sibirica (Siberian Sea Thrift) · A. maritima 'Six Hills' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima 'Splendens' (Common Thrift) · A. maritima 'Victor Reiter' (Sea Thrift) · A. pseudarmeria (Pinkball Thrift) · A. pseudarmeria 'Bees Hybrids' (Pinkball Thrift) · A. pseudarmeria 'Bees Ruby' (Pinkball Thrift) · A. pseudarmeria 'Joystick Lilac' (Pinkball Thrift) · A. pseudarmeria 'Joystick Red Shades' (Pinkball Thrift) · A. pseudarmeria 'Joystick White' (Pinkball Thrift) · A. setacea (Thrift)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Peng Ze-xiang (as Peng Tse-hsiang) in Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang), ed. 1987. Plumbaginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 1-47.
- Bernis, F. 1952. Revisión del género Armeria Willd. con especial referencia a los grupos Ibéricos. Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 11(2): 5-287.
- Lawrence, G. H. M. 1947. The genus Armeria in North America. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 37: 751-779.
- Lawrence, G. H. M. 1940. Armerias, native and cultivated. Gentes Herb. 4: 391-418.
- Lefèbvre, C. and X. Vekemans. 1995. A numerical taxonomic study of Armeria maritima (Plumbaginaceae) in North America and Greenland. Canad. J. Bot. 73: 1583-1595.
- Lefèbvre, C. 1974. Population variation and taxonomy in Armeria maritima with special reference to heavy-metal tolerant populations. New Phytol. 73: 209-219.
Notes
Contributors
- American Plant Food Company, 7405 River Road, Bethesda MD.
- Behnke Nurseries, Potomac MD USA
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Identifiers
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 708851
Footnotes
- Tse-Hsiang Pen & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Plumbaginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 190. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Claude Lefèbvre, Xavier Vekemans "Armeria". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
