Armeniaca vulgaris

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Armeniaca

Trees , rarely shrubs , deciduous. Branches unarmed , rarely spiny . Axillary wintern bud solitary; terminal winter bud absent. Stipules present. Leaves simple , alternate, convolute when young; petioles usually with 2 nectaries; leaf blade margin singly or doubly serrate. Inflorescences apparently axillary, 1-3-flowered. Flowers bisexual , regular, solitary or to 3 in a fascicle, opening before leaves or rarely with leaves. Pedicel nearly absent to very short, rarely longer . Hypanthium caducous in fruit. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, inserted on mouth of hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 15-45, perigynous; filaments free , filiform . Carpel 1(or 2) ; ovary superior, hairy , 1-loculed; ovules 2, collateral , pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, ± laterally compressed , hairy, rarely glabrous , with a conspicuous longitudinal groove ; mesocarp succulent or fleshy , not splitting when ripe , rarely dry and splitting when ripe; endocarp hard, 2-valved, compressed on both sides, surface smooth , scabrous , or reticulate , rarely pitted , separating from or adnate to mesocarp. Seeds bitter or sweet.

About 11 species: E to SW Asia; ten species (five endemic) in China.

Armeniaca is widespread in China and is especially common in N China, but its distribution center is the middle and lower reaches of the Huang He. Many species and varieties are cultivated for their edible fruit and a few for their edible seeds. Many species are also grown as ornamentals . The seeds are sweet or bitter and are rich in oil and protein. Seeds are used as food or medicine and the oil is used in light industry . The high quality wood is also used commercially.[2]

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [3].

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Lam. Publication : Encycl. (Lamarck) 1(1): 2 1783 [2 Dec 1783]

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Similar Species

Members of the genus Armeniaca

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. vulgaris (Wild Apricot)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url .
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• C.E. Hobbs' Botanical hand-book: of common local, English, botanical and pharmacopœial names arranged in alphabetical order, of most of the crude vegetable drugs, etc., in common use: their properties, productions and uses in an abb Boston: Printed by C.C. Roberts, 1876. url , .
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006) 2007. Armeniaca vulgaris. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 30January2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2796314
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-2050
• IUCN ID: 192707
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3963536

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Lu Ling-ti, Bruce Bartholomew "Armeniaca". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 396. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006) 2007. Armeniaca vulgaris. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.