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Arenaria nevadensis

(Arenaria)

Overview

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Critically Endangered

Threat status

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Common Names in Spanish:

Arenaria

Description

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Family Caryophyllaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely subshrubs or shrubs . Stems and branches usually swollen at nodes. Leaves opposite, decussate, rarely alternate or verticillate , simple , entire, usually connate at base ; stipules scarious , bristly , or often absent. Inflorescence of cymes or cymose panicles, rarely flowers solitary or few in racemes , capitula, pseudoverticillasters, or umbels. Flowers actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual , occasionally cleistogamous . Sepals (4 or) 5, free , imbricate, or connate into a tube , leaflike or scarious, persistent , sometimes bracteate below calyx. Petals (4 or) 5, rarely absent, free, often comprising claw and limb; limb entire or split, usually with coronal scales at juncture of claw and limb. Stamens (2--) 5--10, in 1 or 2 series. Pistil 1; carpels 2--5, united into a compound ovary. Ovary superior, 1-loculed or basally imperfectly 2--5-loculed. Gynophore present or absent. Placentation free, central, rarely basal; ovules (1 or) few or numerous , campylotropous. Styles (1 or) 2--5, sometimes united at base. Fruit usually a capsule, with pericarp crustaceous , scarious, or papery , dehiscing by teeth or valves 1 or 2 × as many as styles, rarely berrylike with irregular dehiscence or an achene. Seeds 1 to numerous, reniform , ovoid , or rarely dorsiventrally compressed , abaxially grooved , blunt , or sharply pointed , rarely fimbriate-pectinate; testa granular , striate or tuberculate , rarely smooth or spongy ; embryo strongly curved and surrounding perisperm or straight but eccentric ; perisperm mealy.

Between 75 and 80 genera and ca. 2000 species: widespread but mainly of temperate or warm-temperate occurrence in the N hemisphere, with principal centers of distribution in the Mediterranean region and W Asia to W China and the Himalayas, fewer species in Africa S of the Sahara, America, and Oceania; 30 genera (two endemic) and 390 species (193 endemic) in China.

Arenaria, Silene, and Stellaria contain over half the species in the family in China. They are mostly concentrated in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau , and are especially rich from the Hengduan Mountains to the Himalayas. The main uses of this family are medicinal and ornamental . Dianthus superbus, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata, and Vaccaria hispanica are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine . Some species of Arenaria, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Psammosilene, and Silene are used as medicinal herbs among the people or are habitually used in local Chinese medicine. Many species of Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Saponaria, and Silene are grown as ornamentals. Atocion armeria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque ( Silene armeria Linnaeus), native to Russia and Europe, is also cultivated in China. It differs from Silene in having a corymbose inflorescence and obscure calyx veins. Wu Cheng-yih, Ke Ping, Zhou Li-hua, Tang Chang-lin & Lu De-quan. 1996. Caryophyllaceae. In: Tang Chang-lin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 47–449.[1]

Genus Arenaria

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely biennial. Stems erect or rarely creeping , often caespitose or pulvinate . Leaves opposite, rarely whorled ; leaf blade linear to elliptic , ovate , or orbicular , usually flat, margin entire. Flowers solitary or numerous in cymes, actinomorphic . Sepals 4 or 5, apex entire, rarely emarginate . Petals 4 or 5, sometimes absent, apex entire to toothed , 2-cleft, or fimbriate. Stamens (2--5 or 8 or) 10. Ovary 1-loculed; ovules numerous. Styles 2 or 3(--5) . Capsule ovoid , obovoid , or globose , usually shorter than persistent sepals, rarely equaling or longer than them, 3- or 6-valved. Seeds reniform or subovoid, flattened, smooth , tuberculate , or narrowly winged .

More than 300 species: N temperate to arctic regions; 102 species (79 endemic) in China.

Arenaria has been subdivided into ten subgenera , several of which were further divided into sections and series (McNeill, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 79 155. 1962) . Six subgenera are represented in China, one of which ( A. subgen. Odontostemma ) contains more than half the species.

[2]

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [3].

Ecology: This annual herb grows at the most elevated summits, at altitudes between 2,950 and 3,300 m. It grows on earthy sites between pebbles with certain mobility and in sandy level stretch with oligotrophic water supply from melting of the permanent snow of the most elevated summits.

The domain corresponds to the series de Festuca clementei (Erigeronto frigidi-Festuceto clementei S.). Although the community has very low coverage, it can be found in the vicinity of Linaria glacialis, Viola crassiuscula, Galium rosellum, Hormathophylla spinosa, Festuca clementei, Arenaria tetraquetra ssp. amabilis, Jasione crispa ssp. amethystina, Saxifraga nevadensis, Coincya monensis ssp. nevadensis, Crepis oporinoides, Holcus caespitosus, and so on.

All individuals flourish at the end of the period of growth. Each flower produces ten seeds, of which between 40-60% fail in pre-fertilization. It is estimated that 69% of the flowers produce viable seeds.

The fact that it is a therophyte is quite exceptional since in the peaks of the Sierra Nevada it is almost exclusively chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes. Its development is in summer, with its growing season vegetation less than 30 days. It is pollinated by insects (mainly Hymenoptera and Diptera), the maximum Anthesis occurs in early August, although it can often overlap between different stages of phenology. The dispersal of seeds is passive and often falls in the vicinity of the mother plant, caught between the stones . It doesn't reproduce vegetatively and plagues or diseases of consideration have not been detected. [3].

List of Habitats :

Taxonomy

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Notes

Publishing author : Boiss. Publication : Diagn. Ser. II. i. 90

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Arenaria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 89 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. aberrans (Mt. Dellenbaugh Sandwort) · A. aculeata (Needleleaf Sandwort) · A. balearica (Corsican Sandwort) · A. benthamii (Hilly Sandwort) · A. capillaris (Slender Mountain Sandwort) · A. capillaris americana (Beautiful Sandwort) · A. capillaris americana var. americana (Fescue Sandwort) · A. capillaris capillaris (Slender Mountain Sandwort) · A. capillaris subsp. americana (Fescue Sandwort) · A. capillaris subsp. capillaris (Slender Mountain Sandwort) · A. ciliata (Fringed Sandwort) · A. congesta (Baldhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. cephaloidea (Sharptip Sandwort) · A. congesta var. charlestonensis (Charleston Sandwort) · A. congesta var. congesta (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. crassula (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. glandulifera (Gland Sandwort) · A. congesta var. lithophila (Loosehead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. prolifera (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. simulans (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. subcongesta (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. suffrutescens (Suffrutescent Sandwort) · A. congesta var. wheelerensis (Wheeler's Sandwort) · A. eastwoodiae (Eastwood Sandwort) · A. eastwoodiae var. adenophora (Eastwood's Sandwort) · A. eastwoodiae var. eastwoodiae (Eastwood's Sandwort) · A. fendleri (Fendler Sandwort) · A. fendleri brevifolia (Fendler's Sandwort) · A. fendleri var. brevifolia (Fendler Sandwort) · A. fendleri var. fendleri (Fendler Sandwort) · A. fendleri var. porteri (Porter Sandwort) · A. fendleri var. tweedyi (Tweedy Sandwort) · A. franklinii (Franklin Sandwort) · A. franklinii var. franklinii (Franklin's Sandwort) · A. franklinii var. thompsonii (Thompson's Sandwort) · A. holosteoides (False Jagged-Ckickweed) · A. hookeri (Hooker Sandwort) · A. hookeri desertorum (Hooker Sandwort) · A. hookeri pinetorum (Hooker Sandwort) · A. hookeri subsp. desertorum (Hooker's Desert Sandwort) · A. hookeri subsp. pinetorum (Hooker's Sandwort) · A. humifusa (Creeping Sandwort) · A. kingii (King Sandwort) · A. kingii compacta (King's Compact Sandwort) · A. kingii kingii (King's Sandwort) · A. kingii plateauensis (King's Plateau Sandwort) · A. kingii rosea (King's Rosy Sandwort) · A. kingii uintahensis (Uinta Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. compacta (King's Compact Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. kingii (King's Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. plateauensis (King's Plateau Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. rosea (King's Rosy Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. uintahensis (Uinta Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa lanuginosa var. Lanuginosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa saxosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa var. lanuginosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa var. longipedunculata (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa subsp. saxosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lithophila (Loosehead Sandwort) · A. livermorensis (Livermore Sandwort) · A. longipedunculata (Longstem Sandwort) · A. ludens (Trans Pecos Sandwort) · A. macradenia (Mojave Sandwort) · A. macradenia ferrisiae (Mojave Sandwort) · A. macradenia macradenia (Forest Camp Sandwort) · A. macradenia macradenia var. Macradenia (Mojave Sandwort) · A. macradenia subsp. ferrisiae (Ferris' Sandwort) · A. macradenia subsp. macradenia (Mojave Sandwort) · A. montana (Mountain Sandwort) · A. montana 'Avalanche' (Mountain Sandwort) · A. montana 'Bloodstone' (Mountain Sandwort) · A. paludicola (Marsh Sandwort) · A. pinetorum (Hooker's Sandwort) · A. pseudoacantholimon (Sandwort) · A. pseudofrigida (Tundra Sandwort) · A. pumicola (Crater Lake Sandwort) · A. pumicola var. pumicola (Crater Lake Sandwort) · A. rosea (King's Rosy Sandwort) · A. serpyllifolia (Sandworts) · A. serpyllifolia leptoclados (Thymeleaf Sandwort) · A. serpyllifolia serpyllifolia (Thyme-Leaf Sandwort) · A. stenomeres (Meadow Valley Sandwort) · A. suffrutescens (Suffrutescent Sandwort) · A. tetraquetra (Spanish Sandwort) · A. tmolea (Sandwort) · A. tweedyi (Tweedy's Sandwort) · A. ursina (Bear Valley Sandwort) · A. verna 'Aurea' (Golden Moss)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Dequan Lu, Zhengyi Wu, Lihua Zhou, Shilong Chen, Michael G. Gilbert, Magnus Lidén, John McNeill, John K. Morton, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler, Mats Thulin, Nicholas J. Turland & Warren L. Wagner "Caryophyllaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Dequan Lu, Zhengyi Wu, Lihua Zhou, Shilong Chen, Michael G. Gilbert, Magnus Lidén, John McNeill, John K. Morton, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler, Mats Thulin, Nicholas J. Turland & Warren L. Wagner "Arenaria". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 40. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. Gutiérrez, L. & Blanca, G. 2011. Arenaria nevadensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 January 2012. [back]
Last Revised: 7/21/2012