Arenaria montana

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Caryophyllaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely subshrubs or shrubs . Stems and branches usually swollen at nodes. Leaves opposite, decussate, rarely alternate or verticillate , simple , entire, usually connate at base ; stipules scarious , bristly , or often absent. Inflorescence of cymes or cymose panicles, rarely flowers solitary or few in racemes , capitula, pseudoverticillasters, or umbels. Flowers actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual , occasionally cleistogamous . Sepals (4 or) 5, free , imbricate, or connate into a tube , leaflike or scarious, persistent , sometimes bracteate below calyx. Petals (4 or) 5, rarely absent, free, often comprising claw and limb; limb entire or split, usually with coronal scales at juncture of claw and limb. Stamens (2--) 5--10, in 1 or 2 series. Pistil 1; carpels 2--5, united into a compound ovary. Ovary superior, 1-loculed or basally imperfectly 2--5-loculed. Gynophore present or absent. Placentation free, central, rarely basal; ovules (1 or) few or numerous , campylotropous. Styles (1 or) 2--5, sometimes united at base. Fruit usually a capsule, with pericarp crustaceous , scarious, or papery , dehiscing by teeth or valves 1 or 2 × as many as styles, rarely berrylike with irregular dehiscence or an achene. Seeds 1 to numerous, reniform , ovoid , or rarely dorsiventrally compressed , abaxially grooved , blunt , or sharply pointed , rarely fimbriate-pectinate; testa granular , striate or tuberculate , rarely smooth or spongy ; embryo strongly curved and surrounding perisperm or straight but eccentric ; perisperm mealy.

Between 75 and 80 genera and ca. 2000 species: widespread but mainly of temperate or warm-temperate occurrence in the N hemisphere, with principal centers of distribution in the Mediterranean region and W Asia to W China and the Himalayas, fewer species in Africa S of the Sahara, America, and Oceania; 30 genera (two endemic) and 390 species (193 endemic) in China.

Arenaria, Silene, and Stellaria contain over half the species in the family in China. They are mostly concentrated in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau , and are especially rich from the Hengduan Mountains to the Himalayas. The main uses of this family are medicinal and ornamental . Dianthus superbus, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata, and Vaccaria hispanica are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine . Some species of Arenaria, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Psammosilene, and Silene are used as medicinal herbs among the people or are habitually used in local Chinese medicine. Many species of Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Saponaria, and Silene are grown as ornamentals. Atocion armeria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque ( Silene armeria Linnaeus), native to Russia and Europe, is also cultivated in China. It differs from Silene in having a corymbose inflorescence and obscure calyx veins. Wu Cheng-yih, Ke Ping, Zhou Li-hua, Tang Chang-lin & Lu De-quan. 1996. Caryophyllaceae. In: Tang Chang-lin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 47–449.[1]

Genus Arenaria

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely biennial. Stems erect or rarely creeping , often caespitose or pulvinate . Leaves opposite, rarely whorled ; leaf blade linear to elliptic , ovate , or orbicular , usually flat, margin entire. Flowers solitary or numerous in cymes, actinomorphic . Sepals 4 or 5, apex entire, rarely emarginate . Petals 4 or 5, sometimes absent, apex entire to toothed , 2-cleft, or fimbriate. Stamens (2--5 or 8 or) 10. Ovary 1-loculed; ovules numerous. Styles 2 or 3(--5) . Capsule ovoid , obovoid , or globose , usually shorter than persistent sepals, rarely equaling or longer than them, 3- or 6-valved. Seeds reniform or subovoid, flattened, smooth , tuberculate , or narrowly winged .

More than 300 species: N temperate to arctic regions; 102 species (79 endemic) in China.

Arenaria has been subdivided into ten subgenera , several of which were further divided into sections and series (McNeill, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 79 155. 1962) . Six subgenera are represented in China, one of which ( A. subgen. Odontostemma ) contains more than half the species.

[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Control weeds until the plants have filled in. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer .

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,303 meters (0 to 4,275 feet).[3]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 3-6" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full to partial sun

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 5 (>30 to 45 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: High:5 (-20 to -10 F) Low:3 (-40 to -30 F) (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Raf. Publication : Atl. Journ. 151.

Publishing author: Malagarriga Publication: Las Subesp. y Variac. Geogr.: 6 (1973)

Basionym author: (Boiss.)

Publishing author: L. Publication: Cent. i. 12; Amoen. Acad. iv . 272.

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Arenaria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 89 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. aberrans (Mt. Dellenbaugh Sandwort) · A. aculeata (Needleleaf Sandwort) · A. balearica (Corsican Sandwort) · A. benthamii (Hilly Sandwort) · A. capillaris (Slender Mountain Sandwort) · A. capillaris americana (Beautiful Sandwort) · A. capillaris americana var. americana (Fescue Sandwort) · A. capillaris capillaris (Slender Mountain Sandwort) · A. capillaris subsp. americana (Fescue Sandwort) · A. capillaris subsp. capillaris (Slender Mountain Sandwort) · A. ciliata (Fringed Sandwort) · A. congesta (Baldhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. cephaloidea (Sharptip Sandwort) · A. congesta var. charlestonensis (Charleston Sandwort) · A. congesta var. congesta (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. crassula (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. glandulifera (Gland Sandwort) · A. congesta var. lithophila (Loosehead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. prolifera (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. simulans (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. subcongesta (Ballhead Sandwort) · A. congesta var. suffrutescens (Suffrutescent Sandwort) · A. congesta var. wheelerensis (Wheeler's Sandwort) · A. eastwoodiae (Eastwood Sandwort) · A. eastwoodiae var. adenophora (Eastwood's Sandwort) · A. eastwoodiae var. eastwoodiae (Eastwood's Sandwort) · A. fendleri (Fendler Sandwort) · A. fendleri brevifolia (Fendler's Sandwort) · A. fendleri var. brevifolia (Fendler Sandwort) · A. fendleri var. fendleri (Fendler Sandwort) · A. fendleri var. porteri (Porter Sandwort) · A. fendleri var. tweedyi (Tweedy Sandwort) · A. franklinii (Franklin Sandwort) · A. franklinii var. franklinii (Franklin's Sandwort) · A. franklinii var. thompsonii (Thompson's Sandwort) · A. holosteoides (False Jagged-Ckickweed) · A. hookeri (Hooker Sandwort) · A. hookeri desertorum (Hooker Sandwort) · A. hookeri pinetorum (Hooker Sandwort) · A. hookeri subsp. desertorum (Hooker's Desert Sandwort) · A. hookeri subsp. pinetorum (Hooker's Sandwort) · A. humifusa (Creeping Sandwort) · A. kingii (King Sandwort) · A. kingii compacta (King's Compact Sandwort) · A. kingii kingii (King's Sandwort) · A. kingii plateauensis (King's Plateau Sandwort) · A. kingii rosea (King's Rosy Sandwort) · A. kingii uintahensis (Uinta Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. compacta (King's Compact Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. kingii (King's Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. plateauensis (King's Plateau Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. rosea (King's Rosy Sandwort) · A. kingii subsp. uintahensis (Uinta Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa lanuginosa var. Lanuginosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa saxosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa var. lanuginosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa var. longipedunculata (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lanuginosa subsp. saxosa (Spreading Sandwort) · A. lithophila (Loosehead Sandwort) · A. livermorensis (Livermore Sandwort) · A. longipedunculata (Longstem Sandwort) · A. ludens (Trans Pecos Sandwort) · A. macradenia (Mojave Sandwort) · A. macradenia ferrisiae (Mojave Sandwort) · A. macradenia macradenia (Forest Camp Sandwort) · A. macradenia macradenia var. Macradenia (Mojave Sandwort) · A. macradenia subsp. ferrisiae (Ferris' Sandwort) · A. macradenia subsp. macradenia (Mojave Sandwort) · A. montana (Mountain Sandwort) · A. montana 'Avalanche' (Mountain Sandwort) · A. montana 'Bloodstone' (Mountain Sandwort) · A. paludicola (Marsh Sandwort) · A. pinetorum (Hooker's Sandwort) · A. pseudoacantholimon (Sandwort) · A. pseudofrigida (Tundra Sandwort) · A. pumicola (Crater Lake Sandwort) · A. pumicola var. pumicola (Crater Lake Sandwort) · A. rosea (King's Rosy Sandwort) · A. serpyllifolia (Sandworts) · A. serpyllifolia leptoclados (Thymeleaf Sandwort) · A. serpyllifolia serpyllifolia (Thyme-Leaf Sandwort) · A. stenomeres (Meadow Valley Sandwort) · A. suffrutescens (Suffrutescent Sandwort) · A. tetraquetra (Spanish Sandwort) · A. tmolea (Sandwort) · A. tweedyi (Tweedy's Sandwort) · A. ursina (Bear Valley Sandwort) · A. verna 'Aurea' (Golden Moss)

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Further Reading

• A compendium of the Cybele britannica; or British plants in their geographical relations. London, Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, 1870. url .
• A garden diary, September 1899-September 1900 / by Emily Lawless. London: Methuen, 1901. url p. 37.
• A garden diary: September 1899-September 1900 / London: Methuen & Co., 1901. url .
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url p. 90.
• A year's gardening London, T. Werner Laurie, [1912?] url .
• A year's gardening, New York, C. Scribner's sons[1912?] url p. 179.
• Alien flora of Britain. London, West, Newman, 1905. url p. 33.
• Alpine flowers and rock gardens illustrated in colour / described by Walter P. Wright; with notes on "Alpine plants at home", by William Graveson. London: Headley Brothers, 1911. url p. 287.
• Alpine flowers for English gardens / by W. Robinson. London: Murray, 1879. url p. 185, p. 401, p. 434.
• Alpine flowers for gardens: rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs / by W. Robinson. London: John Murray, 1903. url p. 172.
• Alpine flowers for gardens; rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs, by W. Robinson. London, J. Murray, 1910. url p. 172.
• Alpine plants / by A.J. Macself; illustrated with colour photographs by R.A. Malby, water colour drawings by Winifred Walker, line drawings by G.E. Lee. New York: Scribner, 1923. url p. 64.
• Alpine plants, a practical manual for their culture, with a supplementary essay on The small rock-garden. London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1906, 1907. url .
• Alpines and bog-plants / by Reginald Farrer. London, Arnold, 1908. url p. 98.
• Alpines and bog-plants, London, E. Arnold, 1908. url .
• An encyclopaedia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. London, Printed for Longman, Ross, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1828. url p. 882, p. 884.
• An encyclopædia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. .. illustrated with many hundred engravings on wood by Branston. London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1827. url p. 884.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 118, p. 14, p. 14, p. 159, p. 163, p. 172, p. 187, p. 199, p. 199, p. 283, p. 309, p. 40, p. 40, p. 425, p. 425, p. 65, p. 68, p. 78, p. 78.
• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 588.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. CambridgeUniversity Press1908-14 url p. 588.
• Colour in my garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. Illustrated in colour, by Anna Winegar. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1918. url p. 21, p. 230, p. 384, p. 67.
• Colour in the flower garden / [London]: "Country life, " ltd. [etc.], 1908. url p. 34.
• Come into the garden, New York, The Macmillan company, 1921. url p. 266.
• Companion to the Botanical magazine: being a journal, containing such interesting botanical information as does not come within the prescribed limits of the magazine; with occasional figures /by W.J. Hooker. 2 1836-1837 London: Printed by E. Conchman. .. for the proprietor, S. Curtis, 1835-1836 [i.e., 1835-1837] url p. 266, p. 325.
• Curtis's botanical magazine. 28 1808 London; New York [etc.]: Academic Press [etc.] url , , p. 185, p. 4, p. 44, p. 54, p. 59, p. 6, p. 64.
• Flora calpensis; contributions to the botany and topography of Gibraltar, and its neighbourhood. By E. F. Kelaart. London, J. van Voorst, 1846. url p. 86.
• Flower gardening, New York, bMcBride, Nast & company, 1913. url .
• Flower gardening, by H. S. Adams. New York, McBride, Nast & Company, 1913. url p. 192.
• Flower grouping in English, Scotch & Irish gardens; notes & 56 sketches in colour, by Margaret Waterfield. .. with contributions by E. V. B., S. Arnott [and others] London: E. P. Dutton & co., 1907. url p. 136, p. 227.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 237.
• Garden colour: Spring, by Mrs. C. W. Earle; Summer, by E. V. B.; Autumn, by Rose Kingsley; Winter, by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs; etc., etc. Notes & water color sketches by Margaret Waterfield. 1905 London, E. P. Dutton & company, 1905. url index, page 187.
• Gardeners' chronicle of America. New York: Chronicle Press, 1905-1950. url p. 310, p. 319.
• Gardening for amateurs; a simple, complete, and practical guide for garden lovers, edited by H. H. Thomas. Illustrated by twenty-four coloured plates and many hundreds of photographs and sketches. New York: Funk and Wagnalls company, [1915] url p. 593, p. 596, p. 614.
• Gardening for beginners; a handbook to the garden, by E.T. Cook. [London]"Country Life" [etc., 1914] url , .
• Gardens for small country houses, London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1920. url .
• Gardens for small country houses, by Gertrude Jekyll & Lawrence Weaver. London, C. Scribner's sons1914. url p. 256.
• Hardy flowers. Descriptions of upwards of thirteen hundred of the most ornamental species, with directions for their arrangement, culture, etc.. .. By W. Robinson. London, Macmillan, 1878. url p. 64.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- url p. 786.
• Irish gardening. Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922 url p. 100, p. 55, p. 85.
• Jottings of a gentleman farmer: a practical guide to flower gardening for amateur gardeners: to which is added some suggestions on growing food plants during the war / by E.T. Ellis. London: L. Reeve & co., 1917. url .
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 15, p. 16, p. 16, p. 179, p. 395, p. 397.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 4 1903 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 136.
• Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society. London: The Society, 1857-1864. url p. 119, p. 121.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , , , , , , , , p. 102, p. 114, p. 117, p. 127, p. 154, p. 155, p. 86, p. 88.
• My garden in spring, by E. A. Bowles. New York: Dodge Pub. Co., [1914] url p. 292.
• My garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. .. illustrated by Will Simmons. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Page & company, [c1916] url p. 21, p. 21, p. 286, p. 286, p. 36, p. 36, p. 59, p. 59.
• Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. Hobart, Tasmania, The Society. url p. 69.
• Popular science monthly. New York: D. Appleton, 1872-1950. url p. 598.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 1013.
• Rock gardening for amateurs, by H. H. Thomas assisted by S. Arnott; beautifully illustrated with twelve direct colour photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke, sixty-four half-tone plates and numerous sketches. London, Cassell and company, limited, 1914. url p. 106, p. 203.
• Rock gardens: how to make and maintain them, London, Williams & Norgate, 1910. url p. 373.
• Rock gardens; how to make and maintain them, by Lewis B. Meredith, with an introduction by F. W. Moore. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1914. url p. 378.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 460.
• Studies in gardening, New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1916. url , , , , .
• Studies in gardening, by A. Clutton Brock; with preface and notes by Mrs. Francis King. .. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1916. url p. 154, p. 154, p. 21, p. 21, p. 214, p. 214, p. 317, p. 317, p. 9, p. 9.
• Sub-alpine plants: or, Flowers of the Swiss woods and meadows / by H. Stuart Thompson; with 33 coloured plates (168 figures) by George Flemwell. London: Dutton, 1912. url p. 108.
• Sub-alpine plants: or, flowers of the Swiss woods and meadows / [London]: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1912. url .
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 1120, p. 649, p. 898.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement shown by existing examples of gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a description of the plants, shrubs, and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. London: J. Murray, 1911. url p. 445.
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 1095, p. 1330, p. 306, p. 312.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , , , , , p. 115, p. 121, p. 126, p. 131, p. 132, p. 137, p. 141, p. 142, p. 145, p. 151, p. 166, p. 18, p. 187, p. 188, p. 190, p. 192, p. 212, p. 217, p. 218, p. 219, p. 221, p. 227, p. 23, p. 238, p. 241, p. 245, p. 278, p. 282, p. 286, p. 300, p. 302, p. 308, p. 31, p. 31, p. 313, p. 313, p. 331, p. 336, p. 337, p. 343, p. 348, p. 360, p. 367, p. 372, p. 376, p. 379, p. 38, p. 380, p. 380, p. 382, p. 383, p. 383, p. 388, p. 396, p. 397, p. 40, p. 418, p. 429, p. 438, p. 447, p. 455, p. 460, p. 496, p. 518, p. 546, p. 570, p. 579, p. 598, p. 66, p. 8, p. 84, p. 87, p. 91, p. 92, p. 93, p. 93, p. 97.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 26, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien: Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.
• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain: Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain: Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
• GBIF-Spain: Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain: Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain: Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain: Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA)
• GBIF-Spain: Univ. Herbarium SALAMANCA: SALA
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Almería, HUAL
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5882029
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13683851
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:151459-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 151458-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 645413

Footnotes

1. Dequan Lu, Zhengyi Wu, Lihua Zhou, Shilong Chen, Michael G. Gilbert, Magnus Lidén, John McNeill, John K. Morton, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler, Mats Thulin, Nicholas J. Turland & Warren L. Wagner "Caryophyllaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Dequan Lu, Zhengyi Wu, Lihua Zhou, Shilong Chen, Michael G. Gilbert, Magnus Lidén, John McNeill, John K. Morton, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler, Mats Thulin, Nicholas J. Turland & Warren L. Wagner "Arenaria". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 40. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 274.300 meters (899.934 feet), Standard Deviation = 313.060 based on 461 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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