Arctostaphylos nevadensis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Ericaceae

Plants usually woody, or herbs, sometimes lacking chlorophyll. Leaves spiral , sometimes decussate, margin often toothed . Inflorescence racemose; bracteoles paired , basal. Flowers (4 or) 5-merous. Calyx imbricate. Corolla connate , imbricate. Stamens 10, sometimes with spurs or awns , dehiscing by pores , pollen in tetrads , rarely single. Ovary superior or inferior, placentation axile , rarely parietal , often many ovules per locule. Style ± as long as corolla, slender. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a drupe; calyx persistent.

About 125 genera and 4000 species: widely distributed in temperate and subarctic regions, also at high elevations in tropical regions ; 22 genera and 826 species (524 endemic) in China.

The Monotropoideae are here included in the Ericaceae; previously in FRPS (56: 157 216. 1990), they were treated as the Pyrolaceae. Chiogenes, recorded from China in FRPS (57(3) : 69 71. 1991), is here included in Gaultheria. Over the last half century, the Empetraceae have usually been separated from, but closely associated with, the Ericaceae. In their ecology, leaf morphology and insertion , rusts, embryology, stamen anatomy, etc. , they largely agree with that family . Molecular data place Empetrum and its relatives firmly within the Ericaceae, and in particular within the subfamily Ericoideae, in agreement with phytochemical and palynological data, and there they are best recognized as a separate tribe . There are distinctive features of the Empetreae that were responsible for their past familial status, e.g. , reduced perianth with separate members , low ovule number, enlarged stigmas, etc. However, these are likely to be derived features associated with wind pollination. See Kron et al. (Bot. Rev. 68: 335 423. 2002) and the recent treatment of the Ericaceae by Stevens et al. (in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 6: 145 194. 2004) .

Several genera and many species are ornamentals . Some fruits of Vaccinium in N China are sweet and edible, but of no particular value to humans. Some species of Chamaedaphne, Craibiodendron, Leucothoë, Lyonia, Pieris, and Rhododendron contain more or less toxic diterpenes, which are harmful to humans or domestic animals.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,147 meters (0 to 7,044 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: Yes • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes

Growth

Culture: Space 4-6' apart.

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Medium • Minimum pH: 6.0 • Maximum pH: 8.4 • Fertility Requirement: Low

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade. • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Minimum Precipitation: 16 • Maximum Precipitation: 80 • Moisture Use: Low

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -13 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 180 • Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Arctostaphylos pungens nevadensis (Gray) J. B. Roof

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 10-Apr-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Arctostaphylos

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 217 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. alpina (Alpine Bearberry) · A. alpina alpina (Alpine Bearberry) · A. alpina japonica (Alpine Bearberry) · A. andersonii (Santa Cruz Manzanita) · A. andersonii tridentata (Santa Cruz Manzanita) · A. auriculata (Mount Diablo Manzanita) · A. australis (Australian Manzanita) · A. bakeri (Baker's Manzanita) · A. bakeri sublaevis (Baker's Manzanita) · A. bakeri subsp. sublaevis (The Cedars Manzanita) · A. benitoensis (Benito Manzanita) · A. campbelliae (Campbell Manzanita) · A. canescens (Hoary Manzanita) · A. canescens sonomensis (Hoary Manzanita) · A. canescens subsp. sonomensis (Sonoma Manzanita) · A. catalinae (Santa Catalina Island Manzanita) · A. cinerea (Waldo Manzanita) · A. coloradensis (Colorado Manzanita) · A. columbiana (Bristly Manzanita) · A. columbiana nortensis (Hairy Manzanita) · A. columbiana subsp. nortensis (Bristly Manzanita) · A. confertiflora (Santa Rosa Island Manzanita) · A. crassifolia (Del Mar Manzanita) · A. cruzensis (Arroyo De La Cruz Manzanita) · A. densiflora (Vine Hill Manzanita) · A. densiflora 'Harmony' (Manzanita) · A. densiflora 'Howard Mcminn' (Vine Hill Manzanita) · A. densiflora 'Sentinel' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii (Little Sur Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Big Sur' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Carmel Sur' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Danville' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Indian Hill' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Little Sur' (Manzanita) · A. gabrielensis (San Gabriel Manzanita) · A. glandulosa adamsii (Eastwood Manzanita) · A. glandulosa crassifolia (Eastwood Manzanita) · A. glandulosa glaucomollis (Eastwood Manzanita) · A. glandulosa mollis (Eastwood's Manzanita) · A. glandulosa var. zacaensis 'San Marcos' (Manzanita) · A. glandulosa zacaensis (Eastwood's Manzanita) · A. glandulosa subsp. crassifolia (Del Mar Manzanita) · A. glandulosa subsp. glaucomollis (Eastwood's Manzanita) · A. glandulosa subsp. mollis (Eastwood's Manzanita) · A. glandulosa subsp. zacaensis (Zaca's Manzanita) · A. glauca (Big Berry Manzanita) · A. glauca 'Dwaine's Dwarf' (Manzanita) · A. glauca 'Frazier Park' (Mt. Pinos Manzanita) · A. glauca 'Los Angeles' (Santa Monica Big Berry Manzanita) · A. glauca 'Ramona' (Manzanita) · A. glutinosa (Schreiber's Manzanita) · A. helleri (Heller's Manzanita) · A. hispidula (Gasquet Manzanita) · A. hookeri (Bearberry) · A. hookeri franciscana (Franciscan Manzanita) · A. hookeri hearstiorum (Hearst's Manzanita) · A. hookeri hookeri (Hooker's Manzanita) · A. hookeri montana (Hooker's Manzanita) · A. hookeri ravenii (Hooker's Manzanita) · A. hookeri var. franciscana 'Franciscana' (Franciscan Manzanita) · A. hookeri subsp. franciscana (Franciscan Manzanita) · A. hookeri subsp. hearstiorum (Hearst's Manzanita) · A. hookeri subsp. montana (Mt. Tamalpais Manzanita) · A. hookeri 'Monterey Carpet' (Monterey Pine Manzanita) · A. hookeri subsp. ravenii (Presidio Manzanita) · A. hookeri 'Wayside' (Manzanita Inner Monterey Manzanita) · A. hooveri (Hoover Manzanita) · A. imbricata (San Bruno Mountain Manzanita) · A. imbricata imbricata (San Bruno Mountain Manzanita) · A. insularis (Island Manzanita) · A. jepsonii (Jepson's Manzanita) · A. klamathensis (Klamath Manzanita) · A. laxiflora (Lazyflower Manzanita) · A. luciana (Santa Lucia Manzanita) · A. luciana 'Adelaide' (Santa Lucia Manzanita) · A. malloryi (Mallory's Manzanita) · A. manzanita (Common Manzanita) · A. manzanita glaucescens (Elegant Manzanita) · A. manzanita laevigata (Contra Costa Manzanita) · A. manzanita manzanita (Whiteleaf Manzanita) · A. manzanita roofii (Whiteleaf Manzanita) · A. manzanita wieslanderi (Whiteleaf Manzanita) · A. manzanita 'Dr. Hurd' (Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. elegans (Konocti Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. glaucescens (Whiteleaf Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. laevigata (Contra Costa Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. roofii (Roof's Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. wieslanderi (Wieslander's Manzanita) · A. media (Intermediate Manzanita) · A. mendocinoensis (Pygmy Manzanita) · A. mewukka (Indian Manzanita) · A. mewukka truei (Indian Manzanita) · A. mewukka subsp. truei (True's Manzanita) · A. montaraensis (Montara Manzanita) · A. montereyensis (Monterey Manzanita) · A. moranii (Moran's Manzanita) · A. morroensis (Morro Manzanita) · A. morroensis 'Park View' (Morro Manzanita) · A. myrtifolia (Ione Manzanita) · A. nevadensis (Hardy Manzanita)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A Yosemite flora; a descriptive account of the ferns and flowering plants, including the trees, of the Yosemite National Park; with simple keys for their identification. .. by Harvey Monroe Hall and Carlotta Case Hall. San Francisco, Elder, 1912. url p. 180.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 34, p. 37, p. 38.
• A report upon the boreal flora of the Sierra Nevada of California / by Frank Jason Smiley. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1921. url p. 288.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 309, p. 312.
• An introduction to California plant life Berkeley: University of California Press, [c1974] url p. 60.
• Birds of a Maryland farm: a local study of economic ornithology / Washington; G.P.O., 1902. url .
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 818, p. 858, p. 94.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey. Washington: G.P.O., 1904-1907. url p. 44.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information. Additional Series. Royal Gardens, Kew. 4 1900 [Kew, Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens], 1898-1936; url p. 40.
• California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 133, p. 249.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url , , p. 29, p. 96, p. 97.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 1797, p. 1835, p. 2010.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 5 1897-1901 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 102, p. 145, p. 408, p. 437, p. 438, p. 553.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 217.
• Elementary flora of the Northwest, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1914] url .
• Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url .
• Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 279.
• Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 437, p. 438.
• Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. url p. 438.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 18 1998 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 281.
• Key to important woody plants of eastern Oregon and Washington, by Doris W. Hayes and George A. Garrison. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1960. url p. 186, p. 206, p. 220.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 109, p. 114, p. 56, p. 71, p. 72.
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 217.
• Mount Rainier: a record of exploration / edited by Edmond S. Meany. New York: Macmillan, 1916. url p. 268.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 32.
• Native woody plants of the United States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1938. url p. 58.
• Pamphlets on forestry in Nebraska. [1900?- url p. 33.
• Proceedings - California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 62.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 62.
• Range plant handbook. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1937. url p. xix.
• Results of a biological survey of Mount Shasta, California, Washington, Govt Print. Off., 1899. url , , , .
• Results of a biological survey of mount Shasta, California, by C. Hart Merriam, chief of Divison of Biological Survey. Washington, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Div. of Biological Survey: 1899. url p. 142, p. 157, p. 63.
• Surveys of forest reserves. Washington, 1897. url .
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 338.
• The Thelephoraceae of North America / by Edward A. Burt. St. Louis, Mo.?: Missouri Botanical Garden, 1914-1926 url p. 634, p. 654.
• The broad-sclerophyll vegetation of California; an ecological study of the chaparral and its related communities. WashingtonCornegie Institution of Washington1922 url p. 120, p. 96, p. 97.
• The mammals and life zones of Oregon. By Vernon Bailey. Washington[U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1936. url p. 28.
• University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. url p. 288.
• Woody plants of the western national parks; containing keys for the identification of trees and shrubs, by Virginia Long Bailey and Harold Edwards Bailey. Notre Dame, Ind., University Press, 1949. url p. 6, p. 7.
• Chou Yiliang & Zhou Ruichang. 1990. Pyrolaceae. In: Fang Wenpei & Hu Wenkuang, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 56: 157216
• Fang Rhuicheng, Yang Hanbi & Chin Tsenli. 1999. Ericaceae (1). In: Fang Rhuicheng, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 57(1): 1213
• Hsu Tingzhi, Gao Baochun, Fang Rhuicheng & Huang Shuhua. 1991. Ericaceae (3). In: Fang Rhuicheng, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 57(3): 1207
• Hu Wenkuang, Hu Lincheng, Fang Mingyuan & He Mingyou. 1994. Ericaceae (2). In: Hu Lincheng, Fang Mingyuan, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 57(2): 1438
• Ming Tien lu. 1980. Empetraceae. In: Cheng Mien & Ming Tien lu, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 6062.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2649054
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-23503
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13740225
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326622-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 3863
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 23503
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 17844-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDERI04290
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ARNE
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 22092

Footnotes

1. Mingyuan Fang, Ruizheng Fang, Mingyou He, Linzheng Hu, Hanbi Yang, Haining Qin, Tianlu Min, David F. Chamberlain, Peter Stevens, Gary D. Wallace & Arne Anderberg "Ericaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 242. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 1,128.660 meters (3,702.953 feet), Standard Deviation = 527.720 based on 351 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.