Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Hairy Manzanita, Bristly Manzanita, Tracy's Manzanita
Description
Family Ericaceae
Plants
usually woody, or herbs, sometimes lacking chlorophyll. Leaves spiral
, sometimes decussate, margin
often toothed
. Inflorescence racemose; bracteoles paired
, basal. Flowers (4 or) 5-merous. Calyx imbricate. Corolla connate
, imbricate. Stamens 10, sometimes with spurs or awns
, dehiscing by pores
, pollen in tetrads
, rarely single. Ovary superior or inferior, placentation axile
, rarely parietal
, often many ovules per locule. Style ± as long as corolla, slender. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a drupe; calyx persistent.
About 125 genera and 4000 species: widely distributed in temperate
and subarctic
regions, also at high elevations
in tropical regions
; 22 genera and 826 species (524 endemic) in China.
The Monotropoideae are here included
in the Ericaceae; previously in FRPS (56: 157 216. 1990), they were treated as the Pyrolaceae. Chiogenes, recorded from China in FRPS (57(3) : 69 71. 1991), is here included in Gaultheria. Over the last half century, the Empetraceae have usually been separated from, but closely associated with, the Ericaceae. In their ecology, leaf morphology and insertion
, rusts, embryology, stamen anatomy, etc.
, they largely agree with that family
. Molecular data place Empetrum and its relatives firmly within the Ericaceae, and in particular within the subfamily
Ericoideae, in agreement with phytochemical and palynological data, and there they are best recognized as a separate tribe
. There are distinctive features of the Empetreae that were responsible for their past familial status, e.g.
, reduced perianth with separate members
, low ovule number, enlarged stigmas, etc. However, these are likely to be derived features associated with wind pollination. See Kron et al.
(Bot. Rev. 68: 335 423. 2002) and the recent treatment of the Ericaceae by Stevens et al. (in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 6: 145 194. 2004) .
Several genera and many species are ornamentals
. Some fruits of Vaccinium in N China are sweet and edible, but of no particular value to humans. Some species of Chamaedaphne, Craibiodendron, Leucothoë, Lyonia, Pieris, and Rhododendron contain more or less toxic
diterpenes, which are harmful to humans or domestic animals.[1]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Ericanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Ericales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Ericaceae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- éricacées, heaths
- Subfamily:
Arbutoideae
()
- Genus:
Arctostaphylos
()
- Adanson, 1763, nom. cons.
- Specific epithet:
columbiana
- P.V. Wells
- Subspecies:
nortensis
- Botanical name: - Arctostaphylos columbiana nortensis P.V. Wells
- Subspecies:
nortensis
- Specific epithet:
columbiana
- P.V. Wells
- Genus:
Arctostaphylos
(
- Subfamily:
Arbutoideae
(
- Family:
Ericaceae
(
- Order:
Ericales
(
- Superorder:
Ericanae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: October 17,
2001.
Place of publication
: C.
V. Piper & R. K
. Beattie, Fl.
n.w. coast
279. 1915
Name verified on 31-May-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last
updated: 31-May-2006
Similar Species
Members of the genus Arctostaphylos
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 217 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. alpina (Alpine Bearberry) · A. alpina alpina (Alpine Bearberry) · A. alpina japonica (Alpine Bearberry) · A. andersonii (Santa Cruz Manzanita) · A. andersonii tridentata (Santa Cruz Manzanita) · A. auriculata (Mount Diablo Manzanita) · A. australis (Australian Manzanita) · A. bakeri (Baker's Manzanita) · A. bakeri sublaevis (Baker's Manzanita) · A. bakeri subsp. sublaevis (The Cedars Manzanita) · A. benitoensis (Benito Manzanita) · A. campbelliae (Campbell Manzanita) · A. canescens (Hoary Manzanita) · A. canescens sonomensis (Hoary Manzanita) · A. canescens subsp. sonomensis (Sonoma Manzanita) · A. catalinae (Santa Catalina Island Manzanita) · A. cinerea (Waldo Manzanita) · A. coloradensis (Colorado Manzanita) · A. columbiana (Bristly Manzanita) · A. columbiana nortensis (Hairy Manzanita) · A. columbiana subsp. nortensis (Bristly Manzanita) · A. confertiflora (Santa Rosa Island Manzanita) · A. crassifolia (Del Mar Manzanita) · A. cruzensis (Arroyo De La Cruz Manzanita) · A. densiflora (Vine Hill Manzanita) · A. densiflora 'Harmony' (Manzanita) · A. densiflora 'Howard Mcminn' (Vine Hill Manzanita) · A. densiflora 'Sentinel' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii (Little Sur Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Big Sur' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Carmel Sur' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Danville' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Indian Hill' (Manzanita) · A. edmundsii 'Little Sur' (Manzanita) · A. gabrielensis (San Gabriel Manzanita) · A. glandulosa adamsii (Eastwood Manzanita) · A. glandulosa crassifolia (Eastwood Manzanita) · A. glandulosa glaucomollis (Eastwood Manzanita) · A. glandulosa mollis (Eastwood's Manzanita) · A. glandulosa var. zacaensis 'San Marcos' (Manzanita) · A. glandulosa zacaensis (Eastwood's Manzanita) · A. glandulosa subsp. crassifolia (Del Mar Manzanita) · A. glandulosa subsp. glaucomollis (Eastwood's Manzanita) · A. glandulosa subsp. mollis (Eastwood's Manzanita) · A. glandulosa subsp. zacaensis (Zaca's Manzanita) · A. glauca (Big Berry Manzanita) · A. glauca 'Dwaine's Dwarf' (Manzanita) · A. glauca 'Frazier Park' (Mt. Pinos Manzanita) · A. glauca 'Los Angeles' (Santa Monica Big Berry Manzanita) · A. glauca 'Ramona' (Manzanita) · A. glutinosa (Schreiber's Manzanita) · A. helleri (Heller's Manzanita) · A. hispidula (Gasquet Manzanita) · A. hookeri (Bearberry) · A. hookeri franciscana (Franciscan Manzanita) · A. hookeri hearstiorum (Hearst's Manzanita) · A. hookeri hookeri (Hooker's Manzanita) · A. hookeri montana (Hooker's Manzanita) · A. hookeri ravenii (Hooker's Manzanita) · A. hookeri var. franciscana 'Franciscana' (Franciscan Manzanita) · A. hookeri subsp. franciscana (Franciscan Manzanita) · A. hookeri subsp. hearstiorum (Hearst's Manzanita) · A. hookeri subsp. montana (Mt. Tamalpais Manzanita) · A. hookeri 'Monterey Carpet' (Monterey Pine Manzanita) · A. hookeri subsp. ravenii (Presidio Manzanita) · A. hookeri 'Wayside' (Manzanita Inner Monterey Manzanita) · A. hooveri (Hoover Manzanita) · A. imbricata (San Bruno Mountain Manzanita) · A. imbricata imbricata (San Bruno Mountain Manzanita) · A. insularis (Island Manzanita) · A. jepsonii (Jepson's Manzanita) · A. klamathensis (Klamath Manzanita) · A. laxiflora (Lazyflower Manzanita) · A. luciana (Santa Lucia Manzanita) · A. luciana 'Adelaide' (Santa Lucia Manzanita) · A. malloryi (Mallory's Manzanita) · A. manzanita (Common Manzanita) · A. manzanita glaucescens (Elegant Manzanita) · A. manzanita laevigata (Contra Costa Manzanita) · A. manzanita manzanita (Whiteleaf Manzanita) · A. manzanita roofii (Whiteleaf Manzanita) · A. manzanita wieslanderi (Whiteleaf Manzanita) · A. manzanita 'Dr. Hurd' (Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. elegans (Konocti Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. glaucescens (Whiteleaf Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. laevigata (Contra Costa Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. roofii (Roof's Manzanita) · A. manzanita subsp. wieslanderi (Wieslander's Manzanita) · A. media (Intermediate Manzanita) · A. mendocinoensis (Pygmy Manzanita) · A. mewukka (Indian Manzanita) · A. mewukka truei (Indian Manzanita) · A. mewukka subsp. truei (True's Manzanita) · A. montaraensis (Montara Manzanita) · A. montereyensis (Monterey Manzanita) · A. moranii (Moran's Manzanita) · A. morroensis (Morro Manzanita) · A. morroensis 'Park View' (Morro Manzanita) · A. myrtifolia (Ione Manzanita) · A. nevadensis (Hardy Manzanita)
More Info
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Further Reading
- Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
- Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. (F Pacif NW)
- Chou Yiliang & Zhou Ruichang. 1990. Pyrolaceae. In: Fang Wenpei & Hu Wenkuang, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 56: 157216
- Fang Rhuicheng, Yang Hanbi & Chin Tsenli. 1999. Ericaceae (1). In: Fang Rhuicheng, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 57(1): 1213
- Hsu Tingzhi, Gao Baochun, Fang Rhuicheng & Huang Shuhua. 1991. Ericaceae (3). In: Fang Rhuicheng, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 57(3): 1207
- Hu Wenkuang, Hu Lincheng, Fang Mingyuan & He Mingyou. 1994. Ericaceae (2). In: Hu Lincheng, Fang Mingyuan, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 57(2): 1438
- Ming Tien lu. 1980. Empetraceae. In: Cheng Mien & Ming Tien lu, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 6062.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 04, 2008)
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8278315
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-183554
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13900336
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:318635-2
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDERI04091
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3726362
Footnotes
- Mingyuan Fang, Ruizheng Fang, Mingyou He, Linzheng Hu, Hanbi Yang, Haining Qin, Tianlu Min, David F. Chamberlain, Peter Stevens, Gary D. Wallace & Arne Anderberg "Ericaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 242. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
