Arctostaphylos alpina (Alpine Bearberry)

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Alpine Bearberry, Alpine Manzanita, Mountain Bearberry

Description

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Family Ericaceae

Plants usually woody, or herbs, sometimes lacking chlorophyll. Leaves spiral , sometimes decussate, margin often toothed . Inflorescence racemose; bracteoles paired , basal. Flowers (4 or) 5-merous. Calyx imbricate. Corolla connate , imbricate. Stamens 10, sometimes with spurs or awns , dehiscing by pores , pollen in tetrads , rarely single. Ovary superior or inferior, placentation axile , rarely parietal , often many ovules per locule. Style ± as long as corolla, slender. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a drupe; calyx persistent.

About 125 genera and 4000 species: widely distributed in temperate and subarctic regions, also at high elevations in tropical regions ; 22 genera and 826 species (524 endemic) in China.

The Monotropoideae are here included in the Ericaceae; previously in FRPS (56: 157 216. 1990), they were treated as the Pyrolaceae. Chiogenes, recorded from China in FRPS (57(3) : 69 71. 1991), is here included in Gaultheria. Over the last half century, the Empetraceae have usually been separated from, but closely associated with, the Ericaceae. In their ecology, leaf morphology and insertion , rusts, embryology, stamen anatomy, etc. , they largely agree with that family . Molecular data place Empetrum and its relatives firmly within the Ericaceae, and in particular within the subfamily Ericoideae, in agreement with phytochemical and palynological data, and there they are best recognized as a separate tribe . There are distinctive features of the Empetreae that were responsible for their past familial status, e.g. , reduced perianth with separate members , low ovule number, enlarged stigmas, etc. However, these are likely to be derived features associated with wind pollination. See Kron et al. (Bot. Rev. 68: 335 423. 2002) and the recent treatment of the Ericaceae by Stevens et al. (in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 6: 145 194. 2004) .

Several genera and many species are ornamentals . Some fruits of Vaccinium in N China are sweet and edible, but of no particular value to humans. Some species of Chamaedaphne, Craibiodendron, Leucothoë, Lyonia, Pieris, and Rhododendron contain more or less toxic diterpenes, which are harmful to humans or domestic animals.[1]

Physical Description

Habit: Shrub

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May. • Flower Color: near white, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: under 6" tall.

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 4.5 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 1. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Asteridae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Ericanae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Ericales () - Dumortier, 1829
        Family: Ericaceae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons. - éricacées, heaths
        Subfamily: Arbutoideae ()
        Genus: Arctostaphylos () - Adanson, 1763, nom. cons.
        Specific epithet: alpina - (L.) Spreng.
        Botanical name: - Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.

Synonyms

Arbutus alpina L. • Arctous alpina (L.) Niedenzu • Mairania alpina (L.) Desv.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 10-Apr-2007

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Arctostaphylos

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 217 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 28, 2007:

Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
, Vascular Plant Herbarium
Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3890001
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-23469
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14156414
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326541-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 410669
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 23469
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 17730-2
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDERI04020
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ARAL2
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19488

Footnotes

Mingyuan Fang, Ruizheng Fang, Mingyou He, Linzheng Hu, Hanbi Yang, Haining Qin, Tianlu Min, David F. Chamberlain, Peter Stevens, Gary D. Wallace & Arne Anderberg "Ericaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 242. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

Arctostaphylos alpina

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Ericaceae

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

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Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Arctostaphylos

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Footnotes