Arctium lappa

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Arctium

Biennials or (monocarpic ) perennials, 50-300 cm; herbage not spiny . Stems erect , openly branched, branches ascending . Leaves basal and cauline; long-petiolate; gradually smaller distally; blade margins entire or dentate (pinnately lobed or dissected ), faces abaxially resin-gland-dotted, adaxially often tomentose . Heads discoid , in leafy-bracted racemiform to paniculiform or corymbiform arrays. ( Peduncles 0 or 1-9 cm.) Involucres spheric to ovoid . Phyllaries many in 9-17 series, outer and mid narrowly linear . bases appressed , margins entire. apices stiffly radiating, hooked-spiny tipped, inner linear, ascending or erect, straight tipped. Receptacles ± flat, epaleate, bearing subulate scales . Florets (5-) 20-40+; corollas pink to ± purple, glabrous or glandular-puberulent, tubes elongate . throats campanulate . lobes narrowly triangular, ± equal; anther bases tailed , apical appendages ovate , obtuse to acute; style branches: fused portions distally hairy-ringed, distinct portions oblong , acute or obtuse . Cypselae obovoid . ± compressed , rough or ribbed , glabrous, attachment scars basal; pappi falling, of many bristles in 2-4 series . x = 18.

Species 10: introduced ; Eurasia , n Africa, widely introduced worldwide.

At maturity the dry heads of Arctium species are readily caducous with the enclosed cypselae, and the hooked phyllary tips cling easily to fur or fabrics. Animal dispersal is a major factor in the spread of burdock species across North America. The burs are a major problem when they become entangled in the wool of sheep and fur of dogs and other animals.

Published chromosome reports for Arctium other than n = 18 are probably in error because of difficulty in interpretation of somatic chromosomes (R. J. Moore and C. Frankton 1974).[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Waste places, roadsides, fields , forest clearings; 0-2200 m (Ref. 51656).

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,631 meters (0 to 8,632 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Biennial

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Arundinaria japonica Sieb. & Zucc. Ex Steud. • Lappa Lappa • Sasa japonica (Sieb. & Zucc. Ex Steud.) Makino

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: SANBI, New Zealand Plant Name Database, Flora Malesiana, Flora of Korea, Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Flora of China Checklist, Tropicos, Euro+Med, Vietnam Flora, New South Wales Flora Online. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:064F5669-8F83-4377-AE71-60BABA4EB805

Last scrutiny: 12-Nov-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Arctium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 16 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. lappa (Beggars Buttons) · A. lappa majus (Edible Burdock) · A. lappa 'Chiko' (Beggars Buttons) · A. lappa 'Ha Gobo' (Edible Burdock) · A. lappa 'Shirohada' (Vegetable Burdock) · A. lappa 'Takinogawa' (Edible Burdock) · A. lappa 'Takinogawa Long' (Beggars Buttons) · A. lappa 'Watanabe Early' (Edible Burdock) · A. minus (Bardane) · A. mixtum (Burrdock) · A. nemorosum (Wood Burdock) · A. nothum (Burrdock) · A. tomentosum (Woolly Burdock) · A. vulgare (European Burdock) · A. x mixtum (Burrdock) · A. x nothum (Burrdock)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, GEO Biodiversity Day
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657963
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-868
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5304283
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:178386-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 3857
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36545
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST0M010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LAMA13
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 21134

Footnotes

1. David J. Keil "Arctium". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 28, 58, 83, 168, 169. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 118.890 meters (390.059 feet), Standard Deviation = 175.190 based on 3,491 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.