Arabis hirsuta (Hairy Rockcress)

Overview

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Hairy rockcress. <em>Arabis hirsuta</em>

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Hairy Rockcress, Hairy Rock Cress, Western Hairy Rock-Cress

Common Names in Romanian:

Gâscariţă

Description

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Genus Arabis

Herbs annual , biennial, or perennial , rarely subshrubs or shrubs . Trichomes stellate , dendritic , or stalked forked , sometimes mixed with fewer simple ones, rarely primarily simple. Stems simple or branched apically. Basal leaves petiolate , rosulate, simple, often entire, sometimes dentate , rarely lyrate-pinnatifid. Cauline leaves sessile and auriculate , sagittate , or amplexicaul , very rarely petiolate, entire or dentate. Racemes ebracteate or rarely bracteate throughout or only basally, sometimes in panicles, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels erect , ascending , divaricate , or reflexed . Sepals ovate or oblong , base of lateral pair saccate or not, margin membranous. Petals white, pink, or purple; blade spatulate , oblong, or oblanceolate , rarely obovate , apex obtuse or emarginate ; claw shorter than sepals. Stamens 6, tetradynamous ; filaments usually not dilated at base; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear , obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent , subtending bases of all stamens; median glands sometimes toothlike and free , rarely absent; lateral glands semiannular or annular . Ovules 12-110 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear, latiseptate , sessile or rarely shortly stipitate ; valves papery , with an obscure or prominent midvein , smooth or torulose ; replum rounded ; septum complete , membranous, translucent , veinless; style obsolete or distinct ; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate or biseriate , winged or margined , oblong or orbicular , flattened; seed coat smooth or minutely reticulate , not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent .

About 70 species: temperate Asia, Europe, North America; 14 species (one endemic) in China.

The limits of Arabis are highly artificial, and the genus is defined primarily on the basis of having branched trichomes, flattened, linear fruit, and accumbent cotyledons . However, this combination of characters has evolved independently several times in the Brassicaceae. A critical study of the genus on worldwide basis is much needed.[1]

Physical Description

Species Arabis hirsuta

Herbs perennial or sometimes biennial, (4-) 10-80(-110) cm tall, usually densely hispid , with simple and stalked , forked or substellate trichomes . Stems erect , usually simple basally, often branched above. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole (0.5-) 1-2 cm; leaf blade spatulate , oblanceolate , or oblong , (1.5-) 2.5-8(-10) × (0.5-) 1-2.5 cm, pubescent , margin entire, repand , or dentate , apex obtuse or acute. Cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate, oblong, oblanceolate, or ovate , (1-) 1.5-5(-7) × (0.5-) 1-2 cm, hirsute on both surfaces or adaxially glabrescent , base subcordate or auriculate and with obtuse or subacute auricles , margin dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse. Racemes ebracteate . Fruiting pedicels erect to erect-ascending, (2-) 3-10(-15) mm, slender, glabrous or sparsely hirsute. Sepals narrowly oblong, 2.5-4 × 0.5-1.2 mm, not saccate . Petals white, rarely pink or purplish, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, rarely linear , (3.5-) 4-5 × 1-1.5 mm, apex obtuse. Filaments slender, 2.5-4.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7-1 mm. Ovules 30-80 per ovary. Fruit linear, (1.5-) 2-5.5(-7) cm × 0.8-1.2 mm, erect to erect-ascending, often subappressed to rachis, flattened; valves glabrous, torulose , with a prominent midvein extending full length ; style (0.1-) 0.3-0.8(-1) mm. Seeds brown, oblong or suborbicular , (0.8-) 1-1.5(-1.7) × 0.8-1.3 mm, uniseriate , wingless, narrowly winged all around, or winged distally. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 32. [source]

A highly variable species, especially in spacing, shape , texture , base, and margin of cauline leaves, flower color, petal size, and density of indumentum. Many of the variants have been recognized at specific and infraspecific ranks . However, since the variation in China does not follow consistent morphological and/or geographical patterns , it is better to recognize only one variable taxon . [source]

The records in FRPS and Fl. Xinjiang. (2(2) : 142. 1995) of Arabis borealis Andrzejowski from Xinjiang, as well as those in FRPS and Fl. Guizhou. (7: 30. 1989) of A. sagittata de Candolle from Guizhou, are based on misidentified plants of A. hirsuta. Typical plants of A. sagittata are diploid (2n = 16) biennials with strongly sagittate cauline leaves, whereas those of A. hirsuta are tetraploid perennials or occasionally biennials with auriculate or subcordate cauline leaves. However, the distinction between the two is often difficult, especially in biennial plants of A. hirsuta. The present authors have examined no Chinese material that belongs to either A. borealis or A. sagittata. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Habitat

Meadows, grassy slopes , roadsides, mixed forests ; 300-4000 m (Ref. 51778).

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,246 meters (0 to 7,369 feet).[2]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Biennial, Perennial

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Ranunculanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Brassicales () - Bromhead, 1838
        Family: Cruciferae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons., nom. alt.
        Tribe: Arabideae ()
        Genus: Arabis () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Rockcress
        Specific epithet: hirsuta - (L.) Scop.
        Botanical name: - Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.

Synonyms

A. hirsuta var. purpurea Y. C. Lan & T. Y. Cheo • A. sagittata de Candolle Var. nipponica Franchet & Savatier. • Arabis hirsuta var. nipponica (Franchet & Savatier) C. C. Yuan & T. Y. Cheo • Erysimum Hirsutum • Erysimum hirsutum (L.) Kuntze • Turrita Hirsuta • Turrita hirsuta (L.) Bubani • Turritis hirsuta L. • Turritis hirsuta Linnaeus

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Arabis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 227 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Flora of Derbyshire: flowering plants, higher cryptogams, mosses and hepatics, Characeae. London, Bemrose & Sons Ltd., 1903. url p. 11, p. 16.
Flora of Guernsey and the lesser Channel Islands: namely, Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, and the adjacent islets. London, Dulau, 1901. url p. 352, p. 50.
Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 505.
Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 490.
Flora of Lancaster County: being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania / by John Kunkel Small and Joel Jackson Carter. New York: The authors, 1913. url p. 138.
Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, by L. L. Dame and F. S. Collins. Malden, Middlesex Institute, 1888. url p. 6, p. 6.
Flora of Middlesex: a topographical and historical account of the plants found in the county: with sketches of its Physical Geography and climate and of the progress of Middlesex Botany during the last three centuries. London, R. Hardwicke1869. url , p. 349.
Flora of Middlesex; a topographical and historical account of the plants found in the county; with sketches of its physical geography and climate, and of the progress of Middlesex botany during the last three centuries, by Henry Trimen and William T. Thiselton Dyer. With a map. London, Robert Hardwicke, 1869. url p. 347.
Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb.[c1912] url .
Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 73.
Flora of Pennsylvania, Boston, Ginn & Company, 1903. url .
Flora of Pennsylvania. Edited with the addition of analytical keys by John Kunkel Small. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1903. url p. 155.
Flora of Plymouth: an account of the flowering plants and ferns found within twelve miles of the town; history of local botanical investigation. London, J. Van Voorst, 1880. url p. 24, p. 404.
Flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: New Era, 1914. url p. 116.
Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island: with many references to Alaska and northern species / by Joseph Kaye Henry. Toronto: W.J. Gage, c1915. url p. 149.
Flora of the Bristol coal-field. Edited (for the Bristol Naturalists' Society) by James Walter White. .. Bristol, J. Fawn & Son [etc.]1881-[86] url p. 15.
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Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 359, p. 59, p. 63, p. 68.
Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url .
Flora of the Yellowstone National Park / by Frank Tweedy. Washington, D.C.: Published by the author, 1886. url p. 27, p. 27.
Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url .
Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 170.
Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 1324, p. 483, p. 483, p. 484.
Flora of the southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1914. url .
Flora of the southern United States, containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida; arranged according to the natural system by A.W. Chapman. New York, American Book Company[1897] url p. 27.
Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 293.
Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. url p. 293.
Flora vectensis: being a systematic description of the phænogamous or flowering plants and ferns indigenous to the Isle of Wight. London, W. Pamplin, 1856. url .
Flowers of field, hill, and swamp; New York, Harper & Brothers, 1899. url .
Flowers of the field. Rev. throughout and edited by Clarence Elliott. With an appendix including the Pipe-wort tribe (Eriocauleae) the Sedge tribe (Cyperaceae) and the Grass tribe (Gramineae) LondonG. Routledge[n.d.] url p. 25.
Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 393.
Gardening for beginners; a handbook to the garden, by E.T. Cook. [London]"Country Life" [etc., 1914] url .
Gray's school and field book of botany, consisting of "Lessons in botany, " and "Field, forest, and garden botany, " bound in one volume / by Asa Gray... New York: American Book co., [1887] url p. 54.
Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 248, p. 250.
Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 111.
Handbook of the British flora: a description of the flowering plants and ferns indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British Isles. For the use of beginners and amateurs. By George Bentham. London: L. Reeve & Co., 1920. url p. 29, p. 31.
Handbook of the Torquay flora; comprising the flowering plants and ferns growing in and around Torquay, with their respective habitats. By Robert Stewart, M.R.C.S. London, E. Croydon, Royal Library;1860. url p. 8.
Handbook of the flora of Philadelphia and vicinity, containing data relating to the plants within the following radius: eastern Pennsylvania; all of New Jersey except the northern counties; and New Castle County, Delaware, with keys for identification comp. by Ida A. Keller and Stewardson Brown. Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, 1905. url p. 164.
Handbook to Bath; prepared on the occasion of the visit of the British Association, 1888. Bath, I. Pitman and Sons, 1888. url .
Hardwicke's science-gossip: an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866- url p. 169, p. 212, p. 216, p. 30, p. 59, p. 62.
Harper's guide to wild flowers, by Mrs. Caroline A. Creevey. New York, Harper, 1912. url p. 489, p. 81.
Harriman Alaska series. City of Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1910-1914. url p. 35.
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Hooker, W. J. Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America: compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London, ) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /by Sir William Jackson Hooker. 1 1840 London, H.G. Bohn [1829]-1840. url p. 40.
How to find and name wild flowers; being a new method of observing and identifying upwards of 1, 200 species of flowering plants in the British isles; with an introduction by F.E. hulme. .. illustrated by the author, and with four autochrome plates by H. Essenhigh Corke. .. London, Cassell[1906-1930] url p. 181.
How to know the wild flowers: a guide to the names, haunts, and habits of our common wild flowers / by Mrs. William Starr Dana [i.e. F.T.S.D. Parsons]; illustrated by Marion Satterlee and Elsie Louise Shaw. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1913. url p. 12, p. 333.
Humboldt; Monatsschrift für die gesamten Naturwissenschaften. Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1882-90. url p. 202.
Illustrations of the British flora: a series of wood engravings, with dissections, of British plants. London, L. Reeve, 1919. url .
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Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates / London: Macmillan, 1911. url p. 514, p. 549.
Island life; or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates, by Alfred Russel Wallace. London, Macmillan, 1880. url p. 549.
Johnson's Gardeners' dictionary and cultural instructor. London, A. T. De La Mare printing and publishing co., ltd.[1916] url p. 883.
Journal and proceedings of the Hamilton Association. [Hamilton, Ont.]: Printed for the Hamilton Association by the Spector Printing Co., [1884]-1899. url p. 97.
Journal of agricultural research. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1913-1949.. url p. 745, p. 747, p. 748, p. 756.
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Journal of botany: being a second series of the Botanical miscellany. 1 1834 London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman; Edinburgh: A. & C. Black, 1834-1842. url p. 191.
Journal of ethnobiology. 19 1999 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 208.
Key and flora, northern and central states. Boston, Ginn, [1908] url p. 106.
Lake Maxinkuckee. A physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. [Indianapolis]Dept. of Conservation, State of Indiana [Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 319.
Lake Maxinkuckee. a physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. [Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 319.
Lake Maxinkuckee: a physical and biological survey / by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. Indianapolis: Dept. of Conservation, 1920. url p. 319.
Life and letters of Alexander Goodman More, F.R.S.E., F.L.S., M.R.I.A., with selections from his zoological and botanical writings; ed. by C.B. Moffat, B.A., with a preface by Frances M. More. Dublin, Hodges, Figgis & co. (ltd.)1898. url p. 507, p. 509, p. 510, p. 527, p. 545, p. 546, p. 60.
List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 174.
Magazine of zoology and botany. Edinburgh; Dublin. url p. 528.
Manual of British botany, containing the flowering plants and ferns. Arranged according to the natural orders. London, J. Van Voorst, 1856. url .
Manual of British botany: containing the flowering plants and ferns arranged according to the natural orders / by Charles Cardale Babington. London: John Van Voorst, 1856. url p. 23.
Manual of the New Zealand flora. By T. F. Cheeseman. .. Wellington, N. Z., J. Mackay, Govt. Printer, 1906. url p. 1064.
Manual of the botany of the northern United States: including the district east of the Mississippi, and north of North Carolina and Tennessee / New York: American Book Company, c1889. url p. 66.
Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 463, p. 464.
Manual of the natural history, geology and physics of Greenland and the neighbouring regions / prepared for the use of the Arctic expedition of 1875, under the direction of the Arctic Committee of the London: Printed for H.M.S.O., 1875. url , .
Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 388.
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Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 5 1893 - 18 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 174.
Michigan flora. Prepared for the thirtieth annual report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, by W. J. Beal and C. F. Wheeler. Lansing: R. Smith & co., printers, 1892 url .
Midland naturalist. London: Hardwicke and Bogue, 1878- url p. 128, p. 210, p. 253.
Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url , p. 1016, p. 970.
Miyabe-festschrift, or A collection of botanical papers presented to Prof. Dr. Kingo Miyabe on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of his academic service by his friends and pupils. Tokio, Rokumeikwan, 1911. url p. 322.
Mountain wild flowers of America: a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds / by Julia W. Henshaw. Boston: Ginn, 1906. url p. 16, p. 377.
Mountain wild flowers of America; a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds, by Julia W. Henshaw. Boston, Ginn, 1906. url p. 377, p. 377.
Mountain wild flowers of Canada; a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds, Julia W. Henshaw. Toronto, Briggs, 1906. url p. 377.
Narrative of an expedition through the upper Mississippi to Itasca Lake, the actual source of this river embracing an exploratory trip through the St. Croix and Burntwood (or Broule) rivers in 1832, under the direction of Henry R. Schoolcraft. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1834. url .
Narrative of the expedition of an American squadron to the China Seas and Japan: performed in the years 1852, 1853, and 1854, under the command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy, by order of the Government of the United States / Compiled from the original notes and journals of Commodore Perry and his officers, at his request, and under his supervision, by Francis L. Hawks. Washington: Beverley Tucker, printer, 1856. url , p. 307.
National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 31.
Natural history of New York. Albany: D. Appleton: 1842-1894. url p. 53.
Natural history of the district. .., together with a geological account of the rock strata, and the fossils contained in them, Part II [in The Teignmouth, Dawlish, and Torquay Guide., , , by N. T. Carrington] Teignmouth, E. Croydon, 1830. url .
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Nature's garden: an aid to knowledge of our wild flowers and their insect visitors / text by Neltje Blanchan; with colored plates and many other illustratins potographed directly form nature by Henry Troth and A. R. Dugmore. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1900. url p. 401.
Nature's garden; an aid to knowledge of our wild flowers and their insect visitors. With colored plates and many other illus. photographed directly from nature by Henry Troth and A. R. Dugmore. Text by Neltje Blanchan [pseud.] 1922 Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1922. url p. 192, index of scientific names, page 401.
New manual of botany of the central Rocky mountains (vascular plants) Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1909] url .
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Notes on the flora of Connecticut / [prepared by A.W. Driggs]. [Hartford]: State Board of Education, 1901. url p. 15.
Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 9 1999 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 306, p. 382.
Observations of a naturalist in the Pacific between 1896 and 1899 / by H.B. Guppy. London: Macmillan and Co., 1903-1906. url p. 568, p. 608.
On the fauna and flora of the west of Scotland. Meeting at Glasgow, September, 1876. Glasgow, Blackie, 1876 url p. 56.
Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) by Robert Greenleaf Leavitt. .. prepared at the request of the Botanical Department of Harvard University. New York, American Book Co.[1901] url p. 66.
Physiographical sketch of that portion of the Rocky Mountain Range: at the head waters of South Clear Creek and east of Middle Park: with an enumeration of the plants collected in this district in the summer months of 1861 /by C.C. Parry. 1862 New Haven: s.n., 1862? url p. 14.
Phytogeography of Nebraska. 1. General survey by Roscoe Pound and Frederic E. Clements. Lincoln, Neb.Published by the Seminar1900 url p. 419, p. 71.
Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 273.
Plantae Fendlerianae Novi-Mexicanae: an account of a collection of plants made chiefly in the vicinity of Santa Fe? New Mexico, by Augustus Fendler /with descriptions of the new species, critical remarks and characters of other undescribed or little known plants from surrounding regions by Asa Gray. 1848 Boston, 1848 url p. 7.
Popular field botany; containing a familiar and technical description of the plants most common to the various localities of the British Isles, adapted to the study of either the artificial or natural systems. London, Reeve, Benham & Reeve, 1849. url , p. 105.
Postelsia: the year book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. St. Paul, Minn.: Pioneer Press, 1902-1906. url , , p. 110, p. 110.
Practical guide to the wild flowers and fruits by George Lincoln Walton. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1909. url p. 97.
Preliminary report of explorations in Nebraska and Dakota, in the years 1855-'56-'57, by Lieut. G.K. Warren, Topographical Engineers. .. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1875. url p. 111.
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Proceedings and transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society. London, British Entomological and Natural History Society. url p. 57.
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Rare plant inventory and plant community descriptions of the Sweet Grass Hills, Proposed Area of Critical Environmental Concern (PACEC), Toole and Liberty Counties, Montana / prepared for United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management; prepared by Western Technology and Engineering, Inc. in cooperation with Montana Natural Heritage Program. Helena, MT: Western Technology and Engineering, Inc., [1989] url .
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Report on the herbaceous flowering plants of Massachusetts, arranged according to the natural orders of Lindley, and illustrated chiefly by popular descriptions of their character, properties, and use Pub. agreeably to an order of the Legislature, by the commissioners on the zoological and botanical survey of the state. Cambridge, Folsom, Wells, and Thurston, Printers to the University, 1840. url p. 38.
Report. Victoria, B.C. url p. 14, p. 21, p. 39.
Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 41, p. 41, p. 56, p. 56, p. 65.
Reports of the Survey. Botanical series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892- url p. 267, p. 680, p. 681, p. 727.
Reports on the herbaceous plants and on the quadrupeds of Massachusetts: published agreeably to an order of the Legislature by the Commissioners on the Zoological and Botanical Survey of the State. Cambridge: Folsom, Wells, and Thurston, 1840. url p. 38.
Rhopalocera nihonica: a description of the butterflies of Japan. By H. Pryer. Yokohama, Office of the "Japan mail": pub. by the author[1886-89] url p. 6.
Rocky mountain flowers; an illustrated guide for plantlovers and plant-users; with twenty-five plates in color and twenty-one plates in black and white [by] Frederic Edward Clements...and Edith Schwartz Clements... 1914 New York city, the H.W. Wilson company, 1914. url p. 18.
Science-gossip. Berlin: R. Friedländer & Sohn, [1894]-1902. url p. 290.
Seeds handbook for agriculture, horticulture and forestry, with a key for the identification of the important agricultural seeds = Handbuch der Samenkunde für Landwirtschaft, Gartenbau und Forstwirtschaft, mit einem Schlussel zur Bestimmung der wichtigsten landwirtschaftlichen Samen / Walther Brouwen and Adolf Stahlin. [S.l.: s.n.], 1980. url p. 46.
Seemann, B. The botany of the voyage of H.M.S. Herald: under the command of Captain Henry Kellett, R.N., C.B., during the years 1845-51 /by Berthold Seemann. 1852-1857 London: Lovell Reeve, 1852-1857. url p. 436, p. 51.
Sensitive plant survey in the Sweetgrass Hills, Liberty and Toole Counties, Montana / prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994] url p. 18, p. 19.
Sensitive plant survey in the Tendoy Mountains, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst and Peter Lesica; prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Butte District. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url .
Sensitive plant survey of the Sage Creek Area, Beaverhead County, Montana, Dillon Resource Area, Bureau of Land Management / prepared by Peter Lesica and Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for USDI Bureau of Land Management, Butte District. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1995] url p. 38.
Sensitive plant survey of the Tendoy Mountains, in the Beaverhead National Forest, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for United States Forest Service, Beaverhead National Forest. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1995] url p. 63.
Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 1324.
Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 15 1878 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 448, p. 50, p. 74.
Sources of the Ohio flora, by A.D. Selby and J.W.T. Duvel. Columbus, 1899 url p. 43.
Special papers / Ohio Academy of Sciences. Columbus, Ohio: The Academy, 1899-1929. url p. 90.
Species and varieties; their origin by mutation. Lectures delivered at the University of California by Hugo De Vries. Edited by Daniel Trembly MacDougal. Chicago, K. Paul, Trench, Truber, 1906 [c1904] url p. 126.
Sport in Norway, and where to find it. Together with a short account of the vegetable productions of the country. To which is added, a list of the Alpine flora of the Dovre fjeld and of the Norwegian ferns, &c. By M. R. Barnard. .. London, Chapman and Hall, 1864. url p. 279.
Spring flora of the Wasatch region / by A.O. Garrett. Salt Lake City: Skelton Publishing, 1911. url p. 33.
Students' handbook to accompany Plants and their uses / by Frederick Leroy Sargent. New York: Henry Holt, 1914. url .
Sub-alpine plants: or, Flowers of the Swiss woods and meadows / by H. Stuart Thompson; with 33 coloured plates (168 figures) by George Flemwell. London: Dutton, 1912. url p. 72.
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Synoptical flora of North America. New York, American Book Company, 1878-1895/97 [v.2, pt. 1, 1878] url p. 162, p. 470, p. 470.
The American botanist and florist: including lessons in the structure, life, and growth of plants; together with a simple analytical flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in the Atlantic division of the America By Alphonso Wood. .. Chicago, A. S. Barnes & Company, 1873 [c1870] url p. 37.
The American journal of science and arts. New-Haven: S. Converse, url p. 49.
The American journal of science. 33 1862 New Haven, Kline Geology Laboratory, Yale University. url p. 243, p. 49, p. 73.
The American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame. url p. 100, p. 236, p. 39, p. 412, p. 80.
The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 14, p. 340, p. 340, p. 473.
The Annals of Scottish natural history. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1892-1911. url p. 121, p. 121, p. 126, p. 126, p. 168, p. 171, p. 226, p. 226, p. 231, p. 247, p. 35, p. 38, p. 38, p. 38, p. 45.
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The British nature book; a complete handbook and guide to British nature study, embracing the mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, insects, plants, etc., in the United Kingdom, by S.N. Sedgwick. .. Edinburgh, T.C. & E.C. Jack, Ltd., 1922. url p. 442.
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VII.
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Contributors

"Arabis hirsuta". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 116. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Brassicaceae species checklist and database. Release date: December 10, 2009
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 11, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 9 providers.
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Botany
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Herbarium of Oskarshamn
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Lund Botanical Museum
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Plants
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3889999
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Mus-383
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4494338
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:278269-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 414101
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 184344
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 278268-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBRA060U0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ARHI
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 21919

Footnotes

"Arabis". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 113. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 161.720 meters (530.577 feet), Standard Deviation = 208.090 based on 3,659 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Arabis hirsuta

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Genus Arabis

Physical Description

Species Arabis hirsuta

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Similar Species

Members of the genus Arabis

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