Aquilegia flavescens

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Aquilegia

Herbs, perennial , from slender woody rhizomes. Leaves basal and cauline, proximal leaves petiolate , distal leaves sessile; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade 1-3×-ternately compound , leaflets lobed or parted , margins crenate . Inflorescences terminal , 1-10-flowered cymes or solitary flowers, to 30 cm; bracts leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual , radially symmetric ; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5, white to blue, yellow, or red, plane , narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, short-clawed, 7-51 mm; petals 5, distinct , white to blue, yellow, or red, oblong to rounded or spatulate blade, 0-30 mm, base backward-pointing tubular spur, apex plane; nectary in ± enlarged tip of spur; stamens many; filaments filiform ; scalelike staminodes usually present between stamens and pistils; pistils 5-10, simple ; ovules many per pistil; beak present. Fruits follicles, aggregate, sessile, cylindric , sides prominently veined; beak terminal, straight, 3-26 mm. Seeds black, obovoid , smooth . x = 7.

Species ca. 70: circumboreal .

Species of Aquilegia are polymorphic and difficult to define adequately. Some of the variability is because of introgressive hybridization . Even distantly related species of columbine are often freely interfertile , and many cases of natural hybridization and introgression are known from North America. Only the most important are mentioned below. In arid areas Aquilegia species tend to form small populations often completely isolated from one another. This leads to local fixation of genes and therefore increased variability in species such as A. micrantha and A. desertorum. In addition, populations with spurless petals are occasionally found in many species.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Moist mountain meadows and alpine slopes ; 1300-3500 m [3].

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 3-6" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Aquilegia coerulea E.James var. flavescens (S.Watson) G.Lawson • Aquilegia flavescens var. miniana J. F. Macbride &amp Payson

Notes

Publishing author : S.Watson Publication : Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 10 1871

Similar Species

Members of the genus Aquilegia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 173 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. alpina (Alpine Columbine) · A. alpina 'Alba' (Alpine Columbine) · A. atrata (Dark Columbine) · A. atrovinosa (Columbine) · A. barbaricina (Barbaricina Colombine) · A. barnebyi (Barneby's Columbine) · A. bertolonii (Apennines Columbine) · A. brevistyla (Small-Flower Columbine) · A. buergeriana 'Calimero' (Calimero Columbine) · A. caerulea (Colorado Blue Columbine) · A. caerulea var. alpina (Colorado Alpine Columbine) · A. caerulea var. caerulea (Colorado Blue Columbine) · A. caerulea var. daileyae (Dailey's Columbine) · A. caerulea var. ochroleuca (White Colorado Columbine) · A. caerulea var. pinetorum (Colorado Blue Columbine) · A. caerulea 'Sahasrara' (Rocky Mountain Columbine) · A. canadensis (American Columbine) · A. canadensis var. formosa (Wild Columbine) · A. canadensis 'Corbett' (Dwarf Yellow Columbine) · A. canadensis 'Little Lanterns' (Canadian Columbine) · A. canadensis 'Nana' (Canadian Columbine) · A. chrysantha (Golden Columbine) · A. chrysantha var. chaplinei (Chaplins Golden Columbine) · A. chrysantha var. chaplinei 'Little Treasure' (Chaplins Golden Columbine) · A. chrysantha var. chrysantha (Golden Columbine) · A. chrysantha var. hinckleyana (Hinckley's Columbine) · A. chrysantha var. rydbergii (Golden Columbine) · A. chrysantha 'Denver Gold' (Columbine) · A. chrysantha 'Flore Pleno' (Yellow Columbine) · A. chrysantha 'Yellow Star' (Yellow Columbine) · A. desertorum (Arizona Columbine) · A. ecalcarata (Paraquilegia) · A. ecalcarata 'Flore Pleno' (Paraquilegia) · A. elegantula (Western Red Columbine) · A. eximia (Serpentine Columbine) · A. flabellata (Fan Columbine) · A. flabellata f. kurilensis 'Rosea' (Dwarf Fan Columbine) · A. flabellata var. pumila (Dwarf Fan Columbine) · A. flabellata var. pumila 'Alba' (White Dwarf Fan Columbine) · A. flabellata var. pumila 'Silver Edge' (Dwarf Fan Columbine) · A. flabellata 'Alba' (Dwarf Fan Columbine) · A. flabellata 'Blue Angel' (Japanese Fan Columbine) · A. flabellata 'Cameo' (Fan Columbine) · A. flabellata 'Cameo Mix' (Cameo Pink Columbine) · A. flabellata 'Verna Alba' (Fan Columbine) · A. flavescens (Crimson Columbine) · A. flavescens var. flavescens (Yellow Columbine) · A. flavescens var. miniata (Yellow Columbine) · A. flavescens var. rubicunda (Yellow Columbine) · A. formosa (Columbine) · A. formosa var. formosa (Crimson Columbine) · A. fragrans (Fragrant Grannys Bonnet Aquilegia Fragrans) · A. glandulosa (Siberian Columbine) · A. grahamii (Graham's Columbine) · A. hinckleyana var. hinckleyana (Hinckley´s Columbine) · A. jonesii (Jones Columbine) · A. jonesii var. elatior (Blue Limestone Columbine) · A. jonesii var. jonesii (Jones' Columbine) · A. karelinii (Afghan Columbine) · A. laramiensis (Laramie Columbine) · A. longissima (Long-Spur Columbine) · A. micrantha (Bluff City Columbine) · A. micrantha var. mancosana (Mancos Columbine) · A. micrantha var. micrantha (Mancos Columbine) · A. nigricans (Bulgarian Columbine) · A. nuragica (Nuragica Columbine) · A. olympica (Columbine) · A. ottonis (Columbine) · A. Perfumed Garden Group (Columbine Perfumed Garden Group) · A. pubescens (Sierra Columbine) · A. pyrenaica (Pyrenees Columbine) · A. rockii (Columbine) · A. saximontana (Rocky Mountain Blue Columbine) · A. scopulorum (Blue Columbine) · A. scopulorum perpleaxans (Rock Columbine) · A. scopulorum var. calcarea (Utah Columbine) · A. scopulorum var. scopulorum (Utah Columbine) · A. sibirica (Siberian Columbine) · A. skinneri (Aquilegia) · A. skinneri 'Tequila Sunrise' (Aquilegia) · A. triternata (Chiricahua Mountain Columbine) · A. viridiflora (Green-Flowered Columbine Aquilegia Viridiflora) · A. viridiflora 'Chocolate Soldier' (Green-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris (Black Barlow Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. flore-pleno (Double European Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. oxysepala (Granny´s-Bonnet) · A. vulgaris var. plena 'Ruby Port' (Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Barlow Mix' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Black Barlow' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Blue Barlow' (Blue Barlow Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Christa Barlow' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Clematiflora Alba' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Firewheel' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Green Apples' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Nora Barlow' (Nora Barlow Clematis-Flowered Columbine Aquilegia Vulgaris Var. Stellata) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Nora Barlow White' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Pink and Purple Shades' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Rose Barlow' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine) · A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Royal Purple' (Clematis-Flowered Columbine)

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Further Reading

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• A manual of the flora of northern Idaho /Carl Epling and Joe Ewan. 1 1941 1941. url p. 27.
• Alpine flora of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Illustrated with water-colour drawings and photographs by Mrs. Charles Schäffer. New York, London, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1907. url , , , p. xvi.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 179, p. 184.
• Annual report. United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. 1st-12th, 1867-1878. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1867-83. url p. 477.
• Appendices A-E: terrestrial resources injury assessment report: upper Clark Fork River NPL sites. Helena?, Mont.: Dept. of Justice?, 1995 url .
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• Bibliographical index to North American botany; or, Citations of authorities for all the recorded indigenous and naturalized species of the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the synonymy. by Sereno Watson. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1878. url p. 7.
• Botany. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1871. url .
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• Bulletin / University of Montana. Missoula: University of Montana, 1901-1910. url p. 28.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 29 1902 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 146.
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• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url .
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• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 20 1917-1925 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 136, p. 137, p. 140, p. 141, p. 142, p. 143, p. 203, p. 204, p. 211, p. 246, p. 278, p. 279, p. 283, p. 340, p. 61.
• Contributions from the herbarium of the Geological Survey of Canada / by James M. Macoun. [Ottawa?: s.n.], 1894-1906. url p. 161.
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• Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 161.
• Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 279.
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• IX.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 01, 2008:

• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645547
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18737
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13730497
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:708888-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 316556
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18737
• MoBot NameID: 27100688
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDRAN050A0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AQFOF3 AQF
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19196

Footnotes

1. Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Alan T. Whittemore "Aquilegia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Aquilegia flavescens". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.