Aquilegia barnebyi (Barneby's Columbine)

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Barneby's Columbine, Oil Shale Columbine, Shale Columbine

Description

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Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Aquilegia

Herbs, perennial , from slender woody rhizomes. Leaves basal and cauline, proximal leaves petiolate , distal leaves sessile; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade 1-3×-ternately compound , leaflets lobed or parted , margins crenate . Inflorescences terminal , 1-10-flowered cymes or solitary flowers, to 30 cm; bracts leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual , radially symmetric ; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5, white to blue, yellow, or red, plane , narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, short-clawed, 7-51 mm; petals 5, distinct , white to blue, yellow, or red, oblong to rounded or spatulate blade, 0-30 mm, base backward-pointing tubular spur, apex plane; nectary in ± enlarged tip of spur; stamens many; filaments filiform ; scalelike staminodes usually present between stamens and pistils; pistils 5-10, simple ; ovules many per pistil; beak present. Fruits follicles, aggregate, sessile, cylindric , sides prominently veined; beak terminal, straight, 3-26 mm. Seeds black, obovoid , smooth . x = 7.

Species ca. 70: circumboreal .

Species of Aquilegia are polymorphic and difficult to define adequately. Some of the variability is because of introgressive hybridization . Even distantly related species of columbine are often freely interfertile , and many cases of natural hybridization and introgression are known from North America. Only the most important are mentioned below. In arid areas Aquilegia species tend to form small populations often completely isolated from one another. This leads to local fixation of genes and therefore increased variability in species such as A. micrantha and A. desertorum. In addition, populations with spurless petals are occasionally found in many species.[2]

Physical Description

Species Aquilegia barnebyi

Stems 30-80 cm. Basal leaves 2-3×-ternately compound , 5-30 cm, much shorter than stems; leaflets to 8-20 mm, glaucous on both sides, not viscid ; primary petiolules 17-34 mm (leaflets not crowded), glabrous . Flowers erect or nodding ; sepals perpendicular to floral axis, pink, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic , 10-18 × 5-7 mm, apex acute or acuminate; petals: spurs pink, straight, ± parallel, 14-27 mm, stout proximally, slender distally, evenly tapered from base , blades yellow or cream, oblong , 6-10 × 4-6 mm; stamens 11-16 mm. Follicles 18-25 mm; beak 8-12 mm. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: Cliff walls and talus slopes , usually on shale; 1500-2600 m. Aquilegia barnebyi is endemic to the Green River drainage . It is very similar to A. micrantha, and intermediate plants are found in Colorado (Ref. 51766).

• Flower Color: pale yellow

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 12-18" tall.

Habitat

Cliff walls and talus slopes , usually on shale; 1500-2600 m. Aquilegia barnebyi is endemic to the Green River drainage . It is very similar to A. micrantha, and intermediate plants are found in Colorado (Ref. 51766).

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Ranunculidae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Superorder: Ranunculanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Ranunculales () - Dumortier, 1829
        Family: Ranunculaceae () - Adans., 1763, nom. cons. - boutons d'or, buttercups
        Subfamily: Thalictroideae ()
        Tribe: Isopyreae ()
        Genus: Aquilegia () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Columbine [derivation disputed; possibly Greek aqua, water, and legere, to draw or collect, because of the wet habitat of some species or quantity of liquid nectar borne in spurs, or Latin aquila, eagle, because of similarity in shape of curved spurs of s
        Specific epithet: barnebyi - Munz
        Botanical name: - Aquilegia barnebyi Munz

Notes

Publishing author : Munz Publication : Leafl. W. Bot. v. 177 (1949).

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Aquilegia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 173 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2663979
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-184173
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729684
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:708814-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 424152
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 184173
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDRAN05010
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AQBA
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 21859

Footnotes

Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Alan T. Whittemore "Aquilegia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

Aquilegia barnebyi

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Ranunculaceae

Genus Aquilegia

Physical Description

Species Aquilegia barnebyi

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Aquilegia

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes