font settings and languages

Font Size: Large | Normal | Small
Font Face: Verdana | Geneva | Georgia
Languages:

ZipcodeZoo.com needs to raise another $12,000 in donations by January 1 to continue operation in 2009.
If we cannot meet this goal, this site will go offline January 1. Please click here to donate

Annona reticulata

(Bullock´s Heart)

Common Names

[ Back to top ]

Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Chinese:

Niu Xin Fan Li Zhi, niu Xin Guo, niu Xin Li

Common Names in English:

Anona Corazon, Bull´s Heart, Bullock´s Heart, Bullock´s-Heart, Bullock's Heart, Bullock's-Heart, Bullock-Heart, Common Custard Apple, Corazón, Custard Apple, Custard-Apple, Jamaica Apple, Maman, Netted Custard Apple, Ox-Heart, Sweetsop

Common Names in French:

Annone Réticulée, Cachiman, Cachiman Coeur De Boeuf (Antilles), Cachimantier, Coeur De Boeuf, Corossol Reticulé, Corossol Sauvage

Common Names in German:

Custardapfel, Netzannone, Ochsenherz, Ochsenherzapfel

Common Names in Hindi:

Luvuni, Nona

Common Names in Japanese:

Gyuushinri

Common Names in Khmer:

Mean Bat, Mo Bat

Common Names in Laotian:

Khan Tua Lot

Common Names in Malay:

Buah Nona, Lonang, Nona Kapri

Common Names in Nepalese:

Anti, raamaphal (Ramphal), srii Raamaphal

Common Names in Portuguese:

Anoneira, Araticum Apé, Araticum Do Mato, Biribá, Coração De Boi (Rehm) (Brazil), Coração De Boi, Coraco De Boi, Fruta-De-Condessa, Fruta-Do-Conde, Fruto Da Condessa, Graviola, Milolo

Common Names in Spanish:

Anón Injerto, Anón Manteca (Cuba, Anón Pelon (Colombia), Anona, Anona Colorada (Guatemala), Anona Corazón, Anona De Corazón Rojo (Inab) (Guatemala), Anona De Cuba, Anona De Redecilla (Honduras, Anona De Seso (Guatemala), Anona Pelon, Anona Roja (Guatemala), Anona Rosada (El Salvador), Anonillo, Chirimoya Roia (Bolivia), Corazón De Buey, Dominican Republic), Mamán, Mamón (Cuba, Manzana De Ilán, Nicaragua), Saramuyo (Mexico)

Common Names in Tagalog:

Anonas

Common Names in Thai:

Noi Nong

Common Names in Vietnamese:

Binh Bat, Qua Na

Description

[ Back to top ]

Family Annonaceae

Trees , shrubs , rarely woody vines , deciduous or evergreen , with aromatic bark , leaves, and flowers. Pith septate to diaphragmed . Leaves alternate, simple , without stipules, petiolate . Leaf blade pinnately veined, unlobed, margins entire . Inflorescences axillary to leaf scars on old wood or to leaves on new shoots , solitary flowers or few-flowered fascicles, pedunculate ; bracts or bracteoles present or absent. Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual ; receptacle becoming enlarged, elevated or flat; perianth hypogynous, segments valvate or imbricate; sepals persistent , (2-) 3(-4), distinct or basally connate ; petals either 6 in 2 unequal whorls of 3 with petals of outer whorl larger, petals of inner whorl fleshier than the outer, often with corrugate nectary zone, or petals 6-12(-15), nearly equal or unequal, veins impressed on inner face ; stamens 10-20 or very numerous , hypogynous, spirally arranged , forming ball or flat-topped mass; filament short, stout; anther linear to oblong-linear, extrorse , longitudinally dehiscent ; connective apically elongate , connivent; pistils 1-many, superior, 1-carpellate, 1-locular, distinct or connate to various degrees with at least stigmas distinct; placentation marginal , placenta 1; ovules 1-many per pistil; style short, thick; stigma terminal . Fruits berries , distinct, 1-8(-12) per flower, or coalescent , forming syncarps, 1 per flower. Seeds 1-many per pistil, arillate ; endosperm ruminate , oily.

Genera ca. 128, species ca. 2300 (3 genera, 12 sp: mostly circumtropical .

The family has particular importance in the tropics because of the edible syncarps of some species of Annona ; in the eastern United States the fruit of Asimina triloba (pawpaw) was once much gathered and appreciated. Programs in breeding from selected stock of Asimina have been undertaken (G. A. Zimmerman 1941).

Currently, the Pawpaw Foundation is intensively researching means to develop commercially marketable fruits. Recent studies of the chemical properties of Asimina reveal its pesticidal possibilities, and its potential as an anticancer agent (E. M. Norman, pers. comm. ) The warm-climate genera Cananga, Rollinia, and Artabotrys have been used as ornamentals .Robert Kral "Annonaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Annona

Trees or shrubs , taprooted; trunks buttressed or not buttressed at base . Bark thin, mostly broadly and shallowly fissured , scaly , fissures anastomosing. Shoots slender, stiff, terete ; lenticels raised; buds naked. Leaves persistent or deciduous to late deciduous. Leaf blade leathery or membranous, glabrous to pubescent . Inflorescences axillary or supra-axillary , occasionally from axillary buds on main stem or older stems, solitary flowers or fascicles; peduncle bracteolate . Flowers: receptacle convex to ±globose or elongate , elevated ; sepals deciduous, 3(-4), smaller than outer petals, valvate in bud; petals 6(-8) in 2 whorls, usually fleshy , those of outer whorl larger, valvate in bud, those of inner whorl more ascending , distinctly smaller or reduced, rarely absent, valvate or imbricate in bud; nectaries present as darker-pigmented, usually corrugate zones adaxially near petal bases; stamens very numerous , packed into ball , club-shaped, curved ; connective dilated , hooded or pointed beyond anther sac ; pistils numerous, sessile, partially connate to various degrees with at least stigmas distinct ; ovules 1(-2) per pistil; style and stigma club-shaped or narrowly conic. Fruits fleshy syncarps, 1 per flower, usually ovoid to nearly globose , surface variable depending on orientation, structure, and relative connation of pistil apices. Seed usually 1 per pistil, ovoid to ellipsoid , beanlike, coat tough, margins various, narrow. x =7.

Species 110: mostly neotropic; North America; 10 in Africa."Annona". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Species Annona reticulata

Leaves with long downturned point and upturned sides, prominent laterals , with some hairs . Flowers cigar shaped; Fruits slightly bumpy. At the onset of dry season , the old leaves are shed and new shoots develop. From the ends of the twigs the main foliage shoots grow out, but the flowering shoots with smaller leaves develop from the axils of freshly fallen leaves (on the wood of the preceeding season). After fruiting the reproductive twigs fall off (Corner, 1988).

Nearly smooth fruit The bark contains the chemical anonaine. The bark, leaves seeds and roots have been used against bed bugs, or lice or mange (Dalziel, 1946; Politi, 1996). The delicious pulp of the fruit itself is said to be good for dysentery (Gooding et al. , 1965). Sap of this and A.squamosa is very irritant to the eyes, and can even cause blindness.

Habit: Tree

Flowers: Flower Color: pale yellow, yellow

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 20-30' tall.

Biology

[ Back to top ]

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Annona excelsa Kunth
  2. Annona laevis Kunth
  3. Annona longifolia Sessé & Moç.
  4. Annona lutescens Saff.
  5. Annona micrantha Bertero ex Spreng.
  6. Annona riparia Kunth

Notes

Publishing author : Safford Publication : in Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. xviii. 41 (1914). Publishing author: Sessé & Moc. Publication: Fl. Mexic., ed. 2 134 1894 Publishing author: H.B. & K . Publication: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] v. 60. Publishing author: Bert. ex Spreng. Publication: Syst. ii. 640. Publishing author: H.B. & K. Publication: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] v. 59. Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Rainer H. in prep.

Place of publication: Sp. pl. 1:537. 1753

Name verified on 11-Jul-1997 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 11-Jul-1997

Similar Species

[ Back to top ]

Slight dimples on fruit not as marked as sugar apple (looks like Cherimoya);

Members of the genus Annona

There are approximately 225 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. acuminata · A. acutiflora · A. africana · A. alata · A. amara · A. amazonica · A. ambotay · A. andicola · A. angustifolia · A. annonoides · A. antioquensis · A. araracuara · A. aromatica · A. asplundiana · A. atabapensis · A. atemoya · A. aurantiaca · A. bahiensis · A. bicolor · A. bicolor f. concolor · A. billbergii · A. boliviana · A. bullata · A. cacans · A. cacans glabriuscula · A. cacans subsp. glabriuscula · A. calcarata · A. calophylla · A. campestris · A. cancellata · A. cascarilloides · A. cauliflora · A. centrantha · A. cercocarpa · A. cheirimola (Cherimoya) · A. cherimola (Cherimoya) · A. cherimolia · A. cherimolioides · A. cheriquensis · A. chiriquensis · A. colorata · A. conica · A. cordifolia · A. coriacea · A. cornifolia · A. crassiflora · A. crassifolia · A. crassivenia · A. cristalensis · A. crotonifolia · A. cubensis · A. cuneata var. cuneata · A. cuneata var. glabrescens · A. curvipetala · A. cuspidata · A. danforthii · A. deceptrix · A. deminuta · A. densicoma · A. dioica · A. distincta · A. dodecapetala · A. dolichopetala · A. dolichophylla · A. duckei · A. echinata · A. ecuadorensis · A. edulis · A. ekmanii · A. emarginata · A. excellens · A. fendleri · A. ferruginea · A. flava · A. foetida · A. fosteri · A. frutescens · A. gardneri · A. gigantophylla · A. glabra (Alligator Apple) · A. glauca · A. glauca var. minor · A. glaucophylla · A. globiflora · A. glomerulifera · A. gracilis · A. haematantha · A. haitiensis · A. haitiensis subsp. appendiculata · A. havanensis · A. hayesii · A. helosioides · A. herzogii · A. hispida · A. holosericea · A. hostmanni · A. hybrid · A. hypoglauca · A. hystricoides · A. imbitibana

Bibliography

[ Back to top ]

More Info

[ Back to top ]

Notes

[ Back to top ]

Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

Last Revised: 2008-11-10