Anemone lancifolia

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Anemone

Herbs, perennial , from rhizomes, caudices, or tubers. Leaves basal, simple or compound , petiolate . Leaf blade lobed or parted or undivided, reniform to obtriangular or lanceolate, margins entire or variously toothed . Inflorescences terminal , 2-9-flowered cymes or umbels, or flowers solitary, to 60 cm; involucres present, often with primary involucres subtending inflorescences, and secondary and tertiary involucres subtending inflorescence branches or single flowers (primary, secondary, and tertiary involucres appearing to be in tiers ), involucral bracts 2-7(-9), leaflike or sepaloid , distant from or close to flowers. Flowers bisexual , radially symmetric ; sepals not persistent in fruit, 4-20(-27), white, purple, blue, green, yellow, pink, or red, plane , linear to oblong or ovate to obovate , 3.5-40 mm; petals usually absent (present in A. patens ), distinct , plane, obovate to elliptic , 1.5-2 mm; nectary present; stamens 10-200; filaments filiform or somewhat broadened at base ; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils many, simple; ovule 1 per pistil; style present. Fruits achenes, aggregate, sessile or stalked , ovoid to obovoid , sides not veined; beak (persistent style) present, sometimes rudimentary , terminal, straight or curved , to 40(-50) mm, sometimes plumose . x =7 or 8.

Species ca. 150: nearly worldwide, primarily in cooler temperate and arctic regions.

The taxonomy of Anemone continues to be problematic. Anemone occidentalis and A. patens var. multifida (the first two taxa in this treatment) are frequently placed in the genus Pulsatilla Miller on the basis of the long plumose achene beaks, and A. acutiloba and A. americana (the last two taxa in this treatment) in the genus Hepatica Miller, primarily on the basis of the involucre immediately subtending the flower and the lobed, persistent leaves. Recent phylogenetic analyses of Anemone in the broad sense, however, indicate that both Pulsatilla and Hepatica should be subsumed within Anemone. While traditional morphologic characters are useful in distinguishing between Pulsatilla and Hepatica species, respectively, many other morphologic and molecular attributes are shared with Anemone, strongly suggesting that these genera should be united (S. B . Hoot et al. 1994). In addition, a number of genera that have been recognized primarily on a cytotaxonomic basis (e.g. , Anemonastrum, Anemonidium, Anemonoides, and Jurtsevia ) are reduced to synonymy here. Some North American species of Anemone are closely related to plants in Europe, Asia, and South America and continue to be recognized at different ranks . For example, Anemone patens Linnaeus var. multifida (a species included in this treatment) was called Pulsatilla multifida (Pritzel) Juzepczuk for the former Soviet Union by S. V. Juzepczuk (1970) and Pulsatilla patens (Linnaeus) Miller var. multifida (Pritzel) Li S.H. & Huang Y. H. for China by Wang W.-T. (1980). Moreover, interspecific hybridization among some sympatric or nearly sympatric North American species also contributes to the confusion (see N. L. Britton 1891; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955-1969, vol. 2; R. S. Mitchell and J. K . Dean 1982). Additional analyses (e.g., G. Boraiah and M. Heimburger 1964; M. Heimburger 1959; C. Joseph and M. Heimburger 1966; and C. S. Keener et al. 1995) may prove to be helpful in resolving the taxonomy within this morphologically diverse genus.

Protoanemonin, an irritating acrid oil , is an enzymatic breakdown product of the glycoside ranunculin and is found in many species of Anemone. While protoanemonin can cause severe topical and gastrointestinal irritation, it is unstable and changes into harmless anemonin when plants are dried (N. J. Turner and A. F. Szczawinski 1991).

A caudex , as the term is used here, is the "woody," perennating base of an aerial shoot (inflorescences and basal leaves ). The word tuber refers to a swollen, more or less vertical underground stem. The aerial shoots arise from the apex of either of those persistent structures. Rhizome, as the term is used here, refers to an underground, usually horizontal stem (more or less vertical in Anemone piperi ), that is nearly uniform in diameter (about 1-4 mm diam., depending on the species) along its length . Aerial shoots arise directly from nodes at or near the apex of the rhizome.

Many species of Anemone have only one type of underground stem. Some species, however, have both rhizomes and caudices. In such cases the aerial shoots arise from the apex of a caudex attached to the rhizome. Some other species sometimes have both tubers and rhizomes. In those, one or more horizontal rhizomes arise near the apex of the tuber; the aerial shoots arise from the apex of the tuber.

Proportions given in the key for the middle lobes of basal leaves are calculated as follows: measure length of lobe from apex to a line connecting bases of sinuses; and measure total length of blade from leaf apex to summit of petiole .[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Damp, rich woods ; 800-1500 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,500 meters (0 to 8,202 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Anemone quinguefolia lancifolia Pursh • Anemone quinquefolia var. lancifolia (Pursh) Fosberg • Anemone trifolia auct. non L. • Anemone quinquefolia in L. var. lancifolia (Pursh) Fosberg

Notes

Publishing author : Pursh Publication : Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 386 1813 (1814; Dec 1813)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Anemone

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 164 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. apennina (Apennine Anemone) · A. apennina var. albiflora (Apennine Anemone) · A. berlandieri (Southern Thimble-Weed) · A. biarmiensis (Windflower) · A. blanda (Grecian Windflower) · A. blanda 'Blue Shades' (Blue Shades Anemone) · A. blanda 'Blue Star' (Anemone) · A. blanda 'Charmer' (Anemone) · A. blanda 'Pink Star' (Anemone) · A. blanda 'Radar' (Anemone) · A. blanda 'Rosea' (Anemone) · A. blanda 'Violet Star' (Anemone) · A. blanda 'White Splendour' (Anemone) · A. canadensis (Canada Anemone) · A. caroliniana (Carolina Anemone) · A. caroliniana var. heterophylla (Carolina Anemone) · A. coronaria (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'Blue Poppy' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'Hollandia' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'Lord Lieutenant' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'Mona Lisa Red' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'Mount Everest' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'Mr. Fokker' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'St. Brigid' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'Sylphide' (Ylphide Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'The Admiral' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'The Bride' (Grecian Windflower) · A. coronaria 'The Governor' (Grecian Windflower) · A. crispa (Parlsey Leaf Anemone) · A. cylindrica (Candle Anemone) · A. deltoidea (Columbia Windflower) · A. drummondii (Drummond Anemone) · A. drummondii drummondii (Drummond Anemone) · A. drummondii heimburgeri (Drummond Anemone) · A. drummondii subsp. heimburgeri (Heimburger's Anemone) · A. edwardsiana (Edwards Plateau Thimbleweed) · A. edwardsiana var. edwardsiana (Edwards Plateau Thimbleweed) · A. edwardsiana var. petraea (Edge Falls Anemone) · A. hortensis (Anemone) · A. hupehensis (Hupeh Thimble-Weed) · A. hupehensis (Lemoine) Lemoine var. japonica (Thunb.) Bowles & Stearn 'Prinz Hei (Japanese Thimbleweed) · A. hupehensis var. japonica (Japanese Anemone) · A. hupehensis var. japonica 'Bressingham Glow' (Bressingham Glow Windflower) · A. hupehensis 'Alba' (Japanese Anemone) · A. hupehensis 'Crispa' (Japanese Anemone) · A. hupehensis 'Praecox' (Japanese Anemone) · A. hupehensis 'September Charm' (Japanese Anemone) · A. hupehensis 'Splendens' (Splendens Japanese Anemone) · A. japonica (Queen Charlotte Windflower) · A. lancifolia (Lance-Leaved Anemone) · A. leveillei (Windflower) · A. lithophila (Little Belt Mountain Thimble-Weed) · A. lyallii (Little Mountain Thimbleweed) · A. multiceps (Porcupine River Thimble-Weed) · A. multifida (Cut-Leaved Anemone) · A. multifida var. hirsuta (Pacific Anemone) · A. multifida var. hudsoniana (Hudson's Anemone) · A. multifida var. multifida (Cut-Leaf Anemone) · A. multifida var. richardsiana (Richards' Anemone) · A. multifida var. sansonii (Sanson's Anemone) · A. multifida var. saxicola (Cutleaf Anemone) · A. multifida var. stylosa (Cutleaf Anemone) · A. multifida 'Major' (Major Cut-Leaved Anemone Anemone Multifida) · A. multifida 'Rubra' (Cut-Leaved Anemone) · A. narcissiflora (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora interior (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora interior var. interior (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora narcissiflora (Narcissus Thimble-Weed) · A. narcissiflora var. monantha (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora var. villosissima (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora villosissima (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora zephyra (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora zephyra var. zephyra (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora subsp. alaskana (Alaskan Anemone) · A. narcissiflora subsp. interior (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora subsp. sibirica (Sibirian Anemone) · A. narcissiflora subsp. villosissima (Narcissus Anemone) · A. narcissiflora subsp. zephyra (Zephyr Anemone) · A. nemerosa (European Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa (European Thimble-Weed) · A. nemorosa var. nemorosa (European Thimbleweed) · A. nemorosa × ranunculoides (European Thimbleweed) · A. nemorosa 'Alba Plena' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Allenii' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Blue Bonnet' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Blue Eyes' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Bowles Purple' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Caerulea' (Caerulea Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Dee Day' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Gigantea Rubra' (Wood Anemone 'gigantea Rubra') · A. nemorosa 'Hakumane Senjuizaki' (Wood Anemone 'hakumane Senjuizaki') · A. nemorosa 'Kassari Kirju' (Wood Anemone 'kassari Kirju') · A. nemorosa 'Lychette' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Mart's Blue' (Mart's Blue Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Robinsoniana' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Rosea' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Royal Blue' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Vestal' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Viridiflora' (Wood Anemone) · A. nemorosa 'Westwell Pink' (Wood Anemone)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A flora of the state of New-York: comprising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hitherto discovered in the state: with remarks on their economical and medicinal properties / by John Torrey. Albany: Carroll and Cook, printers to the Assembly, 1843. url p. 7.
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url , p. 142.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian, New York, Scribner[c1913] url .
• Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York, New York Academy of Sciences. url p. 226.
• Bibliographical index to North American botany; or, Citations of authorities for all the recorded indigenous and naturalized species of the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the synonymy. by Sereno Watson. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1878. url p. 5.
• Botany of the United States north of Virginia; comprising descriptions of the flowering and fern-like plants hitherto found in those states, arranged according to the natural system. With a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnean system, a New York, Harper, 1868. url p. 5.
• Botany of the northern and middle states, or, A description of the plants found in the United States, north of Virginia arranged according to the natural system, with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnaean system--a sketch of the rudiments of botany, and a glossary of terms / by Lewis C. Beck. Albany: Webster and Skinners, 1833. url p. 6.
• Catalogue of Canadian plants. .. Montreal [etc.]1883-1902. url p. 12.
• Contributions from the Herbarium of Columbia College. New York: Columbia College, 1886-1896. url p. 386.
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 517.
• Natural history of New York. Albany: D. Appleton: 1842-1894. url p. 7, p. 7.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 1 1884-1888 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 76.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 15 1878 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 5.
• Torrey, J. & A. Gray A flora of North America: containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of Mexico, arranged according to the natural system /by John Torrey and Asa Gray. New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1838-[1843]. url p. 12.
• Fernald, M. L. 1928b. The North American species of Anemone & Anemonanthea. Rhodora 30: 180-188.
• Frodin, D.G. 1964. A Preliminary Revision of the Section Anemonanthea of Anemone in Eastern North America, with Special Reference to the Southern Appalachian Mountains. M.S. thesis. University of Tennessee. Hoot, S. B., A. A. Reznicek, and J. D. Palmer. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships in Anemone (Ranunculaceae) based on morphology and chloroplast DNA. Syst. Bot. 19: 169-200.
• Wang,W.-T. 1980. Anemone In: W.-T. Wang, ed. 1980. Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. Vol. 28, pp. 1-56.

Notes

Contributors

• "Anemone lancifolia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645310
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18442
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729445
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:708455-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18442
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDRAN04090
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ANTR5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 18492

Footnotes

1. Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Bryan E. Dutton, Carl S. Keener & Bruce A. Ford "Anemone". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Anemone lancifolia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 399.160 meters (1,309.580 feet), Standard Deviation = 350.130 based on 90 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.