Androsace maxima

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Primulaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , rarely suffruticose . Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled , often all basal, simple , entire to lobed . Flowers solitary or in panicles, racemes , or umbels, usually with bracts, perfect , (4- or) 5(--9) -merous, often heterostylous (Primula) . Calyx persistent . Corolla gamopetalous, actinomorphic , rarely absent (Glaux) . Stamens as many as and opposite corolla lobes , ± epipetalous , occasionally with scalelike staminodes. Filaments free or connate into a tube at base . Ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior (Samolus), unilocular ; placentation free central; style simple; stigma inconspicuous, capitate. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing by valves , rarely circumscissile or indehiscent. Seeds many or few; embryo small, straight, surrounded by endosperm.

The family contains 22 genera and ca. 1000 species, occurring mainly in temperate and mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere. Twelve genera and 517 species are widely distributed throughout China, but are represented mostly in the S and W regions. The centers of diversity for Primula, Androsace, and Omphalogramma are W Sichuan, E Xizang, and NW Yunnan. Lysimachia is also highly developed in provinces S of the Chang Jiang, while Pomatosace is an endemic genus confined to a small area of NW Sichuan and Qinghai.

Many species of Primula and Androsace are cultivated for their attractive flowers as pot plants , in rock gardens, or in garden borders . Some species of Lysimachia are used medicinally. Cyclamen persicum Miller is frequently cultivated as a pot plant.[1]

Genus Androsace

Herbs perennial , annual , or biennial, acaulescent , rarely caulescent with ascending or decumbent shoots from a caudex . Leaves forming a rosette, rarely alternate; rosettes solitary or clustered, forming lax mats or compact cushions . Inflorescences umbellate , rarely a solitary flower, with bracts. Flowers 5-merous, homostylous. Calyx campanulate to subglobose, shallowly to deeply lobed . Corolla white, pink, purple, or dark red, rarely yellow; tube usually ± inflated , ca. as long as to shorter than calyx; throat constricted ; lobes entire or emarginate . Stamens included , inserted on corolla tube; filaments very short; anthers ovate , apex obtuse . Style not longer than corolla tube. Capsule subglobose, dehiscing nearly to base . Seeds few to many.

Approximately 100 species widely distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere; 73 species native to China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Dry meadows, gravelly slopes , sandy steppes ; 1500--2700 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,620 meters (0 to 8,596 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Androsace turczaninowii Freyn.

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Sp. Pl. 1: 141 1753 [1 May 1753]

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Androsace

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 46 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. alpina (Rock Jasmine) · A. brevis (Rock Jasmine) · A. carnea (Rock Jasmine) · A. chamaejasme (Rock Jasmine) · A. chamaejasmeersonii (Anderson's Rockjasmine) · A. chamaejasme andersonii (Anderson's Rockjasmine) · A. chamaejasme subsp. andersonii (Anderson's Rockjasmine) · A. chamaejasme subsp. carinata (Sweetflower Rockjasmine) · A. chamaejasme subsp. lehmanniana (Lehmann's Rockjasmine) · A. ciliata (Rock Jasmine) · A. cylindrica (Rock Jasmine) · A. delavayi (Rock Jasmine) · A. elongata (California Rock-Jasmine) · A. elongata acuta (Lehmann Sweet-Flowered Fairy-Candelabra) · A. elongata subsp. acuta (California Rockjasmine) · A. filiformis (Filiform Rockjasmine) · A. globifera (Rock Jasmine) · A. hausmannii (Rock Jasmine) · A. hedraeantha (Rock Jasmine) · A. hirtella (Rock Jasmine) · A. lanuginosa (Rock Jasmine) · A. maxima (Greater Rockjasmine) · A. muscoidea (Rock Jasmine) · A. occidentalis (Western Rock Jasmine) · A. pyrenaica (Rock Jasmine) · A. sarmentosa (Rock Jasmine) · A. sempervivoides (Rock Jasmine) · A. septentrionalis (Northern Rockjasmine) · A. septentrionalis glandulosa (Pygmyflower Rock Jasmine) · A. septentrionalis glandulosa var. glandulosa (Northern Rockjasmine) · A. septentrionalis puberulenta (Northern Rockjasmine) · A. septentrionalis robusta (Northern Rockjasmine) · A. septentrionalis septentrionalis (Northern Rockjasmine) · A. septentrionalis subulifera (Northern Rockjasmine) · A. septentrionalis subumbellata (Northern Rockjasmine) · A. septentrionalis subsp. glandulosa (Pygmyflower Rock Jasmine) · A. septentrionalis subsp. puberulenta (Pygmy-Flower Rock-Jasmine) · A. septentrionalis subsp. robusta (Pygmyflower Rockjasmine) · A. septentrionalis subsp. subulifera (Pygmyflower Rock Jasmine) · A. septentrionalis subsp. subumbellata (Pygmyflower Rockjasmine) · A. subulifera (Pygmyflower Rock Jasmine) · A. subumbellata (Pygmyflower Rockjasmine) · A. vandellii (Rock Jasmine) · A. villosa (Rock Jasmine) · A. wulfeniana (Rock Jasmine) · A. 'Millstream' (Rock Jasmine)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A catalogue of plants cultivated in the garden of John Gerard, in the years 1596-1599 /edited with notes, references to Gerard's Herball, the addition of modern names, and a life of the author, by Benjamin Daydon Jackson. 1876 London: Privately printed, 1876 url p. 57.
• Alien flora of Britain. London, West, Newman, 1905. url p. 130.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 337.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url , p. 709.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 114, p. 124, p. 131, p. 141, p. 150, p. 167, p. 169, p. 194, p. 225, p. 238, p. 280, p. 285, p. 289, p. 308, p. 383, p. 418, p. 45.
• Biological effects of radiation; mechanism and measurement of radiation, applications in biology, photochemical reactions, effects of radiant energy on organisms and organic products. Edited by Benjamin M. Duggar. With the cooperation of Janet Howell Clark, Kenneth S. Cole, Farrington Daniels [and others] New York andMcGraw-Hill Book Co., 1936. url p. 819, p. 820.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1923 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 126, p. 2.
• Early British botanists and their gardens, based on unpublished writings of Goodyer, Tradescant, and others, by R. T. Gunther. With nine plates and twenty-one other illustrations. Oxford, Printed by F. Hall for the author at the University Press, 1922. url p. 105, p. 150.
• Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by David Brewster. .. with the assistance of gentlemen eminent in science and literature. Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1830. url p. 693.
• Flowering plants of the Riviera: a sescriptive account of 1800 of the more interesting species / by H. Stuart Thompson; with an introduction on Riviera vegetation by A. G. Tansley London; New York: Longmans, Green, 1914. url p. 153.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 77.
• Hardwicke's science-gossip: an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866- url p. 146.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. London: Published for the International Council by the Royal Society of London, 1902-1919. url p. 126.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. 44 1906 London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 334.
• List of rare, threatened and endemic plants in Europe (1982 edition) Council of Europe url p. 43.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 306.
• Plant-geography upon a physiological basis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903. url p. 600.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. London, Published for the Linnean Society of London by Academic Press [etc.], 1848-1968. url p. 216.
• Seeds handbook for agriculture, horticulture and forestry, with a key for the identification of the important agricultural seeds = Handbuch der Samenkunde für Landwirtschaft, Gartenbau und Forstwirtschaft, mit einem Schlussel zur Bestimmung der wichtigsten landwirtschaftlichen Samen / Walther Brouwen and Adolf Stahlin. [S.l.: s.n.], 1980. url p. 135.
• Studies on the vegetation of the Transcaspian lowlands, by Ove Paulsen. Copenhagen, Gyldendal, 1912. url p. 155.
• Sub-alpine plants: or, Flowers of the Swiss woods and meadows / by H. Stuart Thompson; with 33 coloured plates (168 figures) by George Flemwell. London: Dutton, 1912. url p. 203.
• Sub-alpine plants: or, flowers of the Swiss woods and meadows / [London]: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1912. url .
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url , p. 194, p. 194, p. 266, p. 266, p. 41, p. 43.
• The Annals of Scottish natural history. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1892-1911. url p. 101.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 71, p. 78.
• The Phytologist: a popular botanical miscellany. London, John van Voorst, 1844-56. url p. 1025, p. 735.
• The anthropology of Iraq. The Upper Euphrates / by Henry Field, Curator of Physical Anthropology. Chicago:Field Museum, 1940 url p. 168, p. 190.
• The fruit, flower, and kitchen garden. By Patrick Neill. Adapted to the United States. Philadelphia, H. C. Baird, 1851. url p. 265.
• The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution; Dublin, Blackie & son, limited, 1902. url , .
• The natural history of plants; their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution. From the German of Anton Kerner von Marilaun, by F.W. Oliver, with the assistance of Marian Busk and Mary F. Ewart. with about 2000 original woodcut illustrations and sixteen plates in colours. London, Blackie, 1896-1897. url p. 341, p. 928.
• The practical fruit, flower and vegetable gardener's companion with calendar. By Patrick Neill. .. Adapted to the United States New York, C.M. Saxton and Co.[c1855] url p. 254.
• The survey of western Palestine. The fauna and flora of Palestine, by H. B. Tristram. London, The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 1884. url p. 354.
• The vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian frontiers (the Sayansk region) [Trondhjem]K. Norske Videnskabers Selskab[1921] url .
• Transactions of the Edinburgh Field Naturalists' and Microscopical Society. [Edinburgh]: The Club, 1891- url p. 138.
• Vegetable teratology, an account of the principal deviations from the usual construction of plants, by Maxwell T. Masters. .. With numerous illus. by E.M. Williams. London, Published for the Ray society by R. Hardwicke, 1869. url p. 16, p. 518.
• Chen Feng-hwai, Hu Chi-ming, Fang Yun-yi, Cheng Chao-zong, Yang Yong-chang & Huang Rong-fu In Chen Feng-hwai & Hu Chi-ming, editors. 1990. Primulaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(1): 1-217
• Hu Chi-ming In Chen Feng-hwai & Hu Chi-ming, editors. 1990. Primulaceae (2). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 1-321.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 16, 2007:

• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Herbarium Willing
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• Herbarium Hamburgense, Impetus - Herbarium Hamburgense
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2664069
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-184558
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13845076
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:700355-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 3362
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 184558
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 700355-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDPRI02080
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ANMA14
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 21258

Footnotes

1. Qiming Hu & Sylvia Kelso "Primulaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 39. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Androsace". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 80. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Androsace maxima". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 88. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 603.240 meters (1,979.134 feet), Standard Deviation = 688.440 based on 212 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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