Andropogon glomeratus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Genus Andropogon

Annual or perennial . Leaf blades linear , not aromatic ; ligule scarious or reduced to a line of hairs . Inflorescence simple or compound ; racemes fragile, usually paired , occasionally digitate or single, terminal on the culm or axillary and gathered into a spathate compound panicle; spikelets of a pair dissimilar; raceme bases not deflexed , without homogamous spikelets (present in A. munroi) ; rachis internodes filiform to linear or clavate , sometimes inflated , ciliate on margins . Sessile spikelet usually dorsally compressed ; callus short, obtuse , shortly bearded , inserted into internode apex; lower glume membranous to leathery, 2-keeled, lanceolate, flat to concave with lateral keels , these sometimes narrowly winged , with or without intercarinal veins, or linear with dorsal keels and a deep veinless median groove ; upper glume awned or awnless; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma hyaline, 2-lobed, awned from sinus ; awn geniculate , column glabrous or puberulous . Stamens 1-3. Pedicelled spikelet variable, large to much reduced, male or barren. x = 10.

About 100 species: tropical and warm-temperate regions of both hemispheres, especially Africa and America; two species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,377 meters (0 to 17,641 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: Yes • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Fall • Fruit/Seed Period End: Winter • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart.

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: High • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: None • Minimum pH: 5.0 • Maximum pH: 6.3 • Fertility Requirement: Low

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun . • Shade Tolerance: Intolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Low • Minimum Precipitation: 35 • Maximum Precipitation: 70 • Moisture Use: High

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -23 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 160 • Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Prelim. cat. 67. 1888

Name verified on 25-Oct-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 04-Feb-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Andropogon

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 899 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. abyssinicus · A. acicularis · A. aciculatum · A. aciculatus · A. aculeatus · A. acuminatus · A. acutiusculus · A. adscendens · A. adustus · A. aequatoriensis · A. aesthenos · A. aethiopicus · A. afer · A. affinis · A. africanus · A. afzelianum · A. agrostoide · A. agrostoides · A. albescens · A. albidus · A. alectoridia · A. allioni · A. allionii · A. alopecuroides · A. alopecurus · A. alternans · A. altissimus · A. altus · A. amathystinus · A. amaurus · A. ambiguus · A. amboinicus · A. amethystinus · A. amplectens · A. amplexifolius · A. ampliflorus · A. anatherus · A. andongensis · A. androphilus · A. angustatus · A. angustifolium · A. angustifolius · A. anias · A. annulatus · A. annulatus var. humilis · A. annuus · A. anomalus · A. anthephoroides · A. anthisterioides · A. anthistirioides · A. appendiculatus · A. apricus · A. apricus var. indicus · A. arctatus (Pinewoods Bluestem) · A. arcuatus · A. arenarius · A. argenteo-pilosus · A. argenteus · A. argutus · A. argyraeus · A. argyreus · A. ariani · A. aridus · A. aristatus · A. aristidoides · A. aristulatus · A. armatus · A. armillaris · A. arnottianus · A. aromaticus · A. arrectus · A. arrhenobasis · A. arriani · A. arthropogon · A. arundinaceus · A. arvenceus · A. ascinodis · A. asper · A. assimilis · A. asthenos · A. astictus · A. attenuatus · A. aucheri · A. auctus · A. aureo-fulvus · A. aureum · A. aureus · A. auriculatus · A. australis · A. australis subsp. leiocladus · A. avenaceum · A. avenaceus · A. axilis · A. bagirmicus · A. baileyi · A. bakeri · A. barbatum · A. barbatus · A. barbinode · A. barbinodis

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Further Reading

• Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. (F Jam)
• Allan Hancock Atlantic expedition / University of Southern California. Los Angeles, Calif.: The University, 1945-[1964] ENG url p. 22.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] ENG url p. 108.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Ho New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1913. ENG url p. 116.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. ENG url p. 67.
• Annual report / Florida State Geological Survey. Tallahassee, Fla.: Capital Pub. Co., state printer, ENG url p. 289, p. 86.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. ENG url p. 338.
• Bulletin, Gulf Biologic Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and Immigration., 1902-1910. ENG url p. 8.
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (Weed CIBA)
• Campbell, C. S. 1983. Systematics of the Andropogon virginicus complex (Gramineae). J. Arnold Arbor. 64:235.
• Catalogue of the grasses of Cuba. By A. S. Hitchcock. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1909. ENG url p. 192, p. 193, p. 250, p. 253, p. 254.
• Clewell, A. F. 1985. Guide to the vascular plants of the Florida panhandle. (F FlaPan)
• Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. (F Bahamas)
• Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana. (F Mesoamer)
• Essays in geobotany in honor of William Albert Setchell, edited by T.H. Goodspeed. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1936. ENG url p. 126, p. 93, p. 95.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Family #15, Gramineae / Richard W. Pohl. [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1980. ENG url p. 42, p. 43, p. 44, p. 46, p. 596.
• Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. ENG url p. 199.
• Flora of Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley Chicago, 1937. ENG url p. 68.
• Flora of Guatemala: part II: grasses of Guatemala / Jason R. Swallen; Bamboos / F.A. McClure. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1955. ENG url p. 22.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. ENG url p. 180.
• Flora of Los Angeles and vicinity / by LeRoy Abrams. Stanford University, Cal. 1917. ENG url p. 20.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunke New York, The author, 1913. ENG url p. 60, p. 61.
• Flora voor de Nederlandsch West-Indische eilanden, door I. Boldingh Amsterdam, Druk. van J. H. de Bussy, 1913. DUT url p. 115, p. 116, p. 27, p. 426.
• Grasses of the West Indies. By A. S. Hitchcock and Agnes Chase. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1917. ENG url p. 277, p. 284, p. 415, p. 416, p. 417, p. 418, p. 424, p. 426, p. 429, p. 432, p. 433, p. 436, p. 437, p. 438, p. 439, p. 440, p. 441, p. 447, p. 448, p. 452, p. 454, p. 459, p. 460, p. 461.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 698.
• Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. (Grass US)
• How to know the grasses; pictured-keys for determining the common and important American grasses, with suggestions and aids for their study. Dubuque, Iowa, W. C. Brown Co.[1954] ENG url p. 181.
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
• I. Supplement to the flora of Barro Colorado island, Panama [by] Leslie A. Kenoyer and Paul C. Standley. Chicago, 1929. ENG url p. 145.
• Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 38 1957 Cambridge, Mass.: Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [etc.], 1919- ENG url p. 155, p. 405, p. 9.
• Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]:Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.], 1884-2001. ENG url p. 128.
• León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946–1962. Flora de Cuba.; suppl. 1969 (F CubaLeon)
• Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. (F PR)
• Long, R. W. & O. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida. (F TFla)
• Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931- ENG url p. 126.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- ENG url p. 25.
• Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. ENG url p. 336.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 42.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 407.
• Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands / New York Academy of Sciences. New York, N.Y.: The Academy, 1919- url p. 226, p. 228, p. 25.
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, The authors, 1920. ENG url p. 14, p. 14.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 139, p. 149, p. 25, p. 359, p. 5, p. 7.
• The Review of applied entomology. [Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc.] ENG url p. 362, p. 560.
• The flora of the American Virgin Islands / N.L. Britton. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1918. ENG url p. 26.
• The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. ENG url p. 68.
• The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 183.
• The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 183.
• Chen Shouliang, Jin Yuexing, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Liu Liang, Wu Zhenlan, Lu Shenglian, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao, Wang Song, Sun Xiangzhong, Wang Huiqin, Yang Xilin, Wang Chaopin, Li Binggui & Wen Shaobin. 1990. Gramineae (Poaceae) (4). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1):1401
• Chen Shouliang, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Jin Yuexing, Liu Liang, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao & Wang Song. 1997. Gramineae (Poaceae) (5). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 1301
• Liu Liang, Zhu Taiping, Chen Wenli, Wu Zhenlan & Lu Shenglian. Gramineae (Poaceae) (2). In: Liu Liang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 1405
• Lu Sheng-lian, Sun Yong-hua, Liu Shang-wu, Yang Yong-chang, Wu Zhen-lan, Kuo Pen-chao, Yang Hsi-ling, Wang Chao-pin & Tsui Nai-ran. 1987. Gramineae (3). In: Kuo Pen-chao, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 1329
• Wang Zhengping, Ye Guanghan, Yang Yaling, Yu Zehua, Hu Chenhua, Geng Bojie, Feng Xuelin, Jia Liangzhi, Xia Nianhe, Li Dezhu, Zhang Weiping, Xue Jiru, Zhu Zhengde, Zhao Qiseng, Chen Shouliang, Sheng Guoying, Chen Shaoyun, Yao Changyu, Lu Jionglin, Sun Jiliang, Lin Wantao, Yi Tongpei, Zhao Huiru, Wen Taihui & Dai Qihui. 1996. Gramineae (Poaceae) (1).

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 4, 2006.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 19, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 21, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 16 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2660765
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-40454
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13753912
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:387950-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 3219
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40454
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 12850-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA0C0A0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ANVIH ANGL
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 17014

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Andropogon". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 572, 621, 623, 624, 627. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 241.100 meters (791.010 feet), Standard Deviation = 771.190 based on 784 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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