Anchusa tinctoria

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Boraginaceae

Herbs perennial , biennial, or annual , less often lianas, shrubs , or trees , usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple , exstipulate , alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin . Inflorescences often double scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed , mostly persistent . Corolla tubular , campanulate , rotate, funnelform , or salverform ; tube appendages 5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring of hairs present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat , included or rarely exserted; anthers introrse , 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed at base , less often medifixed , dehiscence longitudinal . Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous , semianatropous, or anatropous . Style terminal or gynobasic , branched or not. Gynobase flat, fastigiate , or subulate . Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets (mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings , prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles with barbed or anchorlike tips ) . Seeds vertical or oblique , coat membranous; embryo straight, less often curved ; cotyledons flat, fleshy .

About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate and tropical regions , centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]

Genus Anchusa

Herbs annual or perennial , sparsely strigose or hispid , rarely soft appressed pubescent . Stems erect or spreading . Leaves alternate. Cymes terminal , widely spaced in fruit, scorpioid; bracts lanceolate. Calyx 5-parted nearly to base or less; lobes equal or unequal, linear to triangular, often slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla blue-purple or yellowish, regular or slightly zygomorphic; tube usually longer than calyx, straight or arcuate or geniculate curved ; throat appendages scaly or tuberculate and short pubescent; limb campanulate ; lobes 5, equal or unequal, apex obtuse . Stamens inserted at or below middle of corolla tube, included ; filaments short, filiform ; anthers ovate-oblong, apex obtuse. Ovary 4-divided. Style included in corolla tube; stigma capitate, 2-cleft. Gynobase flat. Nutlets straight, reniform , or oblique-ovoid, reticulate-wrinkled; attachment scar at or near base, margin ringlike, thickened, hardened.

About 50 species: N Africa, C and W Asia, Europe; one species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Pall. Publication : Ind. Taur. ex Lehm. Asperif. 266

Similar Species

Members of the genus Anchusa

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. arvensis (Annual Bugloss) · A. azurea (Italian Alkanet) · A. azurea 'Dropmore' (Italian Alkanet) · A. azurea 'Feltham Pride' (Italian Alkanet) · A. azurea 'Loddon Royalist' (Italian Alkanet) · A. barrelieri (Barrelier's Bugloss) · A. capensis (Cape Bugloss) · A. capensis 'Blue Angel' (Summer Forget-Me-Not) · A. officinalis (Alkanet) · A. tinctoria (Alkanet) · A. undulata (Undulate Alkanet)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A dictionary of popular names of the plants which furnish the natural and acquired wants of man, in all matters of domestic and general economy. Their history, products, & uses, by John Smith. London, Macmillan, 1882. url p. 9.
• A dictionary of scientific terms. By Richard D. Hoblyn. .. New York, D. Appleton and co.;1850. url p. 17.
• A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties. .. the scientific names accentuated, t By George Don. London, J.G. and F. Rivington [etc.]1831-38. url p. 325.
• A glossary of botanic terms with their derivation and accent. By Benjamin Daydon Jackson. .. London, Duckworth;[1928] url p. 20.
• A glossary of botanic terms, with their derivation and accent. London, Duckworth & Co.;1905. url , p. 14.
• A manual of botany: being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants. By John Hutton Balfour. London: J. J. Griffin [etc.] 1851. url p. 150, p. 464.
• A manual of botany: including the structure, functions, classification, properties and uses of plants. London, John Churchill, 1861. url p. 607.
• A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, by L.H. Pammel Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch press, 1911. url p. 704.
• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L.H. Pammel. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Torch Press, 1910-1911. url p. 704.
• A manual of scientific terms, pronouncing, etymological, and explanatory, chiefly comprising terms in botany, natural history, anatomy, medicine, and veterinary science, with an appendix of specific names. Designed for the use of by Rev. James Stormonth Edinburgh, Maclachlan and Stewart, 1885 url p. 21.
• A practical treatise on the use of the microscope, including the different methods of preparing and examining animal, vegetable, and mineral structures. London, H. Bailliere; [etc., etc.]1852. url .
• A supplement to the Pharmacopia, and treatise on pharmacology in general: including not only the drugs and preparations used by practitioners of medicine, but also most of those employed in the chemical arts: together with a collection of the most useful medical formul. . by Samuel Frederic Gray. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1836. url p. 54.
• Agricultural botany: Philadelphia, J. W. Moore;1847. url p. 122.
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• Anales de la Sociedad Espaola de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 230.
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• Analytical class-book of botany. New York, Appleton, 1859. url p. 96.
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• Class-book of botany being outlines of the structures, physiology, and classification of plants: with a flora of the United States and Canada / by Alphonso Wood. Cincinnati: American Book Co., c1881. url .
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• Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1671707
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:113381-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 113379-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1034496

Footnotes

1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Anchusa". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 358. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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