Ampelopsis arborea

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Vitaceae

Woody climbers , sometimes vines , rarely small succulent trees , hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious to polygamo-dioecious . Stems unarmed , sometimes with conspicuous lenticels , or bark sometimes shredding (in most species of Vitis) ; branches often swollen at 3-7-lacunar nodes; pith continuous or interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; tendrils simple , bifurcate to trifurcate , or 4-12-branched (in Parthenocissus), usually leaf-opposed, rarely tendrils absent. Raphide sacs present in parenchymatous tissues . Leaves simple, lobed or unlobed, or digitately or pedately compound to 1-3-pinnately compound, alternate, distichous, variously toothed , commonly with multicellular , stalked , caducous spherical structures known as "pearl" glands ; stipules 2 or rarely absent, often caducous. Flowers small, with prophylls, in panicles, corymbs, or rarely spikes, often leaf-opposite, pseudo-terminal , or axillary (in Cayratia and Tetrastigma), actinomorphic , hypogynous, 4- or 5(-7 as in Rhoicissus) -merous. Calyx with 4 or 5(-7) small teeth or lobes or a continuous ring. Petals valvate , 4 or 5(-7), free or basally connate , or distally connate forming a calyptra (e.g. , in Vitis) . Stamens 4 or 5(-7), antepetalous ; anthers introrse , dehiscing longitudinally, tetrasporangiate or rarely bisporangiate . Floral disk intrastaminal , ring-shaped, cupular, or gland-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovules 2 per locule; placentation axile , appearing nearly basal, apotropous or anatropous , bitegmic, crassinucellar; style simple, connate; stigma discoid or capitate, rarely 4-lobed (Tetrastigma), not papillate . Fruit a berry, 1-4-seeded. Seeds endotestal, with an abaxial chalazal knot and an adaxial raphe with 2 furrows , one on each side; embryo straight, small; endosperm oily, proteinaceous, copious , ruminate .

About 14 genera and ca. 900 species: worldwide, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions; eight genera and 146 species (87 endemic, two introduced ) in China.

The family is important for grapes, wine, and raisins (especially Vitis vinifera, and several other species and hybrids of Vitis) . There are a few ornamental climbers in the genera Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus, and Tetrastigma, of which Parthenocissus tricuspidata of China and Japan and P. quinquefolia of eastern North America are well-known examples. Some plants (e.g., Ampelopsis japonica, Cissus quadrangularis, and Tetrastigma hemsleyanum) are highly regarded medicines.[1]

Genus Ampelopsis

Lianas, woody, hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious . Tendrils 2- or 3-branched. Leaves simple , 1- or 2-pinnately or palmately compound . Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, leaf-opposed or pseudoterminal, often at tips of tendrils. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx saucer-shaped . Petals 5, free . Disk well developed, margin undulately lobed . Stamens 5. Style conspicuous ; stigma inconspicuously expanded. Berry spherical , 1-4-seeded. Seed obovoid , base rostrate , apex rounded ; cross-section of endosperm M-shaped.

About 30 species: Asia, Central and North America, with most species in E Asia and two species in SW Asia; 17 species (13 endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,181 meters (0 to 13,717 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: Yes • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring • Fruit/Seed Period End: Summer • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No

Growth

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: Low • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Low • Minimum pH: 4.0 • Maximum pH: 8.0 • Fertility Requirement: Medium

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun . • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 35 • Maximum Precipitation: 60 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -13 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 110 • Cold Hardiness: 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Aster carolinianus Walt. • Lasallea caroliniana (Walt.) Semple & L. Brouillet • Virgulus carolinianus (Walt.) Reveal & Keener • Vitis arborea L.

Notes

Publishing author : Koehne Publication : Deut. Dendrol. 400 1893

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ampelopsis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. aconitifolia (Monkshood Vine) · A. arborea (Pepper Vine) · A. brevipedunculata (Amur Pepper-Vine) · A. cordata (Heart-Leaf Ampelopsis) · A. humulifolia (Ampelopsis) · A. mexicana (Mexican Peppervine)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 509, p. 510, p. 510.
• Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York, New York Academy of Sciences. url p. 205, p. 333, p. 660.
• Annual report / Florida State Geological Survey. Tallahassee, Fla.: Capital Pub. Co., state printer, url p. 125, p. 133, p. 197, p. 205, p. 250, p. 274, p. 284, p. 289, p. 306, p. 317, p. 332, p. 418, p. 90.
• Annual report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture of the State of Michigan. .. Lansing: The Board, 1862- url p. 47.
• Annual report of the State Horticultural Society of Missouri. Jefferson City, Mo.: The Society, 1894-[1907] url , p. 385.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. url p. 1112.
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 47 - 51 1980 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 28, p. 30.
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• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 5, October 1990: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN url p. 141.
• Botanical explorations in southern Texas during the season of 1894. [Lancaster, Pa.]The New Era Printing House, 1895. url p. 63.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 6 1922 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 41, p. 75, p. 83.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 263, p. 285, p. 54.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1917 1917 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 90.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 150 1984 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 411.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 37 1910 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 115, p. 119, p. 315, p. 422, p. 587, p. 615.
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• Bulletin, Gulf Biologic Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and Immigration., 1902-1910. url p. 24.
• Bulletins of American paleontology. 23 1935 Ithaca, N.Y., Paleontological Research Institution [etc.] url p. 130.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 6 1901 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 101, p. 202, p. 403, p. 421, p. 454, p. 533, p. 611, p. 733.
• Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United by L. H. Bailey. .. assisted by William Miller. .. and many expert cultivators and botanists. London: The Macmillan company, 1909. url p. 1936, p. 320, p. 60.
• Economic botany of Alabama. University, Ala., 1913-1928. url p. 264.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 18.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 226, p. 41.
• Fieldbook of native Illinois shrubs, by Leo R. Tehon. .. Urbana, Natural History Survey Division, 1942. url p. 195, p. 195, p. 196, p. 196.
• Flood tolerance of plant species in bottomland forests of the southeastern United States / 1992. url p. 104, p. 105, p. 109, p. 110, p. 114, p. 115, p. 116, p. 117, p. 122, p. 127, p. 129, p. 133, p. 141, p. 142, p. 143, p. 144, p. 146, p. 148, p. 156, p. 158, p. 159, p. 163, p. 165, p. 170, p. 174, p. 176, p. 178, p. 179, p. 193, p. 194.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 110.
• Flora of Miami; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the Everglade Keys and in the adjacent Everglades, southern peninsular Florida. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 117, p. 117.
• Flora of the District of Columbia and vicinity. By A.S. Hitchcock and Paul C. Standley, with the assistance of the botanists of Washington. WashingtonGovt. print. off.1919 url p. 202.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 758.
• Florida wild flowers; an introduction to the flora of the Florida peninsula, by Mary Francis Baker, photographs by the author. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. url p. 241.
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• Gray's new manual of botany, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearranged and extensively revised by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson. .. and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. .. New York, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Co.[c1908] url p. 563, p. 563.
• Gray's new manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, New York, American Book Co.[c1908] url .
• Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] url , p. 70.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 1933 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 155.
• List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 221.
• Luther Burbank, his methods and discoveries and their practical application; London, Luther Burbank Press, 1914-15. url .
• Luther Burbank: his methods and discoveries and their practical application / prepared from his original field notes covering more than 100, 000 experiments made during forty years devoted to plant improvement; with the assistance of the Luther Burbank Society and its entire me London: Luther Burbank Press, 1914-15. url , p. 216.
• Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 615.
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 839.
• Native woody plants of the United States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1938. url p. 101, p. 52.
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• New illustrated encyclopedia of gardening, unabridged. Edited by T.H. Everett, with contributions from twenty horticulturists and authorities in the United States and Canada. New York, Greystone Press[1964-] url p. 99.
• New manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearr. and extensively rev. by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[c1908] url p. 563.
• Ornamental gardening in Florida, by Charles Torrey Simpson; a treatise on the decorative plants adapted to Florida and their cultivation, with suggestions for the ornamentation of Florida homes and grounds. Little River, Fla., The author, 1916. url p. 187, p. 187.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 128, p. 153, p. 201, p. 359, p. 40, p. 5, p. 68, p. 81.
• Plant life of Alabama, an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. By Charles Mohr. .. Montgomery, Ala., Brown printing co., 1901. url p. 101, p. 611.
• Plant life of Alabama. An account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state. Prepared in cooperationwith the Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1901. url , .
• Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. url p. 101, p. 611.
• Plant materials of decorative gardening; the woody plants. Urbana, The author, 1921. url p. 99.
• Plants of Mississippi: a list of flowering plants and ferns / by E.N. Lowe. [Jackson, Miss.]: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1921. url p. 193.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 197, p. 44, p. 48.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 220, p. 848, p. 852, p. 855, p. 856.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 16, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652170
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-28631
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13743866
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:67408-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 317138
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 28631
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 67407-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDVIT01010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AMAR5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20054

Footnotes

1. Prof. Zhiduan Chen, Hui Ren & Jun Wen "Vitaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 33, 115, 173. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Prof. Zhiduan Chen & Jun Wen "Ampelopsis". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 173, 178. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 96.370 meters (316.175 feet), Standard Deviation = 251.750 based on 1,089 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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