Amelanchier arborea

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Amelanchier

Shrubs or trees , deciduous; buds conspicuous , narrowly conical , with several scales . Leaves simple , petiolate , stipulate , venation camptodromous , margin entire or serrate. Racemes terminal ; bracts caducous . Hypanthium campanulate . Sepals 5, margin entire. Petals 5, white, oblong or lanceolate, slender. Stamens 10-20. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule, separated by a false partition from back of locule; styles 2-5, partly connate or free . Fruit a small berrylike pome, bluish black to dark purple, usually juicy and sweet, incompletely 4-10-loculed, with one seed in each locule, crowned by persistent , usually recurved sepals.

About 25 species: Asia, Europe, North America; two species (one endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: For bark effect. Specimen planting . Small grouping. Flower effect. Naturalized areas. Wet sites. Background or screen . • Liabilities: Rusts, scales , aphids and mildews .

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,092 meters (0 to 3,583 feet).[3]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Transplant from container . Prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soil. Full sun to partial shade. Tolerant of pollution . Thrives in wet site.

Soil: Minimum pH: 4.5 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Amelanchier botryapium Spach • Amelanchier canadensis Darl. • Amelanchier canadensis var. botryapium (L. F.) Torr. & A. Gray • Amelanchier canadensis var. tomentula Sarg. • Amelanchier intermedia Blanch. • Amelanchier ovalis var. subcordata Dc. • Amelanchier wangenheimiana (Tausch) M. Roem. • Amelancus canadensis Medik. Ex Vollm. • Aronia arborea Barton • Aronia botryapium Elliott • Aronia cordata Raf. • Aronia nivea Neumann Ex Tausch. • Aronia subcordata Raf. ex Dc. • Malus microcarpa Raf. • Mespilus amelanchier var. nivea (Marshall) Castigl. • Mespilus arborea F. Michx. • Mespilus arborea F.Michx. • Mespilus canadensis var. cordata Michx. • Mespilus canadensis Walter • Mespilus nivea Marshall • Pyrus botryapium Wangenh. • Pyrus wangenheimiana Tausch

Notes

Publishing author : Fernald Publication : Rhodora xliii. 563 1941

Basionym author: (F.Michx.)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Amelanchier

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 65 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. alnifolia (June Berry) · A. alnifolia var. alnifolia (Saskatoon Service-Berry) · A. alnifolia var. compacta (Saskatoon Serviceberry) · A. alnifolia var. cuyamacensis (Saskatoon Serviceberry) · A. alnifolia var. dakotensis (Saskatoon Serviceberry) · A. alnifolia var. florida (Saskatoon Serviceberry) · A. alnifolia var. humptulipensis (Saskatoon Serviceberry) · A. alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Pacific Serviceberry) · A. alnifolia var. siskiyouensis (Saskatoon Serviceberry) · A. alnifolia var. subintegra (Saskatoon Serviceberry) · A. alnifolia 'Regent' (Saskatoon) · A. alnifolia 'Smokey' (Saskatoon) · A. arborea (Downy Serviceberry) · A. arborea var. alabamensis (Downy Serviceberry) · A. arborea var. austromontana (Downy Serviceberry) · A. arborea 'Cumulus' (Cumulus Serviceberry) · A. bartramiana (Bartram Shadbush) · A. canadensis (Canadian Serviceberry) · A. canadensis var. alnifolia (Thicket Serviceberry) · A. canadensis var. fernaldii (Thicket Serviceberry) · A. canadensis var. laevis (Thicket Serviceberry) · A. canadensis var. semiintegrifolia (Thicket Serviceberry) · A. canadensis var. stolonifera (Thicket Serviceberry) · A. canadensis'Glenform' (Glenform Rainbow Pillar Serviceberry) · A. canadensis 'Glenn Form' (Canadian Serviceberry) · A. canadensis 'Sprizam' (Shadblow Serviceberry) · A. cusickii (Cusick's Serviceberry) · A. fernaldii (Fernald Serviceberry) · A. humilis (Low Service-Berry) · A. interior (Pacific Serviceberry) · A. intermedia (Intermediate Serviceberry) · A. laevis (Allegheny Service-Berry) · A. laevis 'Prince Charles' (Allegheny Serviceberry) · A. laevis 'Snowcloud' (Allegheny Serviceberry) · A. laevis 'Snowflakes' (Allegheny Serviceberry) · A. laevis 'Spring Flurry' (Allegheny Serviceberry) · A. lamarckii (Apple Serviceberry) · A. nantucketensis (Nantucket Serviceberry) · A. neglecta (Neglected Serviceberry) · A. obovalis (Coastal Serviceberry) · A. obovalis 'Jennybelle' (Coastal Serviceberry) · A. ovalis comafredensis (Dwarf Garden Serviceberry) · A. pallida (Pale Serviceberry) · A. pumila (Dwarf Service-Berry) · A. quinti-martii (Quint-Mart's Serviceberry) · A. sanguinea (Huron Serviceberry) · A. sanguinea var. arguta (Round-Leaf Serviceberry) · A. sanguinea var. gaspensis (Gaspe Serviceberry) · A. sanguinea var. grandiflora (Roundleaf Serviceberry) · A. sanguinea var. pumila (Round-Leaf Serviceberry) · A. sanguinea var. sanguinea (Roundleaf Serviceberry) · A. spicata var. stolonifera (Low Serviceberry) · A. spicata 'Rajamaki' (Dwarf Serviceberry) · A. stolonifera (Juneberry) · A. utahensis (Sarvis Tree) · A. utahensis var. covillei (Utah Serviceberrry) · A. utahensis var. utahensis (Utah Serviceberry) · A. x grandiflora (Apple Serviceberry) · A. × grandiflora 'Autumn Brilliance' (Apple Serviceberry) · A. x grandiflora 'Cole's Select' (Cole's Select Apple Serviceberry) · A. x grandiflora 'Forest Prince' (Apple Serviceberry) · A. x grandiflora 'Princess Diana' (Apple Serviceberry) · A. x grandiflora 'Robin Hill' (Apple Serviceberry) · A. x intermedia (Intermediate Serviceberry) · A. x neglecta (Neglected Serviceberry)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A User's guide to CERC's Field Research Facility / by W.A. Birkemeier. .. [et al.]. Fort Belvoir, Va.: National Technical Information Service, Operations Division [distributor, 1981] url p. 117.
• American species of Amelanchier, Urbana, The University of Illinois press, 1946. url p. 102, p. 15, p. 17, p. 29, p. 34, p. 35, p. 39, p. 40, p. 41, p. 42, p. 43, p. 66.
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 29 - 41 1957 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 10, p. 10, p. 11, p. 27, p. 58, p. 7, p. 9, p. 9.
• Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 505.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url p. 1828, p. 1835, p. 1836, p. 1839.
• Checklist of plants of the Ottawa District. Ottawa, 1958. url p. 49.
• Common and scientific names of weeds in Canada = Noms populaires et scientifiques des plantes nuisibles du Canada / Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada = Agriculture et agroalimentaire Canada, c2000. url p. 76.
• Drainage, drought, defoliation, and death in unmanaged Connecticut forests / New Haven: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1971. url p. 50.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 132, p. 133, p. 15, p. 3, p. 30, p. 4, p. 45, p. 5, p. 79, p. 8.
• Flood tolerance of plant species in bottomland forests of the southeastern United States / 1992. url p. 161, p. 191.
• Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. url p. 139.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 120.
• Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 168, p. 175.
• Illinois wild flowers, by John Voss and Virginia S. Eifert. Springfield, [1960] url p. 27.
• In the field: the bulletin of the Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago, IL: Field Museum of Natural History, c1990- url p. 13.
• Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 181, p. 182, p. 185, p. 46, p. 49.
• Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia, American Entomological Society, 1916- url p. 63.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 20.
• North American trees (exclusive of Mexico and tropical United States) A handbook designed for field use, with plates and distribution maps. Ames, Iowa State University Press[1961] url p. 251.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 310, p. 312.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 102, p. 2, p. 287, p. 354, p. 357, p. 85, p. 96.
• Plant health care for woody ornamentals: a professional's guide to preventing and managing environmental stresses and pests / [Urbana, Ill.]: Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, c1997. url p. 193, p. 194.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 692.
• Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 123, p. 52.
• Stand dynamics in Connecticut forests-the new series plots (1959-2000) / New Haven: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, [2005] url p. 22.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 10, p. 49.
• The Asa Gray bulletin. 2 1953 Ann Arbor, Mich. url p. 22.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 152, p. 266, p. 32, p. 33, p. 478, p. 481, p. 634, p. 635, p. 636, p. 637, p. 661, p. 775, p. 84, p. 89, p. 90.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 39 1958 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 159, p. 884, fig. 3, page 907.
• The preservation and management of vegetation in ravines in Highland Park, Illinois: a report / prepared by Kenneth R. Robertson and E. B. Himelick of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois. Urbana: The Survey, 1977. url p. 12, p. 16.
• Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 134.
• Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 102, p. 110, p. 12, p. 142, p. 145, p. 147, p. 151, p. 155, p. 173, p. 18, p. 196, p. 40, p. 47, p. 47, p. 90, p. 93.
• Vascular plants of the Sangamon River basin; annotated checklist and ecological summary [by] Almut G. Jones and David T. Bell. [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, [1974] url p. 5.
• Woody plants in winter; a manual of common trees and shrubs in winter in the Northeastern United States and southeastern Canada, by Earl L. Core and Nelle P. Ammons. Pittsburgh, Boxwood Press[1958] url p. 111.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
• Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
• Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
• ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist. Release date: August 1, 2007
• IOPI-GPC
• Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Nielsen IC & Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
• Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
• Polhill RM, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• Rhytismatales database 2006.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Schrire BD, 1994-10 (from ILDIS).
• Sokoloff DD, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
• Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• The Virtual Field Herbarium.
• Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• Vaz AMSF, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Adenanthera intermedia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• van der Maesen LJG, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 29, 2008:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx River Bioblitz
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2650227
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-4788
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13544439
• GRIN Nomen Number: 2871
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25110
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 11133-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDROS05020
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13716

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Amelanchier". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 190. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 239.690 meters (786.385 feet), Standard Deviation = 198.940 based on 2,320 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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