Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Rabbit Bush, Triangle Burr Ragweed, Triangle Bursage, Triangle Leaf Bursage
Description
Family Compositae
The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.
Tribe Heliantheae
The Heliantheae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that can be readily recognized due to the association of a receptacular bract or chaff scale with each disk floret in the head . The heads usually include bisexual , actinomorphic disk florets with tubular corollas that have 4 or 5 distal lobes and also peripheral zygomorphic female or sometimes sterile florets with strap-shaped corollas that have 3 or fewer distal teeth. However, the ray flowers are sometimes absent and the heads are then discoid , containing only bisexual florets with tubular corollas. The pappus is absent or more commonly ranges from scales to stiff bristles . -- Gerald Carr.
Genus Ambrosia
Annuals
, perennials
, or shrubs
, 10-400+ cm (usually rhizomatous
). Stems erect
, decumbent
, or prostrate
, branched. Leaves usually cauline; opposite ± throughout or opposite (proximal
) and alternate or mostly alternate; sessile or petiolate
; blades
(or lobes
) deltate, elliptic
, filiform
, lanceolate, linear
, obovate
, ovate
, or rhombic
(and most intermediate shapes
), usually pinnately, sometimes palmately lobed
, ultimate
margins
entire or toothed
, faces
hairy
or glabrate
, usually gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular
. Heads discoid
(unisexual
, pistillate
proximal to or intermixed with staminates
, staminates usually in racemiform
to spiciform
arrays; rarely, single plants
all or mostly staminate or pistillate). Pistillate heads: phyllaries 12-30(-80+) in 1-8+ series, outer (1-) 5-8 distinct
or ± connate
, herbaceous, the rest (sometimes interpreted as paleae) ± connate, usually with free
tips
forming tubercles
, spines, or wings
(the whole becoming a hard perigynium or "bur") ; florets
1(-5+), corollas 0. Staminate heads: involucres cup-shaped to saucer-shaped
, 1.5-6+ mm diam.; phyllaries 5-16+ in ± 1 series, ± connate; receptacles ± flat or convex
; paleae spatulate to linear, membranous, sometimes villous
, hirtellous, and/or gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, sometimes none; florets 5-60+; corollas whitish or purplish, ± funnelform
, lobes 5, erect or incurved
; staminal
filaments
connate, anthers
distinct or weakly coherent. Cypselae (black) ± ovoid
or fusiform
, enclosed within globose
to obovoid
, pyramidal
, pyriform
, obconic, or fusiform, hard, smooth
, tuberculate
, spiny
, or winged
"burs"; pappi 0. x = 18.
Species 40+: tropical
to subtropical
and temperate
New World, mostly North America, some established
in Old World.[1]
Physical Description
Species Ambrosia deltoidea
Shrubs
, 30-80+ cm. Stems erect
. Leaves mostly
alternate; petioles
5-12+ mm; blades
deltate to lance-deltate, 12-25(-35)
× 5-12(-18) mm, bases
cuneate to truncate
, margins
toothed
,
abaxial
faces
± densely tomentulose
(between veins), adaxial
faces sparsely tomentulose, glabrescent
. Pistillate
heads
clustered, proximal
to staminates
; florets
2-3. Staminate heads:
peduncles 0.5-3(-5) mm; involucres ± cup-shaped, 4-8 mm diam.,
tomentulose; florets 12-30+. Burs: bodies ± fusiform
to globose
, 3-4 mm, usually stipitate-glandular
(little, if at all,
tomentulose), spines 20-30+, scattered
or on distal 1/2, ±
subulate
(the proximal basally flattened), 1-3 mm, tips
usually straight,
sometimes uncinate
. 2n = 36. [source]
Some specimens are intermediate for the char-acteristics that
distinguish Ambrosia deltoidea and A. chenopodiifolia.
The type of A. deltoidea may be better treated as conspecific
with that of A. chenopodiifolia. [source]
Habit: Subshrub , Shrub
Flowers: Bloom Period: February, March, April, May. • Flower Color: inconspicuous, none
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 18-24" tall.
Habitat
Sandy washes, benches; 200-1000 m [2].
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 18-24" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Asterales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Compositae
(
)
- Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Heliantheae
(
)
- Subtribe:
Ambrosiinae
(
)
- Genus:
Ambrosia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Ragweed [Greek ambrosia, "food of the gods," allusion unclear]
- Specific epithet:
deltoidea
- (Torr.) W.W.Payne
- Botanical name: - Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.) W.W.Payne
- Specific epithet:
deltoidea
- (Torr.) W.W.Payne
- Genus:
Ambrosia
(
- Subtribe:
Ambrosiinae
(
- Tribe:
Heliantheae
(
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
- Family:
Compositae
(
- Order:
Asterales
(
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Franseria confertiflora< /i> (Dc.) Rydb. • Franseria deltoidea Torrey • Franseria strigulosa Rydb. • Gaertneria tenuifolia Harvey & Gray • Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. (2): 15. 1853
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Comment: Data Providers: CONABIO, Govaerts World Compositae Checklist
A-G, IPNI, Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn
:lsid:compositae.org:names:41ACE642-E0D0-4EA7-B592-16C502CA55D7
Last scrutiny: 14-Oct-09
Similar Species
Members of the genus Ambrosia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 36 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
A. acanthicarpa (Annual Bursage) · A. ambrosioides (Ambrosia Bursage) · A. artemisifolia (Common Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia (Annual Bur-Sage Ambrosia Artemisiifolia) · A. artemisiifolia L. var. artemisiifolia L. (Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia L. var. paniculata (Michx.) Blank. (Annual Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia var. artemisiifolia (Common Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia var. elatior (Annual Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia var. paniculata (Annual Ragweed) · A. bidentata (Lance-Leaf Ragweed) · A. canescens (Hairy Ragweed) · A. chamissonis (Beach-Bur) · A. cheiranthifolia (Rio Grande Ragweed) · A. chenopodiifolia (San Diego Ambrosia) · A. confertiflora (Ragweed) · A. cordifolia (Heartleaf Bursage) · A. deltoidea (Rabbit Bush) · A. dumosa (Burro Bush) · A. elatior var. elatior (Ragweed) · A. eriocentra (Hollyleaf Bursage) · A. grayi (Bur Ragweed) · A. helenae (Helen Ragweed) · A. hispida (Coastal Ragweed) · A. ilicifolia (Holly-Leaf Bursage) · A. intergradiens (Intergrading Ragweed) · A. linearis (Linear-Leaf Bursage) · A. peruviana (Peruvian Ragweed) · A. psilostachya (Cuman Ragweed) · A. pumila (Dwarf Burr Ragweed) · A. tenuifolia (Field Ragweed) · A. tomentosa (Bur Sage Ragweed) · A. trifida (Blood Ragweed) · A. trifida var. texana (Texan Great Ragweed) · A. trifida var. trifida (Great Ragweed) · A. × helenae (Helen Ragweed) · A. × intergradiens (Intergrading Ragweed)
More Info
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Further Reading
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
- Payne, W. W. 1964. A re-evaluation of the genus Ambrosia (Compositae). J. Arnold Arbor. 45:421.
- Wiggins, I. L. 1980. Flora of Baja California. (F Baja)
- Ambrosia (Compositae). J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 401430.
- Payne, W. W. 1964. A re-evaluation of the genus
- Peterson, K. M. and W. W. Payne. 1973. The genus Hymenoclea (Compositae: Ambrosieae). Brittonia 25: 243256.
- Strother, J. L. and B. G. Baldwin. 2002. Hymenocleas are ambrosias (Compositae). Madroño 49: 143144.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 16, 2008:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657931
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-4597
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749036
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:176077-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 103819
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36505
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 176077-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST0C0C0
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AMDE4
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20779
Footnotes
- John L. Strother "Ambrosia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 3, 9, 10, 25. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Ambrosia deltoidea". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 11, 14. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
