Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Brown Bentgrass, Brown Bent, Brown Bent Grass
Common Names in German:
Sand-Straußgras
Common Names in Russian:
Polevitsa Vinogradnikovaia
Description
Genus Agrostis
Annuals
or perennials
, tufted
or sometimes with rhizomes or stolons. Leaf blades
linear
to filiform
or setaceous
, flat or rolled; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a panicle, open to contracted
or spikelike. Spikelets
with 1 floret, small, often gaping
, without rachilla extension
; rachilla disarticulating above glumes
; glumes persistent
, longer
than floret, subequal
or lower a little longer, membranous, 1-veined, apex subacute
to acuminate; floret callus glabrous
or shortly pilose
; lemma oblong
to elliptic
, thinner than glumes, often hyaline
, 5-veined, rounded
on back, glabrous or hairy
, lateral
veins sometimes excurrent, awnless or awned
from back, apex truncate
or toothed
; awn
usually geniculate
, sometimes weakly so or straight when short; palea shorter than lemma, sometimes very small. Stamens 3. Caryopsis oblong, sulcate
on ventral side.
About 200 species:temperate and cold regions of the N hemisphere, also on tropical
mountains; 25 species (eight endemic) in China.
The genus includes some good fodder
and lawn plants
.
Some species are superficially very similar, and correct identification depends on careful observation of spikelet details. It is also important to collect the basal parts to show the presence or absence of rhizomes and stolons. When the palea is long it is normally obvious, but small paleas usually adhere to the mature
caryopsis and may appear to be absent. The presence or absence of awns is useful for identification, but awned species may have awnless variants
, and vice versa, and the position of the awn on the lemma back can also be rather variable.[1]
Physical Description
Species Agrostis vinealis
Perennial
, tufted
, shortly rhizomatous
. Culms
erect
from a geniculate
base
, 30-60 cm tall, ca.
1 mm in diam., 3-noded. Leaf sheaths
smooth
;
leaf blades narrowly linear
, flat or weakly rolled, grayish green,
5-8 cm × 0.5-2 mm, scabrid
; ligule 1.5-3 mm, apex obtuse
. Panicle
lanceolate to narrowly ovate
, 7-12 cm; branches 2-5 per node, laxly
ascending
, slender, moderately scabrid. Spikelets
2-2.5 mm, purple;
glumes
oblong-lanceolate, subequal
, lower slightly longer
, keel scabrid
or almost smooth on upper glume, apex acuminate; callus hairs
ca.
0.2 mm; lemma 2/3 spikelet length, awned
from slightly below middle
to lower 1/3, or awnless, apex obtuse; awn
geniculate, 3-3.5 mm;
palea very small. Anthers
1-1.5 mm.
Fl.
and fr. summer and autumn.
[source]
Agrostis vinealis lies
at the center of a complex
of closely
related taxa, including in China A. flaccida and A. turkestanica.
Characters separating the taxa are very slight, which has led to
differences in opinion
as to their taxonomic
status. Agrostis
vinealis itself is widespread in Eurasia
, but other members
are
usually of more restricted
distribution. Agrostis trinii,
based on an E Asian element with very scabrid leaf blades
, has been
reported from NE China. Other characters used to distinguish it are
conflicting in the literature, and it seems impossible to maintain
it as distinct
. [source]
Habit: Graminoid
Flowers: Bloom Period: n/a • Flower Color: inconspicuous, none
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 12-18" tall.
Habitat
Damp grassy places; 1500-1700 m [2].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,061 meters (0 to 10,043 feet).[3]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 12-15" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
)
- Auct.
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Juncanae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Juncanae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
A. canina trinii (Turczaninow) Hulton • A. canina var. mon-tana Hartman • A. coarctata trinii (Turczaninow) H. Scholz • A. flaccida trinii (Turczaninow) T. Koyama • A. flaccida var. trinii (Turczaninow) Ohwi • A. vinealis trinii (Turczaninow) Tzvelev. • Agrostis alba var. vinealis (Schreb.) Richter • Agrostis canina montana (Hartman) Hartman • Agrostis canina var. montana Hartman • Agrostis stricta J. F. Gmel. • Agrostis trinii Turcz. • Agrostis vinealis trinii (Turcz.) Tzvelev
Notes
Publishing author : Brot. Publication : Fl. Lusit. 1: 74 1804
Similar Species
Members of the genus Agrostis
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 51 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
A. aequivalvis (Arctic Bentgrass) · A. alascana (Alaska Bentgrass) · A. alba var. major (Black Bent) · A. avenacea (Pacific Bentgrass) · A. blasdalei (Blasdale Bentgrass) · A. blasdalei var. blasdalei (Blasdale Bentgrass) · A. canina (Brown Bentgrass) · A. canina canina (Velvet Bent Grass) · A. capillaris (Brown-Top Bent) · A. capillaris var. aristata (Colonial Bent) · A. capillaris 'Jorvik' (Common Bent 'jorvik') · A. castellana (Bentgrass) · A. clavata (Clavate Bentgrass) · A. clivicola (Coastal Bluff Bentgrass) · A. clivicola var. clivicola (Coastal Bluff Bent Grass) · A. clivicola var. punta-reyesensis (Point Reyes Bentgrass) · A. densiflora (California Bentgrass) · A. elliottiana (Elliot Bentgrass) · A. exarata (Longtongue Bentgrass) · A. exarata var. exarata (Spike Bentgrass) · A. gigantea (Black Bent) · A. hallii (Hall's Bentgrass) · A. hallii var. hallii (Hall's Bentgrass) · A. hendersonii (Henderson's Bentgrass) · A. hooveri (Hoover Bentgrass) · A. howellii (Howell's Bentgrass) · A. humilis (Alpine Bentgrass) · A. hyemalis (Winter Bentgrass) · A. idahoensis (Idaho Bentgrass) · A. idahoensis var. idahoensis (Idaho Bentgrass) · A. longiligula var. longiligula (Longtongue Bentgrass) · A. mertensii (Arctic Bentgrass) · A. microphylla (Small-Leaf Bentgrass) · A. microphylla var. microphylla (Smallleaf Bentgrass) · A. muelleriana (He'u-Pueo) · A. nebulosa (Bentgrass) · A. oregonensis (Oregon Bentgrass) · A. pallens (Leafy Bentgrass) · A. perennans (Autumm Bentgrass) · A. pringlei (Pringle's Bentgrass) · A. rossiae (Mountain Bentgrass) · A. sandwicensis (Hawai'i Bentgrass) · A. scabra (Hairgrass) · A. scabra var. scabra (Rough Bentgrass) · A. stolonifera (Carpet Bentgrass) · A. stolonifera palustris (Creeping Bent Grass) · A. stolonifera var. stolonifera (Creeping Bentgrass) · A. tandilensis (Kennedy's Bentgrass) · A. variabilis (Mountain Bentgrass) · A. vinealis (Brown Bentgrass) · A. vinealis vinealis (Brown Bentgrass)
More Info
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Further Reading
- A natural history of British grasses / by E.J. Lowe. London: John C. Nimmo, 1891. url p. 55.
- Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 24 1931 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 159, p. 44, p. 45, p. 49, p. 51, p. 52, p. 54, p. 55, p. 59, p. 60, p. 63, p. 68, p. 688, p. 72, p. 75, p. 79, p. 80, p. 81, p. 83, p. 84, p. 85, p. 87, p. 88.
- Hortus Gramineus Woburnensis; or, An account of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different grasses and other plants used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals; instituted by John, Du London, J. Ridgway, 1824. url p. 72.
- Hortus gramineus woburnensis; or, An account of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different grasses and other plants used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals: instituted by John, du By George Sinclair. London: J. Ridgway, 1826. url p. 64.
- The English flora. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, [1828-30] url p. 90.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 30, 2007:
- Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2663568
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-182511
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2671206
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:386505-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 310136
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 182511
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 386502-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA041L0
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AGVIT
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20290
Footnotes
- Sheng-lian Lu & Sylvia M. Phillips "Agrostis". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 317, 340, 348, 349, 351, 353, 358, 359, 361. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Agrostis vinealis". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 341, 347, 348. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 222.030 meters (728.445 feet), Standard Deviation = 246.580 based on 4,346 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
