Description
Family Chenopodiaceae
Herbs annual
, subshrubs
, or shrubs
, rarely perennial
herbs or small trees
. Stems and branches sometimes jointed
(articulate
) ; indumentum of vesicular hairs
(furfuraceous
or farinose
), ramified (dendroid), stellate
, rarely of glandular
hairs, or plants
glabrous
. Leaves alternate or opposite, exstipulate
, petiolate
or sessile; leaf blade
flattened, terete
, semiterete, or in some species reduced to scales
. Flowers monochlamydeous
, bisexual
or unisexual
(plants monoecious or dioecious, rarely polygamous) ; bracteate
or ebracteate
. Bractlets
(if present) 1 or 2, lanceolate, navicular
, or scale-like. Perianth membranous, herbaceous, or succulent, (1-) 3-5-parted; segments imbricate, rarely in 2 series, often enlarged and hardened in fruit, or with winged
, acicular
, or tuberculate
appendages
abaxially, seldom unmodified (in tribe
Atripliceae female flowers without or with poorly developed perianth borne between 2 specialized bracts or at base
of a bract) . Stamens shorter than or equaling perianth segments and arranged opposite them; filaments
subulate
or linear
, united
at base and usually forming a hypogynous disk, sometimes with interstaminal lobes
; anthers
dorsifixed
, incumbent
in bud, 2-locular, extrorse
, or dehiscent
by lateral
, longitudinal
slits, obtuse
or appendaged at apex. Ovary superior, ovoid
or globose
, of 2-5 carpels, unilocular
; ovule 1, campylotropous; style
terminal
, usually short, with 2(-5) filiform
or subulate stigmas, rarely capitate, papillose
, or hairy
on one side or throughout. Fruit a utricle, rarely a pyxidium (dehiscent capsule) ; pericarp membranous, leathery, or fleshy
, adnate
or appressed
to seed. Seed horizontal, vertical
, or oblique
, compressed
globose, lenticular
, reniform
, or obliquely ovoid; testa crustaceous
, leathery, membranous, or succulent; embryo annular
, semi-annular, or spiral
, with narrow cotyledons; endosperm much reduced or absent; perisperm
abundant or absent.
Probably about 100 genera and 1400 species (depending on taxonomic
opinions
) : mainly in arid
areas, deserts, and coastal and saline habitats
of N and S Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America; 42 genera (two endemic, two introduced
) and 190 species (21 endemic, six introduced) in China.
Many species of Chenopodiaceae are adapted to, and are major components
of, arid or ruderal
environments. They are often intimately involved with the daily life of people. For example, Beta vulgaris is one of the most important sources for sugar
; Chenopodium quinoa is a new high-protein crop
; Spinacia oleracea and Beta vulgaris are excellent vegetables; Dysphania ambrosioides and Salsola collina are used medicinally; seeds of Agriophyllum squarrosum are called "sand-rice" locally and are edible; seeds of Corispermum declinatum are used for making gin; the ash of Halogeton arachnoideus and some species of Salsola contains soda which is used in noodle-making; and Anabasis aphylla can be used as an insecticide
. Many species are important as animal forage
in desert, semidesert, and steppe
regions, and some species make good windbreaks and soil binders. Haloxylon ammodendron has been used extensively in biological reconditioning of the desert.Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants "Chenopodiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 352. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Caryophyllanae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Suborder:
Chenopodiineae
(
)
- Family:
Chenopodiaceae
(
)
- Ventenat, 1799
- Goosefoot Family
- Genus:
Aellenia
(
)
- Specific epithet:
bispidula
- (Bunge) Botsch.
- Botanical name: - Aellenia bispidula (Bunge) Botsch.
- Specific epithet:
bispidula
- (Bunge) Botsch.
- Genus:
Aellenia
(
- Family:
Chenopodiaceae
(
- Suborder:
Chenopodiineae
(
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
- Superorder:
Caryophyllanae
(
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Aellenia
There are approximately 13 species in this genus:
A. auricula · A. autranii · A. bispidula · A. glauca · A. hiemchuntica · A. iliensis · A. lancifolia · A. sistanica · A. subaphylla · A. subaphyllus charifii · A. turcomanica · A. vestita · A. × manoutcherii
Bibliography
- Kung Hsien-wu, Chu Ge-lin, C. P. Tsien Cho-po, Ma Cheng-gung & Li An-jen. 1979. Chenopodiaceae. In: Kung Hsien-wu & C. P. Tsien Cho-po, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(2): 1â194.
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Notes
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10598932
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15354535
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:163320-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 163320-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3336651
