Acrostichum aureum

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Pteridaceae

Genera ca. 40, species ca. 1000 (13 genera, 90 sp: worldwide.

Considerable disagreement exists concerning the circumscription and proper name of this family . The taxa comprising the Pteridaceae in this treatment were assigned to the Sinopteridaceae and Pteridaceae by D. B . Lellinger (1985) and were included in five families by R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli (1977). The broad concept followed here is similar (except for the exclusion of Ceratopteris ) to that espoused by R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon (1982), who applied the name Pteridaceae to the group. Until very recently, the newer name Adiantaceae was more commonly used.

As represented in North America, Pteridaceae comprise three major evolutionary lines (the adiantoids, the pteroids, and the cheilanthoids). Characteristics holding the family together include abaxial (usually submarginal ) sori that lack indusia or are protected by a reflexed or revolute leaf margin , spores that are usually globose-tetrahedral and trilete, and chromosome base numbers of 30 or 29 (rarely 27). The xeric-adapted members of the family (particularly the cheilanthoids) have undergone extensive parallel and convergent evolution, and they have frustrated attempts to produce a natural generic classification based on macromorphologic characteristics alone. Although some workers have aggregated species into a few large genera (e.g. , J. T. Mickel 1979b), most tend to recognize smaller segregate genera based on a combination of morphologic, chromosomal, and biochemical data. The latter approach seems to provide a more useful, evolutionarily informative classification and is the one adopted here. Aspidotis and Notholaena are maintained here as distinct from Cheilanthes, and three recently described genera ( Argyrochosma, Astrolepis, and Pentagramma ) have been incorporated into the treatment. The reasons for these changes in generic circumscription are discussed under the individual genera.[1]

Genus Acrostichum

Plants terrestrial in fresh- or saltwater habitats . Stems erect or creeping , branched; scales dark brown, concolored, linear-lanceolate, margins entire. Leaves slightly dimorphic , clustered, 1--5 m. Petiole brown, with a single groove adaxially, glabrous , smooth or with scale scars , with several abaxial vascular bundles and 2 adaxial vascular bundles. Blade lanceolate, pinnate, leathery, abaxially glabrous or hispid , adaxially dull, not striate , glabrous; rachis straight. Pinnae stalked, free from rachis, narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 2--5 cm wide; base cuneate; stalk green; margins plane ; fertile leaves bearing sporangia on most pinnae or on only more distal pinnae (fertile pinnae may be slightly smaller than sterile ones). Veins of pinnae conspicuous, strongly anastomosing. False indusia absent. Sporangia spread over abaxial surface, mixed with paraphyses (sori acrostichoid ), containing 64 spores. Spores yellow, tetrahedral , minutely tuberculate or roughened, equatorial flange absent. x = 30.

Species 3, possibly more: worldwide, warm and tropical regions .[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Coastal mangrove swamps, salt marshes, low hammocks , along lake and canal margins ; 0--50 m [3].

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 25 meters (81 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Chrysodium Aureum

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 2:1069. 1753

Name verified on 08-Jun-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 08-Jun-1995

Similar Species

Members of the genus Acrostichum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 363 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. accedens · A. acrocarpum · A. actinolepis · A. aculeatum · A. acuminans · A. acuminatum · A. aemulum · A. affine · A. alatum · A. albescens · A. albidulum · A. album · A. alcicorne · A. alienum · A. alpestre · A. alpinum (Northern Woodsia) · A. ambiguum · A. amygdalifolium · A. andicola · A. angamarcanum · A. angulatum · A. antisanae · A. antrophyoides · A. apiifolium · A. apodum · A. appendiculatum · A. araneosum · A. areolatum (Netted Chainfern) · A. asplenoides · A. assurgens · A. attenuatum · A. aubertii · A. aureo-nitens · A. aureonitens · A. aureum (Coastal Leather Fern) · A. aureum var. corallina · A. aureum var. hirsutum · A. aureum var. speciosum · A. auricomum · A. auriculatum · A. auritum · A. australe · A. axillare · A. backhousianum · A. bakeri · A. barbarum · A. barbatum · A. beaurepairei · A. bernoullii · A. bicolor · A. bicuspe · A. bifidum · A. biforme · A. bifurcatum · A. blanchetii · A. blumeanum · A. bonariense (Golden Cloak Fern) · A. boragineum · A. borbonicum · A. boryanum · A. botryoides · A. brevipes · A. brightiae · A. burchellii · A. caenopteris · A. caespitosum · A. calaguala · A. callaefolium · A. callifolium · A. calomelanos · A. canaliculatum · A. castaneum · A. catanense · A. caudatum · A. caulolepia · A. celebicum · A. cervinum · A. chartaceum · A. chodatii · A. christii · A. chrysoconium · A. chrysolepis · A. chrysophyllum · A. ciliare · A. ciliatum · A. cinereum · A. citrifolium · A. cladorrhizans · A. cladotrichium · A. conforme · A. conopodium · A. contaminans · A. cordatum · A. corderoanum · A. corpulentum · A. crassifolium · A. crassinerve · A. crassipes · A. crinitum · A. crispatulum

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• "Acrostichum aureum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 23 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• GBIF-Spain, CUBA: Herbario de la Academia de Ciencias, La Habana, Cuba: HAC-Pteridophyta
• GBIF-Spain, CUBA:Herbario del Jardín Botánico Nacional, La Habana, Cuba: HAJB-Pteridophyta
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Chemical Laboratory, IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2644521
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-17305
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13728419
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:87521-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 312513
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 17305
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 17001160
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PPPTE01010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ACAU3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19577

Footnotes

1. Michael D. Windham "Pteridaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Robert M. Lloyd "Acrostichum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Acrostichum aureum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Standard Deviation = 616.080 based on 386 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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