Abutilon hirtum

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Abutilon

Herbs, subshrubs , shrubs , or small trees . Stipules usually caducous ; leaf blade usually entire (lobed in A. pictum), palmately veined, base cordate, margin crenate or serrate. Flowers axillary or subterminal , solitary, paired or in small cymes, often aggregated into terminal panicles. Epicalyx absent. Calyx campanulate , lobes 5. Corolla mostly yellow or orange (red in A. roseum), often with dark center, campanulate to wheel-shaped, rarely ± tubular (A. pictum) ; petals 5, basally connate and adnate to filament tube . Anthers many, clustered at filament tube apex. Ovary (5-) 7-20-loculed; ovules 2-9 per carpel; style branches as many as carpels. Fruit a schizocarp, often blackish when mature , subglobose to hemispherical; mericarps (5-) 7-20, eventually dehiscent , apex rounded or acute, sometimes 2-awned, pericarp leathery. Seeds reniform , glabrous or slightly pubescent .

About 200 species: mostly in tropics and subtropics; nine species (three endemic, one introduced ) in China.

Several species have become widespread tropical weeds . One species, Abutilon pictum, is widely grown as an ornamental .[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Grasslands; 300-1300 m. Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia (Arabia), Australia]. [source]

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,775 meters (0 to 5,823 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Abutilon Graveolens Hirtum • Abutilon Hirtum • Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Var. hirtum (Lam.) Griseb. • Abutilon Indicum Hirtum

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Abutilon

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 119 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. abutiloides (American Indian-Mallow) · A. asiaticum (Asian Indian Mallow) · A. auritum (Asian Indian Mallow) · A. berlandieri (Berlandier Indian Mallow) · A. chittendenii (Canary Tree) · A. eremitopetalum (Hidden-Petaled Abutilon) · A. fruticosum (Indian Mallow) · A. grandiflorum (Hairy Indian Mallow) · A. grandifolium (Hairy Indian Mallow) · A. hirtum (Florida Key Indian-Mallow) · A. hulseanum (Mauve) · A. hybridum (Chinese-Lantern) · A. hybridum 'Albus' (White Flowering Maple) · A. hybridum 'Kathy Bells' (Abutilon) · A. hybridum 'Luteus' (Yellow Flowering Maple) · A. hypoleucum (White-Leaf Indian-Mallow) · A. incanum (Indian Mallow) · A. incanum incanum (Edible Hibiscus) · A. incanum pringlei (Pringle's Abutilon) · A. incanum subsp. pringlei (Pringle's Abutilon) · A. indicum (American Indian-Mallow) · A. malacum (Yellow Indian Mallow) · A. megapotamicum (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Little Imp' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Melon Delight' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Paisley' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Pink' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Red' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Seashell' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Sunset' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Variegatum' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Victory' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Victor's Folly' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. menziesii (Ko'oloa 'ula) · A. molle (Hairy Abutilon) · A. mollicomum (Sonora Indian-Mallow) · A. palmeri (Palmer Indian Mallow) · A. parishii (Parish Indian Mallow) · A. parvulum (Dwarf Abutilon) · A. permolle (Coastal Indian Mallow) · A. pictum (Painted Indian Mallow) · A. pictum 'Gold Dust' (Abutilon) · A. pictum 'Marginata' (Flowering Maple) · A. pictum 'Thompsonii' (Flowering Maple) · A. pictum 'Thompsonii Yellow' (Abutilon) · A. pictum 'Vesuvius' (Abutilon) · A. purpurascens (Night Flowering Maple) · A. reventum (Yellow-Flower Indian-Mallow) · A. roseum (Red-Flowered Abutilon) · A. sandwicense (Greenflower Indian Mallow) · A. 'Savitzii' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. spinifex (Gingerbush) · A. striatum (Redvein Indian Mallow) · A. theophrasti (Butter Print) · A. thurberi (Thurber Abutilon) · A. trisulcatum (Angle-Stem Indian-Mallow) · A. virginianum (Jost Van Dyke's Indian Mallow) · A. vitifolium (Abutilon) · A. vitifolium 'Tennant's White' (Tennant's White Flowering Maple) · A. wrightii (Wright Abutilon) · A. incanum (Glossy Abelia) · A. x hybridum (Chinese Bellflower) · A. x suntense (Indian Mallow) · A. × suntense 'Violetta' (Suntense Flowering Maple) · A. x 'Moned' (Super Red® Flowering Maple) · A. 'Apollo' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Apricot' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Ashford Red' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Baby Orange' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Bartley Schwartz' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Bella Coral' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Pink' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Select Mix' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Vanilla' (Abutilon) · A. 'Canary Bird' (Canary Bird Flowering Maple) · A. 'Chinese Red' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Clementine' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Dame Vanessa' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Dwarf Red' (Dwarf Red Flowering Maple) · A. 'Eric Lilac' (Abutilon 'eric Lilac') · A. 'Fon Vai' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Frieda' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Fruit Punch' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Gingerbomb' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Harvest Moon' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Huntington Pink' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Ines' (Abutilon 'ines') · A. 'Kentish Belle' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Kristen's Pink' (Kristen's Pink Flowering Maple) · A. 'Linda Vista Peach' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Louis Marignac' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Luteus' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Magic Lantern' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Marianne' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Melon Sorbet' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Millie Houghton' (Abutilon 'millie Houghton') · A. 'Mobile Pink' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Moonchimes' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Orange Hot Lava' (Abutilon 'orange Hot Lava') · A. 'Pablo's Tangelo' (Flowering Maple)

More Info

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Further Reading

• An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 32.
• Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya. Colombo: Skien; 1901-1924. url , p. 139.
• Bengal plants: a list of the phanerogams, ferns and fern-allies indigenous to, or commonly cultivated in, the Lower provinces and Chittagong, with definitions of the natural orders and genera, and keys to the genera and species. 2 1903 Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India1903. url p. 1271.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Botanical publications of E.D. Merrill. [New York, etc., 1899- url p. 197.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1922 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 545.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1916 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 65.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 8 1912-1914 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 397.
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 355.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 1920-1926 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 751.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 1 1939 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 11, p. 18, p. 42.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 67.
• Flora of Costa Rica. .. by Paul C. Standley. .. 18 1937 Chicago, 1937. url p. 665.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. 24 1949 Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1949. url p. 329.
• Flora of Jamaica, containing descriptions of the flowering plants known from the island, by William Fawcett and Alfred Barton Rendle. London.Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1910- url p. 100.
• Flora of Peru: Sapindageae / by J. Francis Macbride. 13 1956 Chicago, [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1956] url p. 496.
• Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. 3 1930 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 345.
• Flora of the Presidency of Madras / by J.S. Gamble. London: West, Newman and Adlard, 1915- url p. 91.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 763, p. 763.
• Flora of tropical Africa. By Daniel Oliver. .. assisted by other botanists. London, L. Reeve, 1868-1902. url p. 183.
• Journal and proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 12 1901 Calcutta, Asiatic Society of Bengal. url p. 259.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. 30 1892 London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 328.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url .
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 847.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 17 1918 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 146, p. 147.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 188.
• Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. url p. 124.
• Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 763.
• Synoptical flora of North America. New York, American Book Company, 1878-1895/97 [v.2, pt. 1, 1878] url p. 327.
• The Bahama flora, New York, The Authors, 1920. url .
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, The authors, 1920. url p. 265, p. 265, p. 265, p. 265.
• The Philippine journal of science. 5 1910 Manila. url p. 197.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. 1 1875 London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 327.
• The flora of British India. London, L. Reeve & Co., 1875-97. url .
• The flora of the American Virgin Islands / N.L. Britton. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1918. url p. 67.
• The flora of the Dutch West Indian islands. .. by I. Boldingh. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1909-14. url p. 180, p. 63.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 751.
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2647657
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-21660
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741369
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558279-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 744
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 21660
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 558277-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMAL02060
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ABHI
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 404

Footnotes

1. "Abutilon". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 275. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 446.000 meters (1,463.255 feet), Standard Deviation = 762.820 based on 5 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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