Abutilon fruticosum

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Abutilon

Herbs, subshrubs , shrubs , or small trees . Stipules usually caducous ; leaf blade usually entire (lobed in A. pictum), palmately veined, base cordate, margin crenate or serrate. Flowers axillary or subterminal , solitary, paired or in small cymes, often aggregated into terminal panicles. Epicalyx absent. Calyx campanulate , lobes 5. Corolla mostly yellow or orange (red in A. roseum), often with dark center, campanulate to wheel-shaped, rarely ± tubular (A. pictum) ; petals 5, basally connate and adnate to filament tube . Anthers many, clustered at filament tube apex. Ovary (5-) 7-20-loculed; ovules 2-9 per carpel; style branches as many as carpels. Fruit a schizocarp, often blackish when mature , subglobose to hemispherical; mericarps (5-) 7-20, eventually dehiscent , apex rounded or acute, sometimes 2-awned, pericarp leathery. Seeds reniform , glabrous or slightly pubescent .

About 200 species: mostly in tropics and subtropics; nine species (three endemic, one introduced ) in China.

Several species have become widespread tropical weeds . One species, Abutilon pictum, is widely grown as an ornamental .[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,016 meters (0 to 6,614 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 9.0

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Abutilon

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 119 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. abutiloides (American Indian-Mallow) · A. asiaticum (Asian Indian Mallow) · A. auritum (Asian Indian Mallow) · A. berlandieri (Berlandier Indian Mallow) · A. chittendenii (Canary Tree) · A. eremitopetalum (Hidden-Petaled Abutilon) · A. fruticosum (Indian Mallow) · A. grandiflorum (Hairy Indian Mallow) · A. grandifolium (Hairy Indian Mallow) · A. hirtum (Florida Key Indian-Mallow) · A. hulseanum (Mauve) · A. hybridum (Chinese-Lantern) · A. hybridum 'Albus' (White Flowering Maple) · A. hybridum 'Kathy Bells' (Abutilon) · A. hybridum 'Luteus' (Yellow Flowering Maple) · A. hypoleucum (White-Leaf Indian-Mallow) · A. incanum (Indian Mallow) · A. incanum incanum (Edible Hibiscus) · A. incanum pringlei (Pringle's Abutilon) · A. incanum subsp. pringlei (Pringle's Abutilon) · A. indicum (American Indian-Mallow) · A. malacum (Yellow Indian Mallow) · A. megapotamicum (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Little Imp' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Melon Delight' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Paisley' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Pink' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Red' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Seashell' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Sunset' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Variegatum' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Victory' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. megapotamicum 'Victor's Folly' (Chinese Lanterns) · A. menziesii (Ko'oloa 'ula) · A. molle (Hairy Abutilon) · A. mollicomum (Sonora Indian-Mallow) · A. palmeri (Palmer Indian Mallow) · A. parishii (Parish Indian Mallow) · A. parvulum (Dwarf Abutilon) · A. permolle (Coastal Indian Mallow) · A. pictum (Painted Indian Mallow) · A. pictum 'Gold Dust' (Abutilon) · A. pictum 'Marginata' (Flowering Maple) · A. pictum 'Thompsonii' (Flowering Maple) · A. pictum 'Thompsonii Yellow' (Abutilon) · A. pictum 'Vesuvius' (Abutilon) · A. purpurascens (Night Flowering Maple) · A. reventum (Yellow-Flower Indian-Mallow) · A. roseum (Red-Flowered Abutilon) · A. sandwicense (Greenflower Indian Mallow) · A. 'Savitzii' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. spinifex (Gingerbush) · A. striatum (Redvein Indian Mallow) · A. theophrasti (Butter Print) · A. thurberi (Thurber Abutilon) · A. trisulcatum (Angle-Stem Indian-Mallow) · A. virginianum (Jost Van Dyke's Indian Mallow) · A. vitifolium (Abutilon) · A. vitifolium 'Tennant's White' (Tennant's White Flowering Maple) · A. wrightii (Wright Abutilon) · A. incanum (Glossy Abelia) · A. x hybridum (Chinese Bellflower) · A. x suntense (Indian Mallow) · A. × suntense 'Violetta' (Suntense Flowering Maple) · A. x 'Moned' (Super Red® Flowering Maple) · A. 'Apollo' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Apricot' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Ashford Red' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Baby Orange' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Bartley Schwartz' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Bella Coral' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Pink' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Select Mix' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Vanilla' (Abutilon) · A. 'Canary Bird' (Canary Bird Flowering Maple) · A. 'Chinese Red' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Clementine' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Dame Vanessa' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Dwarf Red' (Dwarf Red Flowering Maple) · A. 'Eric Lilac' (Abutilon 'eric Lilac') · A. 'Fon Vai' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Frieda' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Fruit Punch' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Gingerbomb' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Harvest Moon' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Huntington Pink' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Ines' (Abutilon 'ines') · A. 'Kentish Belle' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Kristen's Pink' (Kristen's Pink Flowering Maple) · A. 'Linda Vista Peach' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Louis Marignac' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Luteus' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Magic Lantern' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Marianne' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Melon Sorbet' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Millie Houghton' (Abutilon 'millie Houghton') · A. 'Mobile Pink' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Moonchimes' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Orange Hot Lava' (Abutilon 'orange Hot Lava') · A. 'Pablo's Tangelo' (Flowering Maple)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 391.
• A record of plants collected in Southern Rhodesia; arramged on Engler's system. Compiled by Fred. Eyles. Cape Town, 1916 url p. 412.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1909 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 92.
• Catalogue of the African plants London, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1896-1901. url .
• Flora barbadensis: a catalogue of plants, indigenous, naturalized, and cultivated, in Barbados: to which is prefixed, a geological description of the island /by James Dottin Maycock. 1830 London: J. Ridgeway, 1830. url p. 263.
• Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai: from the Taurus to Ras Muhammas and from the Mediterranean sea to the Syrian desert / by Rev. George E. Post. Beirut, Syria: Syrian Protestant college[1896] url p. 179.
• Flora of tropical Africa. By Daniel Oliver. .. assisted by other botanists. London, L. Reeve, 1868-1902. url p. 183.
• Journal of Indian botany. Madras: Methodist Pub. House, 1919-1923. url p. 101, p. 102, p. 103, p. 104.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. 30 1892 London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 326, p. 327, p. 328, p. 329, p. 330, p. 424.
• Oliver, D. Flora of tropical Africa /by Daniel Oliver. .. assisted by other botanists. 1 1868 London: L. Reeve and co., 1868-1999. url p. 183.
• Some account of the fauna and flora of Sinai, Petra, and Wa?dy 'Arabah, London, Pub. for the Committee of the Palestine exploration fund by A. P. Watt, 1891. url , , , .
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 520.
• The IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book IUCN url p. 590.
• The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay: The Society, url p. 64, p. 900.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 37 1904 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 545.
• The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai) / Dale J. Osborn, Ibrahim Helmy. 5 1980 [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1980. url p. 45.
• The flora of British India. London, L. Reeve & Co., 1875-97. url .
• The flora of Jamaica; a description of the plants of that island, arranged according to the natural orders. With and appendix, containing an enumeration of the genera according to the Linnaean system, and an essay on the geographical destribution of the species. By James Macfadyen, M. D. Vo. I. Ranunculac London, Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman; [etc., etc.]1837. url p. 103, p. 103.
• The flora of the presidency of Bombay / By Theodore Cooke. London: Taylor and Francis, 1903-08. url p. 98.
• The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1832-1936 url p. 119.
• The natural history of Sokotra and Abdel-Kuri: being the report upon the results of the Conjoint Expedition to these Islands in 1898-9, by Mr. W.R. Ogilvie-Grant. .. and Dr. H.O. Forbes. .. / edited by Henry O. Forbes. Liverpool: The Free Public Museums, Henry Young and Sons, 1903. url p. 457.
• Vernacular list of trees, shrubs, and woody climbers in the Madras Presidency. Madras, Printed by the Superintendant, Government Press, 1915. url p. 399, p. 503, p. 688, p. 918.
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• GBIF-Spain, Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2663312
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-181989
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558229-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 429405
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 181989
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 326450-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMAL02120
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ABFR3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 402

Footnotes

1. "Abutilon". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 275. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 356.500 meters (1,169.619 feet), Standard Deviation = 602.620 based on 10 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.