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Violeae

(Tribe)

Overview

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A Tribe in the Kingdom Plantae.

Taxonomy

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The Tribe Violeae is a member of the Subfamily Violoideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Violeae:

The Tribe Violeae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Abies

Firs (Abies) are a genus of 48?55 species of evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. They are found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, occurring in mountains over most of the range. Firs are most closely related to the cedars (Cedrus); Douglas-firs are not true firs, being of the genus Pseudotsuga. [more]

Aeschynanthus

Aeschynanthus is a genus of ca. 185 species of tropical herbs. They are found in southern and southeastern Asia, the islands of Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. They are usually trailing epiphytes with brightly colored flowers that are pollinated by sunbirds. Among the better known species are and Aeschynanthus radicans. The genus name comes from a contraction of aischuno (to be ashamed) and anthos (flower). The common name for some species is "lipstick plant", which comes from the appearance of the developing buds of some species. A full list of the accepted species and their synonyms can be found in the Smithsonian Institution's World Checklist of Gesneriaceae. [more]

Aganisia

Aganisia Lindl. 1839, is a small South American genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), subfamily Epidendroideae. [more]

Agapetes

Agapetes is a semi-climbing shrub genus native to the Himalayas, grown as an ornamental for its attractive pendulous benches of red tubular flowers blooming over a long period. It is mostly grown in climates from cool temperate to sub-tropical. Propagation is from cuttings. [more]

Agatea

[more]

Ailanthus

Ailanthus (; derived from ailanto, an Ambonese word probably meaning "tree of the gods" or "tree of heaven") is a genus of trees belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, in the order Sapindales (formerly Rutales or Geraniales). The genus is native from east Asia south to northern Australasia. [more]

Anchietea

[more]

Antholyza

Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of gladius, a sword) is a genus of perennial bulbous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). Sometimes called the sword lily, the most widely used English common name for these plants is simply gladiolus (plural gladioli, gladioluses or sometimes gladiolas). [more]

Araiostegia

Araiostegia is a genus of twelve epiphytic or terrestrial ferns from tropical Asia belonging to the hares-foot fern family. It has finely pinnate thinly textured fronds arising from long scaly stalks jointed to creeping rhizomes. [more]

Argyroderma

Argyroderma is a genus consisting of over 50 species of succulents in the iceplant family from South Africa. [more]

Asparagus

Asparagus officinalis is a spring vegetable, a flowering perennial plant species in the genus Asparagus. It was once classified in the lily family, like its Allium cousins, onions and garlic, but the Liliaceae have been split and the onion-like plants are now in the family Amaryllidaceae and asparagus in the Asparagaceae. Asparagus officinalis is native to most of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated as a vegetable crop. [more]

Asphodelus

Asphodelus is a genus of mainly perennial plants native to western, central and southern Europe, but now spread worldwide. Asphodels are popular garden plants, which grow in well-drained soils with abundant natural light. Now placed in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae, like many lilioid monocots, the genus was formerly placed in the lily family (Liliaceae). [more]

Astilbe

Astilbe () is a genus of 18 species of perennial, herbaceous flowering plants, within the family Saxifragaceae. Some species are commonly known as False Goat's Beard, and False Spirea. Astilbe species are native to Asia and North America. [more]

Athyrium

Athyrium (Lady-fern) is a genus of about 180 species of terrestrial ferns, with a cosmopolitan distribution. [more]

Beaufortia

Beaufortia may refer to: [more]

Blechnum

Blechnum (hard fern) is a genus of between 150?220 species of ferns with a cosmopolitan distribution, in the family Blechnaceae in the in the eupolypods II clade of the order Polypodiales. By far the greatest species diversity is in tropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere, with only a few species reaching cool temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (notably B. penna-marina, south to Cape Horn, Chile, the southernmost fern in the world) and Northern Hemisphere (notably B. spicant, north to Iceland and northern Norway). [more]

Bomarea

Bomarea is one of the two major in the plant family Alstroemeriaceae. Most occur in the Andes. Several species are occasionally found as garden plants. [more]

Bulbine

Bulbine is a genus of plants in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae, named for the bulb-shaped tuber shown by many of the species. (Formerly it was placed in the Liliaceae.) Bulbine is found chiefly in Southern Africa, with few species extending into tropical Africa and a few species in Australia. [more]

Buxus

Buxus is a genus of about 70 species in the family Buxaceae. Common names include box (majority of English-speaking countries) or boxwood (North America). [more]

Calceolaria

Calceolaria L. (), also called Lady's purse, Slipper flower and Pocketbook flower, or Slipperwort, is a genus of plants in the Calceolariaceae family, sometimes classified in Scrophulariaceae by some authors. This genus consists of about 388 species of shrubs, lianas and herbs, and the geographic range extends from Patagonia to central Mexico, with its distribution centre in Andean region. Calceolaria in Latin means shoemaker. [more]

Cephalotaxus

Cephalotaxus, commonly called Plum Yew or Cowtail Pine, is a genus of conifers comprising 11 species, treated in either the Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense. The genus is endemic to eastern Asia, though fossil evidence shows it had a wider Northern Hemisphere distribution in the past. The species are evergreen shrubs and small trees reaching 1-10 m (rarely to 20 m) tall. [more]

Cheirolophus

The Maltese Centaury or Maltese Rock-centaury (Cheirolophus crassifolius) is a species of in the Asteraceae family. It is monotypic within the genus Cheirolophus. It is the national plant of Malta, where it is endemic. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and rocky shores. It is threatened by habitat loss. [more]

Chionochloa

[more]

Chuniophoenix

Chuniophoenix is a genus of in the Arecaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Codonopsis

Codonopsis is a genus of flowering plant within the family Campanulaceae. It is allied to and Leptocodon, and some authors suggest that Codonopsis should include these genera. Without them, Codonopsis includes 55 species endemic to East Asia. [more]

Conophytum

[more]

Coriaria

Coriaria is the sole genus in the family Coriariaceae. It includes about 30 species of , shrubs and small trees, with a widespread but disjunct distribution across warm temperate regions of the world, occurring as far apart as the Mediterranean region, southern and eastern Asia, New Zealand (where there are some alpine species), the Pacific Ocean islands, and Central and South America. [more]

Cornus

[more]

Corokia

Corokia is a in the Argophyllaceae family comprising about ten species native to New Zealand and one native to Australia. Corokia species are shrubs or small trees with zigzagging branches. In fact, corokia cotoneaster is commonly known as wire-netting bush. The stems of the shrubs are dark when mature, covered with downy or silky hairs (tomentum) when young. In spring, they produce clusters of small, star shaped yellow blossoms. Berries are red or yellow. The shrubs prefer forests and rocky areas, sun or light shade, reasonably well drained soil, and moderate watering. [more]

Corynostylis

[more]

Dasyphyllum

Dasyphyllum is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Echinospermum

[more]

Ehretia

Trees or shrubs. Leaves petiolate, entire or serrate at margin. Inflorescences corymbose or paniculate-cymose. Calyx 5- lobed. Corolla white or pale yellow, tubular or tubular-campanulate, rarely funnelform, 5-lobed; lobes spreading or reflexed. Filaments usually exserted; anthers ovate to oblong or linear. Ovary ovoid, 2-loculed, each locule with 2 ovules. Style terminal, 2-cleft; stigmas 2, capitate or elongated. Drupes yellow, orange, or pale red, subglobose, glabrous, endocarp divided at maturity into 2 2-seeded or 4 1-seeded pyrenes.[1] [more]

Fagus

Trees, winter-deciduous. Terminal buds present, long, tapered in maturity, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in acute or obscure tooth. Inflorescences unisexual, axillary in new growth leaves; staminate inflorescence lax, loosely capitate cluster of flowers; pistillate inflorescence short, stiff, cupule 1, terminal. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens 6-16; pistillode typically absent. Pistillate flowers 2 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination; cupule 4-valved, valves distinct, ±completely enclosing nuts until maturity, prickly, prickles stout, unbranched, short, not obscuring surface of cupule, internal valves absent; nuts 2 per cupule, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged. x = 12.[2] [more]

Fascicularia

Fascicularia is a of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae with very few species. The genus Fascicularia is indigenous to Chile. In the wild, all Fascicularias are either terrestrial or saxicolous. [more]

Galanthus

Galanthus (Snowdrop; Greek g?la "milk", ?nthos "flower") is a small genus of about 20 species of bulbous herbaceous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Most flower in winter, before the vernal equinox (20 or 21 March in the Northern Hemisphere), but certain species flower in early spring and late autumn. [more]

Ginkgo

Ginkgo is a genus of highly unusual non-flowering plants with one extant species, G. biloba, which is regarded as a living fossil. The most recently described new species (fossil) is Ginkgo huolinhensis. [more]

Glottiphyllum

[more]

Guzmania

Guzmania is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Tillandsioideae. The genus name is for Anastasio Guzman, Spanish pharmacist and naturalist. [more]

Heuchera

The genus Heuchera () includes at least 50 species of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Saxifragaceae, all native to North America. Common names include alumroot and coral bells. They have palmately lobed leaves on long petioles, and a thick, woody rootstock. The genus was named after Johann Heinrich von Heucher (1677?1746), an 18th century German physician. [more]

Hosta

Hosta (, syn.: Funkia) is a genus of about 23?45 species of lily-like plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, native to northeast Asia. They have been placed in their own family, Hostaceae (or Funkiaceae); like many 'lilioid monocots', they were once classified in the Liliaceae. The scientific name is also used as the common name; in the past they were also sometimes called the Corfu Lily, the Day Lily, or the Plantain lily, but these terms are now obsolete. The name Hosta is in honor of the Austrian botanist Nicholas Thomas Host. The Japanese name Giboshi is also used in English to a small extent. The rejected generic name Funkia, also used as a common name, can be found in some older literature. [more]

Hybanthus

Hybanthus is a genus of the family Violaceae. This genus name is Greek for "humpback flower", referring to the drooping pedicels of plants that are part of this genus. The genus is grossly polyphyletic and may contain up to seven different genera, of which Pombalia Vand., Cubelium Raf. and Pigea DC. have been previously recognised. [more]

Hypoestes

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Kniphofia

Kniphofia (), also called Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily or Poker plant, is a genus of plants in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae, that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]

Lampranthus

Lampranthus is a genus of plants in the family . One of the species in this genus is L. roseus, the mini ice plant. Other species in this genus include L, haworthii and L. aberdeen. All Lampranthus species flower between June and August with flower colors including red, orange, peach, yellow and light pink through to magenta and purple. [more]

Leea

Leea (Tagalog: Talyantan) is a genus of plants that are distributed throughout Northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, South and Southeast Asia and parts of Africa. Leea contains approximately 70 species and is placed in the Vitaceae family. The APG II system places Leea in the subfamily (Vitaceae). Leea is often placed in its own family, Leeaceae, based on morphological differences between it and Vitaceae. These differences include ovule number per locule (two in Vitaceae and one in Leeaceae), carpel number (two in Vitaceae and three in Leeaceae), and the absence or presence of a staminoidal tube (present in Leeaceae) and floral disc (present in Vitaceae). Pollen structure has also been examined for taxonomic demarcation, though studies have concluded that the pollen of Leeaceae and Vitaceae suggests the families should remain separate while other studies conclude that Leea should be included in Vitaceae. [more]

Mestoklema

[more]

Modiolastrum

[more]

Noisettia

[more]

Pericallis

Pericallis is a small genus of about 14 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Canary Islands and Madeira. The genus includes herbaceous plants and small subshrubs. In the past, the genus was often included in either Cineraria or Senecio. [more]

Phemeranthus

Herbs, perennial, caulescent (subscapose in P. humilis), glabrous. Roots sometimes tuberous, fleshy to woody. Stems ascending to erect, simple or branching, sometimes suffrutescent. Leaves alternate or subopposite, sometimes subrosulate, petiolate or sessile, articulate at base, not clasping but sometimes with auriculate, membranous to chartaceous basal enations, attachment point round; blade terete, semiterete, or narrowly planate, 1-3 (10-20 in P. aurantiacus) mm wide, succulent (semisucculent in P. aurantiacus, P. sediformis, and P. spinescens). Inflorescences lateral and/or terminal (lateral sometimes appearing terminal due to congestion of leaves on very short stems), cymose or cymulose, not appearing secund, few- to many-flowered, or flowers solitary and axillary; peduncle very short to elongate, sometimes scapelike. Flowers pedicellate (sometimes subsessile or sessile in P. parviflorus), each opening for 2-4 hours from afternoon to early evening of a single day, sometimes facultatively cleistogamous; sepals promptly deciduous after anthesis or persistent through capsule development, distinct; petals fugacious, 5 or rarely more, distinct or sometimes basally connate; stamens 4-many, distinct or with filaments basally shortly coherent in several clusters, anther 2-locular, oblong (subglobose in P. rugospermus) ; gynoecium 3[-5]-carpelled, placentention free-central; style 1 [absent]; stigmas 1 or 3[-5]. Capsules longitudinally dehiscent from apex, 3-valved; valves deciduous, erect, exocarp and endocarp not evidently differentiated and not separating. Seeds many, black or brown, ± compressed, with or without ± parallel, arcuate ridges, estrophiolate, circular-reniform, small; seed coat lustrous, smooth (corrugate-rugulose in P. rugospermus), covered with pale white or gray, thin, dull, fleshy to chartaceous pellicle. x = 12.[3] [more]

Phygelius

Phygelius (E. Mey.ex Benth.), Cape fuchsia, is a of the Scrophulariaceae family. The genus is native to southern Africa. The plants are adapted to surviving severe summer conditions. Phygelius is not related to the Fuchsia genus, in spite of the common name. [more]

Polystichum

Polystichum is a genus of about 180 species of ferns with a cosmopolitan distribution. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with about 120 species in China alone; Africa (17 species), North America (15 species), and Europe (5 species) have much lower diversity. [more]

Porlieria

[more]

Porphyrocoma

Justicia is a genus of flowering plants in the bear's breeches family, Acanthaceae. The roughly 420 species it contains are native to tropical to warm temperate regions of the Americas, with two species occurring north into cooler temperate regions. Common names include water-willow and shrimp plant, the latter from the inflorescences, which resemble a shrimp in some species. The generic name honours Scottish horticulturist James Justice (1698-1763). [more]

Porroglossum

Porroglossum (from "far off" and "tongue", referring to the position of the lip) is a genus of orchids with 28 species, distributed in the Andes. This genus is abbreviated Prgm in horticultural trade. [more]

Portea

Portea (named for Dr. Marius Porte, French naturalist) is a of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, and is native to the Atlantic coast of Brazil. [more]

Portulacaria

Portulacaria is a plant . [more]

Schweiggeria

[more]

Serruria

[more]

Viola

Herbs perennial or biennial, rarely subshrubs, rhizomatous. Stem developed or absent, sometimes with creeping branches. Leaves simple, alternate or basal, margin entire, dentate, or dissected; stipules small or large, leaflike, free or ± adnate to petioles. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, solitary, often dimorphic (cleistogamous flowers later than chasmogamous ones) ; pedicels axillary, 2-bracteolate. Sepals slightly equal, usually basally auriculate. Petals unequal, anterior petal largest and basally spurred. Filaments free, very short; anthers free or mostly connivent into a sheath around ovary, 2 anterior ones with spurlike or wartlike and nectariferous appendages at base, these extending into anterior spur, connectives produced apically into conspicuous, membranous appendages. Ovary 3-carpelled, with many ovuled parietal placentae; styles nearly erect or usually ± curved downward, ± thickened or sometimes gradually tapering toward apex, entire or variously appendaged; style apex and stigma variously shaped. Capsule loculicidally and elastically 3-valved, valves carinate and abaxially thickened. Seeds globose-ovoid, arillate or not, usually smooth; endosperm abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons rather thick, plano-convex.[4] [more]

Vittadinia

[more]

Whitfieldia

Whitfieldia is a genus of in family Acanthaceae with about 10 species in tropical Africa. [more]

Ypsilandra

Herbs perennial, with a short, thickened, slightly fleshy rhizome, glabrous. Leaves basal, rosulate, linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate, or spatulate, basally gradually narrowed to a petiole. Scape arising from axils of lateral leaves, erect, simple, with several to many scaly leaves. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, 2--30-flowered; bract absent. Flowers bisexual, usually nodding at anthesis, ascending in fruit, spreading funnelform. Tepals 6, free, with a nectary gland basally on adaxial side, persistent. Stamens 6, rather long, free from tepals, inner ones basally adnate to ovary, outer ones free; anthers usually reniform, basifixed, with confluent locules. Ovary superior, 3-lobed, 3-loculed; ovules many per locule. Style 1, very short to long; stigma capitate to 3-cleft. Fruit a capsule, trigonous, 3-lobed apically, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, narrowly fusiform, both ends caudate.[5] [more]

At least 9 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Ypsilandra.

More info about the Genus Ypsilandra may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Ehretia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 333. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. Haining Qin & Peter Fritsch "Fagus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. Robert W. Kiger "Phemeranthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 458, 488, 489. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. "Viola". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 72, 74. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. Chen Sing-chi, Minoru N. Tamura "Ypsilandra". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 86. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 20:15:10