Overview
The mulleins (sg. ,[1] genus Verbascum, /v?r'b?sk?m/;[2] also known as velvet plants) are a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae). They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region.
They are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to 0.5?3 m tall. The plants first form a dense rosette of leaves at ground level, subsequently sending up a tall flowering stem. Biennial plants form the rosette the first year and the stem the following season. The leaves are spirally arranged, often densely hairy, though glabrous (hairless) in some species. The flowers have five symmetrical petals; petal colors in different species include yellow (most common), orange, red-brown, purple, blue, or white. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous minute seeds.
Selected species
Cultiva tion and uses
Various species have been introduced (and in some case naturalised) in the Americas, Australia and Hawaii.
The plant has a long history of use as a herbal remedy,[3] and is an effective treatment for asthma and respiratory disorders.[dubious ? discuss] Extracts made from the plant's flowers are a very effective treatment for ear infections.[citation needed] Although this plant is a recent arrival to North America, Native Americans used the ground seeds of this plant as a paralytic fish poison due to their high levels of rotenone.[citation needed] One species, Verbascum thapsus (Great mullein), is used as a herbal remedy for sore throat, cough, and lung diseases.[citation needed]
In gardening and landscaping, the mulleins are valued for their tall narrow stature and for flowering over a long period of time, even in dry soils. Since the year 2000, a number of new hybrid cultivars have come out that have increased flower size, shorter heights, and a tendency to be longer-lived plants. A number have new colors for this genus. Many mulleins are raised from seed, including both the short-lived perennial and biennial types.
Mullein is the active ingredient in many alternative smoking blends.
It is considered a first-rate drill for use in the hand drill method of friction fire lighting.
he mulleins (sg. ,[1] genus Verbascum, /v?r'b?sk?m/;[2] also known as velvet plants) are a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae). They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region.They are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to 0.5?3 m tall. The plants first form a dense rosette of leaves at ground level, subsequently sending up a tall flowering stem. Biennial plants form the rosette the first year and the stem the following season. The leaves are spirally arranged, often densely hairy, though glabrous (hairless) in some species. The flowers have five symmetrical petals; petal colors in different species include yellow (most common), orange, red-brown, purple, blue, or white. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous minute seeds.
Selected species
Cultiva tion and uses
Various species have been introduced (and in some case naturalised) in the Americas, Australia and Hawaii.
The plant has a long history of use as a herbal remedy,[3] and is an effective treatment for asthma and respiratory disorders.[dubious ? discuss] Extracts made from the plant's flowers are a very effective treatment for ear infections.[citation needed] Although this plant is a recent arrival to North America, Native Americans used the ground seeds of this plant as a paralytic fish poison due to their high levels of rotenone.[citation needed] One species, Verbascum thapsus (Great mullein), is used as a herbal remedy for sore throat, cough, and lung diseases.[citation needed]
In gardening and landscaping, the mulleins are valued for their tall narrow stature and for flowering over a long period of time, even in dry soils. Since the year 2000, a number of new hybrid cultivars have come out that have increased flower size, shorter heights, and a tendency to be longer-lived plants. A number have new colors for this genus. Many mulleins are raised from seed, including both the short-lived perennial and biennial types.
Mullein is the active ingredient in many alternative smoking blends.
It is considered a first-rate drill for use in the hand drill method of friction fire lighting.
References
- ^ "mullein". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 3rd ed. 2001.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606?607
- ^ Tierra, Michael, C.A., O.M.D.; John Lust, N.D. (2003). The Natural Remedy Bible (revised and updated ed.). New York: Pocket Books. pp. 164,180. ISBN 0-7434-6642-X.
- Flora Europaea: Verbascum
- Flora of China: Verbascum
- Davis, P. H., Edmondson, J. R., Mill, R. R., & Parris, B. S., eds. (1978). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 461.
External links
Texts on Wikisource:- Video of various Mullein uses
Taxonomy
The Genus Verbascum is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1,126 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Genus Verbascum: V. · V. 'Anglesey Sunshine' · V. 'Annie May' · V. 'Apricot Sunset' · V. 'Arctic Summer' · V. 'Aurora' · V. 'Avalon' · V. 'Aztec Gold' · V. 'Banana Custard' (Banana Custard Mullein) · V. 'Bill Bishop' · V. 'Blushing Bride' · V. 'Bold Queen' (Mullein) · V. 'Brookside' · V. 'Broussa' · V. 'Buttercup' · V. 'Butterscotch' · V. 'Camelot' · V. 'Caribbean Crush' (Caribbean Crush Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Catherine' · V. 'Charles Harper' · V. 'Charlotte' · V. 'Cherokee' · V. 'Cherry Helen' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Chilcombe' · V. 'Christo's Yellow Lightning' · V. 'Claire' · V. 'Clementine' · V. 'Clent Sunset' · V. 'Coneyhill Yellow' · V. 'Copper Rose' · V. 'Cotswold Beauty' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold Cream' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold King' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold Queen' (Mullien) · V. 'Daisy Alice' · V. 'Dark Eyes' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Dark Lady' · V. 'Dark Secret' · V. 'Dijon' · V. 'Dusky Maiden' · V. 'Ebenezer Howard' · V. 'Eleanor's Blush' · V. 'Elektra' · V. 'Ellenbank Jewel' · V. 'Ellenbank Rose' · V. 'Flower of Scotland' · V. 'Fothergills Mixed' · V. 'Foxy' · V. 'Frosted Gold' · V. 'Gainsborough' (Mullien) · V. 'Gold Nugget' · V. 'Golden Bush' · V. 'Golden Wings' · V. 'Guinevere' · V. 'Harkness Hybrid' · V. 'Helen Johnson' (Helen Johnson Mullein) · V. 'Hiawatha' · V. 'High Noon' · V. 'Honey Dijon' · V. 'Hot Gossip' · V. 'Hyde Hall Sunrise' · V. 'Innocence' · V. 'Jackie in Pink' (Jackie in Pink Verbascum) · V. 'Jackie In Spots' · V. 'Jackie in Yellow' · V. 'Jackie' (Jackie Mullein) · V. 'Jester' (Mullein 'jester') · V. 'Jolly Eyes' · V. 'June Johnson' · V. 'Kalypso' · V. 'Kathmandu' · V. 'Klondike' · V. 'Kynaston' · V. 'Ladywood' · V. 'Lavender Lass' (Mullein) · V. 'Lemon Queen' · V. 'Lemon Sorbet' · V. 'Letitia' (Letitia Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Linda' · V. 'Megan's Mauve' · V. 'Merlin' · V. 'Monster' · V. 'Moonshadow' · V. 'Mystery Blonde' · V. 'Nimrod' · V. 'Norfolk Dawn' · V. 'Pandora' · V. 'Patricia' · V. 'Petra' · V. 'Phoenix' · V. 'Pink Domino' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Pink Glow' · V. 'Pink Ice' · V. 'Pink Kisses' · V.'Pink Petticoat' · V. 'Pink Petticoats' (Pink Petticoats Mullien) · V. 'Plum Pudding' · V. 'Plum Smokey' (Plum Smokey Verbascum) · V. 'Primrose Cottage' · V. 'Primrose Path' · V. 'Primrose Skies' · V. 'Purple Prince' · V. 'Queen of Hearts' · V. 'Raspberry Ripple' (Mullein) · V. 'Raspberry Sorbet' · V. 'Rosie' · V. 'Royalty' (Mullein) · V. 'Saffron Towers' (Mullein) · V. 'Sierra Sunset' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Silberkandelaber' · V. 'Snow Maiden' (Mullien) · V. 'Sorcery' · V. 'Southern Charm' (Southern Charm Verbascum) · V. 'Spica' (Mullein) · V. 'Sugar Plum' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Summer Sorbet' (Summer Sorbet Mullien) · V. 'Sunset' · V. 'Temptress Purple' · V. 'Terra Rossa' · V. 'Tilney Moonbeam' · V. 'Tilney Sundown' · V. 'Tropic Blush' · V. 'Tropic Dawn' · V. 'Tropic Mystery' · V. 'Tropic Rose' · V. 'Tropic Spice' · V. 'Tropic Sun' · V. 'Turkey' · V. 'Twilight' · V. 'Valerie Grace' · V. 'Vernale' · V. 'Verpole' · V. 'Verrans' · V. 'Verwil' · V. 'Virginia' · V. 'Wessex' · V. 'Yellow Johnson' · V. abieticola · V. abieticolum · V. abietinum · V. abyadicum · V. acaule (Dwarf Mullein) · V. acaule 'Album' · V. acaule × phoeniceum · V. acuminatum · V. acutifolium · V. adamovicii · V. adeliae · V. adenanthum · V. adenocarpum · V. adenocaulon · V. adenophorum · V. adenosepalum · V. adenotrichum · V. adrianopolitanum · V. adulterinum · V. adzharicum · V. adzharicum 'Charles Delight' · V. adzharicum hybrid · V. aethiopicum · V. affine · V. afyonense · V. agastachyum · V. agrimoniifolium · V. agrimonioides · V. aintabicum · V. akdarense · V. alagezicum · V. alatum · V. album · V. alceoides · V. alepense · V. aliciae · V. Allestree hybrids · V. alopecuroides · V. alopecuros · V. alopecurus · V. alpestre · V. alpigenum · V. alpinum · V. alyssifolium · V. amanum · V. amasianum · V. ambigens · V. ambiguum · V. americanum · V. amoenum · V. anastasii · V. anatolicum · V. ancyritanum · V. andrusi · V. angustifolium · V. angustius · V. anisophyllum · V. annuum · V. antari · V. antilibanoticum · V. antinori · V. antiochium · V. antitauricum · V. aphentulium · V. aphyllopodum · V. apiculatum · V. aqranse · V. arbelense · V. arbusculum · V. arcturus (Cretan Bears Tail) · V. argentatum · V. argenteum · V. argyrostachyon · V. armeniacum · V. armenum · V. arnaizii · V. artvinense · V. aschersonii · V. aspersum · V. asperuloides · V. asperulum · V. aspinum · V. assurense · V. assurense var. singaricum · V. atheniense · V. atlanticum · V. atroviolaceum (Purple Mullein) · V. aucheri · V. aurantiacum · V. aureiforme · V. aureum · V. auriculatum · V. australe · V. austriacum · V. austroiranicum · V. avarorum · V. bakerianum · V. balcanicum · V. baldaccii · V. ballii · V. ballsianum · V. banaticum · V. barbeyi · V. barnadesii · V. barnadesii valentinum · V. barnadessi · V. barradense · V. barrandoni · V. barthii · V. basianicum · V. basivelatum · V. bastardi · V. battandieri · V. beckii · V. belasitzae · V. bellum · V. benthamianum · V. beryteum · V. berytheum · V. besnardii · V. betonicaefolium · V. betonicifolium · V. bicolle · V. bicolor · V. biebersteinii · V. biledschikianum · V. bipinnatifidum · V. biscutellaefolium · V. bithynicum · V. blancheanum · V. blatania · V. blattaria (White Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria 'Pink Beauty' · V. blattaria 'Pink White Blush' · V. blattaria 'Pink' (Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria f. albiflorum (Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria L. 'Alba' · V. blattaria L. 'Grandiflora' · V. blattaria pink-flowered · V. blattaria var. albiflorum · V. blattaria var. normalis · V. blattaria yellow-flowered (Moth Mullein) · V. blattariforme · V. blattarioides · V. blattarium · V. blatteria · V. boerhaavii · V. boerhavi · V. boerhavii · V. boerhavii f. bicolor · V. boerhavii var. bicolor · V. boerhavii var. knochei · V. boevae · V. bohemicum · V. boisseri · V. boissieri · V. bombyciferum (Turkish Mullein) · V. bombyciferum 'Arctic Snow' · V. bombyciferum 'Arctic Summer' (Turkish Mullein) · V. bombyciferum 'Pink Domino' · V. bombyciferum 'Polarsommer' · V. bombyciferum 'Silver Lining' · V. bombyciforme · V. bornmuelleranum · V. bornmuelleri · V. bornmuellerianum · V. bosnense · V. bottae · V. botuliforme · V. bourgeauanum · V. brachysepalum · V. bracteatum · V. bracteolatum · V. bracteosum · V. brandzae · V. brassicaefolium · V. brevidens · V. brevipedicellatum · V. bugulaefolium · V. bugulifolium · V. bulgaricum · V. burgeffii · V. caesareum · V. calabricum · V. calaurium · V. calvescens · V. calvum · V. calycinum · V. calycosum · V. camberiense · V. campestre · V. candelabrum · V. canescens · V. capitis-viridis · V. capusi · V. carduifolium · V. cariense · V. carmanicum · V. cataonicum · V. caucasicum · V. caudatum · V. ceccarinianum · V. cedreti · V. cedretioides · V. cedriti · V. celsiae · V. celsioides · V. ceratophyllum · V. cerinum · V. cernyi · V. chaixi · V. chaixii (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. chaixii × V. olympicum · V. chaixii 'Album' (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. chaixii 'Clent Sunrise' · V. chaixii 'Helene Bowles' · V. chaixii 'Pink Domino' · V. chaixii 'Sixteen Candles' (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. chaixii austriacum · V. chaixii chaixii · V. chaixii f. album 'Wedding Candles' · V. chaixii hybrid · V. chaixii laxum · V. chaixii var. album 'Milk Shake' · V. chaixii × 'Wendy's Choice' · V. charidemi · V. charidemii · V. charputense · V. chaudharyanum · V. chazaliei · V. cheiranthifolium · V. chinense · V. chionophyllum · V. chiovendae · V. chium · V. chrysanthum · V. chryserium · V. chrysochaete · V. chrysorrhacos · V. chrysostallostemum · V. cibinense · V. cilicia · V. cilicicum · V. cinereum · V. cisalpinum · V. claytoni · V. clinantherum · V. coeruleum · V. collinsi · V. collinum · V. commixtum · V. compactum · V. condensatum · V. confusum · V. congestum · V. conocarpum · V. conocarpum conradiae · V. conoideum · V. cordifolium · V. coromandelianum · V. coromandelianum sinense · V. coromandelicum · V. coronopifolium · V. corynephorum · V. cossonianum · V. cotoneum · V. crassifolium · V. crenatifolium · V. cretica (Cretan Mullein) · V. creticum · V. creticum 'Allomnis' · V. creticum white-flowered · V. crystallostemon · V. cucullatibracteum · V. cupreum · V. cuspidatum · V. cylindraceum · V. cylindrocarpum · V. cylleneum · V. cymigerum · V. cystolithicum · V. daenense · V. daenzeri · V. dalamanicum · V. damascenum · V. davidoffii · V. davisianum · V. debeauxii · V. decaisneanum · V. decorum · V. decurrens · V. decursivum · V. degenii · V. delileanum · V. delphicum · V. demirizianum · V. densiflorum (Dense-Flowered Mullein) · V. dentatum · V. dentifolium · V. denudatum · V. deserticola · V. detersile · V. dieckianum · V. digitalis · V. dimoniei · V. dingleri · V. dirupatae · V. discolor · V. disjectum · V. divaricatum · V. diversifolium · V. divrikianum · V. doiranense · V. dominii · V. drymophilum · V. drymophyloides · V. dubium · V. dudleyanum · V. duernsteinense · V. dumulosum (Dwarf Mullein) · V. dumulosum × pestalozzae · V. durmitoreum · V. dyris · V. elegans · V. elegantulum · V. eleonorae · V. ellipticifolium · V. elongatum · V. embergeri · V. epirotum · V. epixanthemum (Verbascum) · V. epixanthinum · V. eremobium · V. eremocharis · V. erianthum · V. eriocarpum · V. eriophorum · V. eriorrhabdon · V. eriostachyum · V. erivanicum · V. erosum · V. erythrocaule · V. euboicum · V. euhoicum · V. euphraticum · V. euxinum · V. exuberans · V. fallax · V. farinosum · V. farsistanicum · V. fasciculatum · V. faurei · V. faurei acanthifolium · V. faurei commixtum · V. ferrugineum · V. festii · V. firmum · V. firuzabadicum · V. flaccidum · V. flavidum · V. flavipannosum · V. flexuosum · V. floccosum · V. foemina · V. foetidum · V. fontanesii · V. fontqueri · V. formanekii · V. formosum · V. friedrichsthalianum · V. fruticulosum · V. gabrieliae · V. gadarense · V. gaetulum · V. gaillardoti · V. gaillardotii · V. galilaeum · V. gallicum · V. garganicum · V. geminiflorum · V. georgicum · V. germaniciae · V. giganteum · V. giganteum subsp. martinezii · V. giganteum martinezii · V. gileadense · V. gintlii · V. glabratum · V. glabrum · V. glanduliferum · V. glanduligerum · V. glandulosum · V. globiferum · V. globiflorum · V. glomeratum · V. glomerulosum · V. gnaphalodes · V. gnaphaloides · V. godroni · V. gracilescens · V. graciliflorum · V. graecum · V. granatense · V. grandiflorum · V. grossum · V. guicciardii · V. gussonei · V. guttinianum · V. gypsicola · V. hadschinense · V. haemorrhoidale · V. haenseleri · V. hajastanicum · V. halacsyanum · V. Harptree smokey hybrids · V. hasarense · V. haussknechtianum · V. haussknechtianum var. fallacinum · V. haussknechtii · V. hayekii · V. heldreichii · V. helianthemoides · V. hema-figranum · V. henriquezii · V. hervieri · V. herzogii · V. heterodontum · V. heteroharbatum · V. heteromallum · V. heterophyllum · V. heteropogon · V. heuffelii · V. hinkei · V. holmbergii · V. horakii · V. hranicense · V. humile · V. hybrid · V. hybrida · V. hybridum · V. hyoseridifolium · V. hyoserifolium · V. hypoleucum · V. ibericum · V. iconium · V. ignescens · V. ikaricum · V. inaequale · V. incanum · V. indicum · V. infidelium · V. insigne · V. insulare · V. integrifolium · V. interjectum · V. intermedium · V. intricatum · V. inulifolium · V. italicum · V. jankae · V. jankaeanum · V. jernacha · V. joannis · V. jordanicum · V. jordanovii · V. josgadense · V. juruk · V. kabylianum · V. kalibaricum · V. kanitzianum · V. karyeteini · V. kastamunicum · V. kavinae · V. keniense · V. kermanense · V. kerneri (Kerner's Mullein) · V. khorassanicum · V. kickxianum · V. kindlii · V. kiszacsense · V. kochiaeforme · V. koechelii · V. korovinii · V. kotschyi · V. krauseanum · V. kurdicum · V. lachnopus · V. laciniatum · V. laetum · V. laevigatum · V. lagurus · V. lagurus subsp. stefanovii · V. lagurus stefanovii · V. lanatum · V. lanceolatum · V. laramberguei · V. lasianthum · V. latesulcatifolium · V. latisepalum · V. laxiflorum · V. laxum · V. lederinannii · V. leianthum · V. leiocarpum · V. leiocaulon · V. leiocladum · V. leiostachyon · V. lemaitrei · V. lemenciacum · V. leptocladum · V. leptophyllum · V. leptostachyon · V. letourneuxii · V. leucanthemum · V. leuconeurum · V. leucophyllum · V. levanticum · V. libanoticum · V. limnense · V. linearilobum · V. linguifolium · V. linkianum · V. linnaei · V. litigiosum · V. lobatum · V. longicarpum · V. longicrure · V. longifolium (Mullein) · V. longifolium hybrid · V. longipedicellatum · V. longirostre · V. luciliae · V. luntii · V. luridiflorum · V. luridifolium · V. luridum · V. lusitanicum · V. luteo-viride · V. luteum · V. lychnites · V. lychnitideum · V. lychnitis (White Mullein) · V. lychnitis subsp. moenchii · V. lychnitis f. album · V. lychnitis f. rochelianum · V. lychnitis moenchii · V. lychnitis var. album · V. lycia · V. lycium · V. lydium · V. lynchnitis · V. lyprocarpum · V. lyratifolium · V. lyratum · V. macedonicum · V. macrantherum · V. macranthum · V. macrocarpum · V. macrophyllum · V. macrosepalum · V. macrostachyum · V. macrurum · V. maeandri · V. magellense · V. mairei · V. majale · V. majus · V. malacotrichum · V. mallophorum · V. mardinense · V. maroccanum · V. marschallianum · V. mas · V. masguindali · V. medinecum · V. medum · V. megaphlomos · V. megricum · V. meinckeanum · V. melhanense · V. melitenense · V. mesopotamicum · V. messanense · V. meteoricum · V. micrantha · V. micranthum · V. microcalycinum · V. microcarpum · V. microcymosum · V. microsepalum · V. millelacuum · V. millii · V. minutiflorum · V. mixtum · V. moenchii · V. molle · V. monspessulanum · V. montanum · V. monticolum · V. morronense · V. mucronatum · V. muhlenbeckii · V. murbeckianum · V. murbeckii · V. myconi · V. myconium · V. mykales · V. myrianthum · V. myriocarpum · V. myrthense · V. napifolium · V. natolicum · V. neglectum · V. neilreichii · V. nemorosum · V. nevadense (Mullein) · V. nicolai · V. nigrum (Black Mullein) · V. nigrum subsp. abietinum · V. nigrum 'Album' (Black Mullein) · V. nigrum abietinum · V. nigrum hybrid · V. nigrum nigrum (Black Mullein) · V. nigrum var. album · V. nigrum × pulverulentum · V. nigrum x thapsus · V. nikolovii · V. nitidulum · V. nitidum · V. niveum · V. nobile · V. nubicum · V. nudatum · V. nudicaule · V. nudiusculum · V. numidicum · V. nuriae · V. obovatum · V. obtusifolium · V. officinarum · V. olympicum (Olympic Mullein) · V. omanense · V. oocarpum · V. orbicularifolium · V. orchideum · V. oreodoxum · V. oreophilum · V. oreophilum hybrid · V. oreophilum var. joannis · V. orgyale · V. orientale · V. orphanideum · V. osbeckii · V. ovalifolium · V. ovatifolium · V. ovatum · V. oxycarpum · V. pachyurum · V. pallidiflorum · V. pallidum · V. palmyrense · V. pancicii · V. pangaeum · V. paniculatum · V. pannosiforme · V. pannosum · V. paphlagonicum · V. parallelum · V. parisiense · V. parnassicum · V. parviflorum · V. parvoflore · V. patris · V. pejovicii · V. pelitnopilodes · V. pelium · V. pellitum · V. pentelicum · V. peregrinum · V. persicum · V. pestalozzae · V. petiolare · V. petrae · V. phlomoides (Pale Yellow Mullein) · V. phlomoides var. album · V. phoeniceum (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Album' · V. phoeniceum 'Antique Rose' · V. phoeniceum 'Candy Spires' · V. phoeniceum 'Flush of Pink' · V. phoeniceum 'Flush of White' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Roman Candles Mix' · V. phoeniceum 'Rosetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Violetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum hybrids · V. phoeniceum var. slavchovii · V. phoeniceum white hybrid · V. phoenicium · V. phoenicium 'Violetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoenicum · V. phrygium · V. phyllostachyum · V. pilematophorum · V. pindicolum · V. pinetorum · V. pinnatifidum · V. pinnatisectum · V. piscicidum · V. pisidicum · V. plantagineum · V. plantaginifolium · V. plicatum · V. polystachyum · V. ponticum · V. portae · V. porteri · V. postianum · V. praetutianum · V. propontideum · V. protractum · V. pruinosum · V. prunellii · V. prusianum · V. pseudo-digitalis · V. pseudo-lychnitis · V. pseudo-nigrum · V. pseudobalcanicum · V. pseudocreticum · V. pseudoflagriforme · V. pseudoholotrichum · V. pseudonobile · V. pseudovarians · V. pterocalycinum · V. pterocalycinum var. mutense · V. pterocaulon (Mullein) · V. pterocladum · V. ptychophyllum · V. pulchrum · V. pulverulentum (Violetstamen Mullein) · V. pulvinatum · V. pumiliforme · V. pumilum · V. punalense · V. puniceum · V. purpureum · V. pycnostachyum · V. pyramidale · V. pyramidatum (Mullein) · V. pyrenaicum · V. pyroliforme · V. qulebicum · V. racemiferum · V. ramigerum · V. ramosissimum · V. ramosum · V. rascheyanum · V. reeseanum · V. reiseri · V. renzii · V. repandum · V. repens · V. rhinanthifolium · V. rhiphacum · V. rhombifolium · V. rigidulum · V. rigidum · V. rohlenae · V. rolletianum · V. roripifolium (Mullein) · V. rorripifolium · V. rosellum · V. rostafinskii · V. rotundatum · V. rotundifolium · V. rotundifolium subsp. conocarpum · V. rotundifolium subsp. ripacurcicum · V. rotundifolium conocarpum · V. rubiginosum · V. rubricaule · V. ruderale · V. rugosum · V. rugulosum · V. rumiciforme · V. rupestre · V. rupicola · V. sabaudum · V. saccatum · V. salgirensis · V. salmoneum · V. saltense · V. salutans · V. salviaefolium · V. salviifolium · V. samaritanii · V. samniticum · V. sartorii · V. saxatile · V. scabrum · V. scamandri · V. scaposum · V. scardicola · V. sceptrum · V. schachdagense · V. schiedeanum · V. schimperi · V. schimperianum · V. schneideri · V. schottianum · V. schraderi · V. sclavonicum · V. scoparium · V. semidecurrens · V. seminigrum · V. serpenticola · V. serratifolium · V. sessiliflorum · V. sevanense · V. seytunense · V. sheilae · V. shepardi · V. shiqricum · V. siculum · V. silesiacum · V. simavicum · V. simplex · V. simplex var. compositum · V. sinaiticum · V. sinnatum · V. sinuatum (Wavyleaf Mullein) · V. sinuatum f. albiflorum · V. slavonicum · V. smithii · V. smyrnaeum · V. solacolui · V. somaliense · V. songaricum · V. sorgerae · V. spathulisepalum · V. speciosum (Hungarian Mullein) · V. spectabile · V. spectabile var. isandrum · V. sphenandroides · V. spicatum · V. spinosum (Spiny Mullein) · V. splendidiforme · V. splendidum · V. spodiotrichum · V. spurium (Mullein) · V. stachydifolium · V. stachydiforme · V. stellatum · V. stelurum · V. stenocarpum · V. stenostachyum · V. stepporum · V. sterile · V. steveni · V. stevenii · V. straussii · V. strictum · V. styriacum · V. subalpestre · V. subalpinum · V. subbiserratum · V. sublobatum · V. subnivale · V. subserratum · V. subsinuatum · V. sudanicum · V. sulcatum · V. Sunset shades · V. suworowianum · V. suworowianum var. acuminatum · V. suworowianum var. papillosum · V. sylvestre · V. symes · V. syriacum · V. szovitsianum · V. tabsoiaes · V. tabukum · V. tagadirtense · V. talyschense · V. tapsus · V. taraxacifolium · V. tauri · V. tauricum · V. taygeteum · V. tempskyanum · V. tenellum · V. tenue · V. tenuicaule · V. ternacha · V. tetrandrum · V. tetuanense · V. teyberianum · V. thapsiforme · V. thapsis · V. thapsoides · V. thapsum · V. thapsus (Aaron´s-Rod) · V. thapsus subsp. martinezii · V. thapsus crassifolium · V. thapsus f. candicans · V. thapsus litigiosum · V. thapsus martinezii · V. thapsus montanum · V. thapsus thapsus (Flannel Mullein) · V. thapsus var. valentinum · V. thracicum · V. thyrsoideum · V. tiberiadis · V. tibesticum · V. tomentosum · V. tossiense · V. touchyanum · V. tournefortii · V. tourneuxii · V. transcaucasicum · V. transjordanicum · V. transolympicum · V. trapifolium · V. trichostylum · V. tripolitanum · V. triste · V. tropidocarpum · V. tuna-ekimii · V. turcomanicum · V. turkestanicum · V. turriculatum · V. tymphaeum · V. tzar-borisii · V. undulatum (Wavy-Leaf Mullein) · V. urceolatum · V. urticaefolium · V. urumoffi · V. urumovii · V. uschakense · V. ustulatum · V. vacillans · V. valentinum · V. valerianifolium · V. vandasii · V. vanense · V. varians · V. velenovskyi · V. vernale · V. versicolor · V. versiflorum · V. vestitum · V. villosum · V. viminale · V. virens · V. virgatum (Wand Mullein) · V. virgatum dertosense · V. viridissimum · V. viscidulum · V. visianianum · V. vodnense · V. vollmannii · V. vulcanicum · V. wallichianum · V. wallrothii · V. warionis · V. weldenii · V. wiedemannianum (Indigo Mullein) · V. wierzbickii · V. wilhelmsianum · V. x godronii · V. × hybridum · V. × hybridum 'Copper Rose' · V. × hybridum 'Snow Maiden' · V. × hybridum 'Wega' · V. × incanum · V. x intermedium · V. x kerneri (Kerner's Mullein) · V. x letitiae · V. x martinii · V. x phoeniceum 'Jackie' (Mullein) · V. x pterocaulon (Mullein) · V. x ramigerum · V. x semialbum · V. x thapsi · V. xanthophoeniceum · V. xanthophoeniceum var. albiflorum · V. yemense · V. zaianense · V. zlataroffi · V. zollikoferi · V. zuccarinii
References
- ^ "mullein". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 3rd ed. 2001.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606?607
- ^ Tierra, Michael, C.A., O.M.D.; John Lust, N.D. (2003). The Natural Remedy Bible (revised and updated ed.). New York: Pocket Books. pp. 164,180. ISBN 0-7434-6642-X.
- Flora Europaea: Verbascum
- Flora of China: Verbascum
- Davis, P. H., Edmondson, J. R. , Mill, R. R., & Parris, B. S., eds. (1978). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 461.
External links
Texts on Wikisource:
- "Mullein". The American Cyclop?dia. 1879.
- "Mullein". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "Mullein". The New Student's Reference Work. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.. Wikisource
- "Mullein". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
- "Mullein". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
Sources
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