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Tulipeae

(Tribe)

Overview

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A Tribe in the Kingdom Plantae.

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Tribe Tulipeae is a member of the Subfamily Chelidonioideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Tulipeae:

The Tribe Tulipeae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Abies

Trees evergreen, crown usually spirelike to conic, sometimes flat to round topped in age. Bark initially thin, smooth, bearing resin blisters, in age furrowed and/or flaking in plates. Branches whorled, irregular internodal branches occasionally produced by epicormic sprouting (growing from a dormant bud) ; short (spur) shoots absent; leaf scars prominent, ± circular to broadly elliptic, flush with twig surface, slightly depressed, or slightly raised evenly all around. Buds ovate or oblong, resinous or not, apex rounded or pointed. Leaves borne singly, persisting 5 or more years, spirally arranged but often proximally twisted so as to appear either 1-ranked (pointing up like toothbrush bristles) or 2-ranked, sessile, typically constricted and often twisted above the somewhat broadened base, sheath absent; leaves on vegetative branches flattened, frequently grooved adaxially, usually notched to rounded at apex; leaves on fertile branches sometimes appearing 4-sided, upright, sharp-pointed to rounded at apex; resin canals 2. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones grouped, ovate or oblong-cylindric, leaving gall-like protuberances after falling, yellow to red, green, blue, or purple. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, erect, ovoid to oblong-cylindric or cylindric, not falling whole but scale by scale, cone axis persisting as an erect "spike" on branch; scales shed individually, fan-shaped, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included to exserted. Seeds winged, the wing-seed juncture bearing resin sac; cotyledons 4--10. x =12.[1] [more]

Acer

[more]

Achimenes

Achimenes is a of about 25 species of tropical and subtropical rhizomatous perennial herbs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. They have a multitude of common names such as Magic Flowers, Widow's Tears, Cupid's Bower, or Hot Water Plant. The plant's name comes from the Greek word meaning "suffer from cold." [more]

Agapanthus

Agapanthus , the "Lily of the Nile", is a genus of flower plants with six to ten species depending on how the different species are classified. They are all perennial plants native to South Africa. They have been placed either in the family Alliaceae, or separated into their own monogeneric family Agapanthaceae (e.g. Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium). [more]

Allium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulbs, with onion odor and taste. Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular reticulation (generally important in identification) ; inner coats membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1-12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum, A. praecox, A. tuberosum, A. rotundum, A. neapolitanum, A. triquetrum, A. unifolium, and A. lacunosum), straight or ± falcate (coiled or circinate in A. nevadense and A. atrorubens), broader in A. victorialis and A. tricoccum, not petiolate (except in A. tricoccum and A. victorialis) . Scape usually persistent, terete or flattened. Inflorescences umbellate, flowering centripetally (centrifugally in A. schoenoprasum), sometimes replaced totally or partially by bulbils, subtended by spathe bracts; bracts conspicuous, ± fused, usually 3+-veined, equaling pedicel except in some introduced species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum) ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments in all but 1 native species broad at base, fused into ring (some introduced species and A. victorialis appendaged), linear, generally glabrous (A. rotundum and A. hoffmanii papillose to ciliate proximally) ; anthers and pollen variously colored; ovary superior, 3-lobed, sometimes crested with processes, 3-locular, usually 2 ovules per locule (6-8 in A. nigrum), crest processes 3 or 6, smooth except in A. haematochiton, A. sharsmithiae, and A. lacunosum; style 1; stigma capitate to ± 3-lobed; pedicel erect or spreading (lax in A. triquetrum) . Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, obovoid, finely cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1-8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9.[2] [more]

Alocasia

Characters as those of Colocasia but with the following differences: Plants with well developed elongated rootstocks, basal lobes of leaves acute and basal placentation. Ovules and seeds few.[3] [more]

Alstroemeria

Herbs, perennial, from fascicles of fusiform tubers. Stems mostly simple; fertile stems to 1 m or more; sterile stems shorter, more leafy. Leaves alternate; petiole often twisted so as to invert leaf; blade parallel-veined, linear to ovate, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate [or 1-flowered]. Flowers slightly zygomorphic; tepals 6, distinct, red, orange, purple, green, or white, frequently spotted, to 5 cm; stamens 6, inserted on perianth base, declinate, usually unequal; ovary inferior; style slender; stigma 3-lobed, filiform. Fruits capsular, 3-valved, dehiscence loculicidal.[4] [more]

Angelica

Herbs, biennial or perennial. Root often stout, conic or cylindric. Leaves petiolate, petiole sheaths conspicuously inflated; blade 1-4-pinnate or 1-3-ternate-pinnate. Umbels compound, terminal and lateral; bracts many or a few, rarely absent; rays many to several; bracteoles many or a few, entire. Calyx teeth obsolete or ovate-triangular. Petals white, rarely pink or dark purple, ovate to obovate, apex incurved. Stylopodium short-conic. Fruit ovoid to orbicular, dorsally compressed; dorsal ribs filiform, lateral ribs broad- or narrow-winged, separated when mature; vittae often 1-2 in each furrow, 2-4 on commissure. Seed face plane or slightly concave. Carpophore 2-cleft to base.[5] [more]

Anthemis

Annuals (biennials) [perennials, subshrubs], mostly 5-90 cm (often aromatic). Stems 1-5+, erect to decumbent, usually branched, strigillose or strigoso-sericeous to villous (hairs medifixed), glabrescent [glabrous or sericeous to lanate]. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades ± obovate to spatulate, 1-3-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins dentate to lobed, faces glabrous or strigillose to villous [glabrous or sericeous to lanate]. Heads radiate [discoid], borne singly or in lax, corymbiform arrays (peduncles sometimes clavate and/or curved in fruit). Involucres obconic to hemispheric or broader, 5-13[-20] mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, mostly 21-35+ in 3-5 series, distinct, deltate to lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, unequal, margins and apices (hyaline and colorless or brownish [black]) scarious. Receptacles hemispheric to narrowly conic, paleate (wholly or only distally) ; paleae ± flat, scarious to indurate (subulate or elliptic to obovate with mucronate to acuminate-spinose tips). Ray florets [0 or 2-]5-20[-30+], pistillate and fertile or styliferous and sterile; corollas usually white, rarely yellow or pink, laminae mostly oblong (tubes sometimes hairy). Disc florets (60-) 100-300+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow, rarely pink, tubes ± cylindric (usually proximally dilated, ± spongy in fruit, sometimes hairy, not saccate), throats funnelform, lobes 5, ± triangular (abaxially minutely crested). Cypselae obovoid to obconic or turbinate (circular or 4-angled in cross section), ribs usually 9-10 (0) and smooth or tuberculate, faces glabrous (pericarps with myxogenic cells) ; pappi 0 or coroniform. x = 9.[6] [more]

Armeria

Plants herbs, perennial, scapose, acaulescent; taprooted, rootstocks branched, woody. Leaves in basal rosettes, sessile; blade linear to linear-spatulate [lanceolate], narrowed or straight to base, margins entire. Scapes glabrous or densely pubescent, sometimes rugose, enclosed by tubular leafless sheath at apex. Inflorescences solitary, apical, dense hemispheric heads of scorpioid cymes, each surrounded by involucre of scarious bracts. Pedicels absent or present (short). Flowers monomorphic or dimorphic (in pollen and stigma characteristics) ; calyx 10-ribbed, funnel-shaped; tube usually pubescent on ribs only or all around, rarely glabrous, limbs membranaceous, awned or not; petals slightly connate basally, white to deep purple; filaments adnate to base of corolla; anthers included; styles 5, free, hairy proximally; stigmas linear, papillate or smooth. Fruits dry, enclosed in persistent calyces, dehiscing transversely. x = 9.[7] [more]

Asperula

Asperula () is a genus of the family Rubiaceae. Sometimes, certain species of Galium (such as the woodruff) are included herein. [more]

Astelia

Astelia is a of rhizomatous tufted perennials which are native to the Pacific region as well as the Falkland Islands, Réunion and Mauritius. The species generally grow in forests, swamps and amongst low alpine vegetation; occasionally they are epiphytic. [more]

Athyrium

Plants generally terrestrial. Stems short-creeping or ascending, stolons absent. Leaves monomorphic, usually dying back in winter. Petiole ± 0.5 times length of blade or less, base swollen and dentate, persisting as trophopod over winter or not; vascular bundles 2, lateral, lunate in cross section. Blade lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, 1--3-pinnate-pinnatifid, gradually reduced distally to confluent, pinnatifid apex, herbaceous. Pinnae not articulate to rachis, segment margins serrulate or crenate; proximal pinnae often reduced, sessile to short-petiolulate, ± equilateral; costae adaxially grooved, grooves continuous from rachis to costae to costules; indument absent or of linear to lanceolate scales or 1-celled glands abaxially. Veins free, simple or forked. Sori in 1 row between midrib and margin, round to elongate, straight or hooked at distal end, or horseshoe-shaped; indusia shaped like sori, persistent, attached laterally or with narrow sinus, or indusia absent. Spores brownish, rugose. x = 40.[8] [more]

Bauera

Bauera is a small of shrubs which are endemic to eastern Australia. The species occur in the states of South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. The genus was named in honour of Ferdinand Bauer, an Austrian botanical illustrator. [more]

Begonia

Perennial succulent herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stem erect, frequently rhizomatous, or plants tuberous and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed, rarely lianoid or climbing with adventitious roots, or stoloniferous. Leaves simple, rarely palmately compound, alternate or all basal; blade often oblique and asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margin often irregularly serrate and divided, occasionally entire, venation usually palmate; petiole long, weak; stipules membranous, usually deciduous. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, (1 or) 2-4 to several, rarely numerous, in dichotomous cymes, sometimes in panicle, with pedicels and bracts. Staminate flower: tepals 2 or 4 and decussate, usually outer ones larger, inner ones smaller; stamens usually numerous; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-celled, apical or lateral; connectives extended at apex, sometimes apiculate. Pistillate flower: tepals 2-5(-10) ; pistil composed of 2-5(-7) carpels; ovary inferior, 1-3(-7) -loculed; placentae axile or parietal; styles 2 or 3(or more), free or fused at base, forked once or more; stigma turgid, spirally twisted-tortuous or U-shaped, capitate or reniform, setose-papillose. Capsule dry, sometimes berrylike, unequally or subequally 3-winged, rarely wingless and 3- or 4-horned; seeds very numerous, pale brown, oblong, minute, testa reticulate.[9] [more]

Berberis

Shrubs or subshrubs, evergreen or deciduous, 0.1-4.5(-8) m, glabrous or with tomentose stems. Rhizomes present or absent, short or long, not nodose. Stems branched or unbranched, monomorphic or dimorphic, i.e., all elongate or with elongate primary stems and short axillary spur shoots. Leaves alternate, sometimes leaves of elongate shoots reduced to spines and foliage leaves borne only on short shoots; foliage leaves simple or 1-odd-pinnately compound; petioles usually present. Simple leaves: blade narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 1.2-7.5 cm. Compound leaves: rachis, when present, with or without swollen articulations; leaflet blades lanceolate to orbiculate, margins entire, toothed, spinose, or spinose-lobed; venation pinnate or leaflets 3-6-veined from base. Inflorescences terminal, usually racemes, rarely umbels or flowers solitary. Flowers 3-merous, 3-8 mm; bracteoles caducous, 3, scalelike; sepals falling immediately after anthesis, 6, yellow; petals 6, yellow, nectariferous; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by valves; pollen exine punctate; ovary symmetrically club-shaped; placentation subbasal; style central. Fruits berries, spheric to cylindric-ovoid or ellipsoid, usually juicy, sometimes dry, at maturity. Seeds 1-10, tan to red-brown or black; aril absent. x = 14.[10] [more]

Biarum

[more]

Bletilla

Blotiella

[more]

Bocconia

Bocconia is a of the family Papaveraceae. It was named after the Italian botanist Paolo Boccone by Carolus Linnaeus, and contains about 10 species. [more]

Brachylaena

Brachylaena is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. Notable species include: [more]

Brachystachyum

Brachystachyum densiflorum, short-spiked bamboo, short-tassled bamboo, short spikelet bamboo is a of bamboos, of the monotypic genus Brachystachyum. The genus names was formed from Greek and means precisely "short-spiked". [more]

Brimeura

Brimeura is a genus of in family Hyacinthaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Buxus

Profusely branched shrubs or dwarf trees. Leaves opposite, sessile or subsessile, entire, glabrous or hairy. Inflorescence pedunculate or sessile, of dense racemose clusters, often with a terminal female flower surrounded by several male flowers. Flowers greenish-yellow, unisexual (plants monoecious), sessile to shortly pedicellate. Sepals 4-6, unequal. Stamens 4, free, inserted on receptacle around vestigial ovary, anthers oblong with thick connective, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary tricarpellary, syncarpous, 3-loculed, each locule 2-ovuled; styles 3, rarely basally connate, spreading, short, stigma 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, ovoid, 3-beaked with persistent styles, dehiscing into 3, 2-seeded and 2-horned valves. Seed caruncled, somewhat triangular or oblong, glossy-black; embryo with oblong cotyledons.[11] [more]

Calamintha

Herbs annual or perennial. Leaves petiolate, dentate. Cymes axillary, 2-12-flowered, short pedunculate; bracts lanceolate-subulate. Calyx tubular to tubular-campanulate, 13-veined, throat not constricted, sparsely hirsute inside, base not or only slightly saccate in fruit, limb 2-lipped; teeth of upper lip 3, reflexed; teeth of lower lip 2, longer than upper teeth, lanceolate. Corolla almost as long as calyx to much exserted, 2-lipped, tube gradually dilated; upper lip emarginate, straight; lower lip reflexed, 3-lobed, middle lobe longer than lateral lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, all included or anterior 2 exserted; anther cells 2, ± parallel or divergent. Ovary glabrous. Style shorter than corolla, complanate or 2-cleft at apex. Nutlets ovoid, rounded.[12] [more]

Calceolaria

Calceolaria , also called Lady's purse, Slipper flower and Pocketbook flower, or Slipperwort, is a genus of plants in the Calceolariaceae family, sometimes classified in Scrophulariaceae by some authors. This genus consists of about 388 species of shrubs, lianas and herbs, and the geographic range extends from Patagonia to central Mexico, with its distribution centre in Andean region. Calceolaria in Latin means shoemaker. [more]

Calliandra

Shrubs or small trees; leaves bipinnate, leaflets small and numerous or larger and from few pairs to one; stiuples often persistent, rarely absent. Inflorescence globose heads, or terminal racemes. Flowers 5-6 merous, with long stamens, red, white and showy. Calyx dentate or rarely deeply divided. Petals united to the middle. Stamens numerous, up to 100, more or less united into a tube and long - exserted, anthers mostly glandular hairy. Ovary sessile, ovules numerous; style filiform. Fruit linear, straight or nearly so, margins thickened, 2 valved, dehiscing from both the margins, continuous inside. Seed obovate or orbicular, compressed.[13] [more]

Callistemon

Bottlebrush (Callistemon, pronounced ) is a with 34 species of shrubs in the family Myrtaceae. The majority of Callistemon species are endemic to Australia; four species are also found in New Caledonia. They are commonly referred to as bottlebrushes because of their cylindrical, brush like flowers resembling a traditional bottle brush. They are found in the more temperate regions of Australia, mostly along the east coast and south-west, and typically favour moist conditions so when planted in gardens thrive on regular watering. However, at least some of the species are drought-resistant. [more]

Campanula

Plants perennial or annual, erect trailing or decumbent, glabrous, pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves simple, alternate or forming rosettes at the base. Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped or tubular. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid, obovoid or round, with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous.[14] [more]

Canna

Herbs, rhizomatous, 1--2[--5] m, forming small to large monotypic stands. Leaves green [bronze or magenta in hybrids and cultivars], often glaucous [lanuginose]; blade narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 20--70 cm ´ 15--30 cm, base gradually or abruptly tapered, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences: peduncles green [magenta], often glaucous; bracts green [magenta], often glaucous; primary bracts to 30 cm, secondary bracts to 20 cm; floral bracts 0.5--3 ´ 0.3--1.5 cm, papery. Flowers nearly sessile, subtended by pedicel bract; sepals usually green [magenta], often less than half size of petals; petals sharply reflexed or not, green or brightly colored, 4--15 cm, generally shorter than staminodes; staminodes pale yellow to deep crimson red; labellum 3--9 ´ 4--10 cm; ovary green [magenta]. Capsules brown, 1.5--6 ´ 2--4.5 cm, warty, becoming papery. Seeds 5--25[--75] per capsule, medium to dark brown or black, 4--10 ´ 4--8 mm.[15] [more]

Ceanothus

Ceanothus is a genus of about 50–60 species of shrubs or small trees in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae. The genus is confined to North America, the center of its distribution in California, with some species (e.g. C. americanus) in the eastern United States and southeast Canada, and others (e.g. C. coeruleus) extending as far south as Guatemala. Most are shrubs 0.5–3 m tall, but C. arboreus and C. thyrsiflorus, both from California, can be small trees up to 6–7 m tall. [more]

Citrus

Evergreen, small trees or shrubs, often spiny. Leaves simple, alternate, glandular punctate, petiole winged or margined. Flowers perfect or staminate, solitary or clustered in axillary racemes. Calyx 4-5-lobed, glabrous or pubescent. Petals (4-) 5(-8). Stamens 4-10 times the petals, polyadelphous. Ovary 10-14-locular, ovules biseriate or collateral. Fruit a fleshy hesperidium, globose to mamillate-oblong to oblate, rind tight or loose, with oil glands. Seeds embedded in pulpy vesicles.[16] [more]

Clianthus

Clianthus, commonly known as Kakabeak (Kowhai ngutukaka in ), is a plant genus comprising two species of woody legume shrubs native to New Zealand. They have striking clusters of red flowers which resemble the beak of the Kaka, a New Zealand parrot. The plants are also known as Parrot's Beak, Parrot's Bill and Lobster Claw. There is also a variety with white to creamy colored flowers. [more]

Colletia

Colletia is a of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, with 15 to 17 species of spiny shrubs. All species of this genus are native to southern South America. [more]

Colobanthus

Colobanthus is a large genus of small, -like herbaceous plants, sometimes known as "pearlworts", a name they share with plants of the related genus Sagina. [more]

Cordyline

Plants treelike or shrubby. Stems ± woody, usually few branched, with conspicuous leaf scars distally. Leaves crowded at apex of stems, petiolate (or sessile) ; petiole 10--30 cm, base amplexicaul; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to sword-shaped, veins essentially parallel but with lateral veins branching from midvein in proximal 1/2. Inflorescence arising from axils of distal leaves, usually paniculate, large, many branched. Flowers bisexual, solitary, usually tubular-campanulate or subcylindric; pedicel usually short, articulate at or near apex. Perianth with short tube; lobes in 2 whorls of 3. Stamens 6, inserted in tube or throat of perianth; anthers versatile. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 2 to many per locule. Style slender; stigma capitate, small. Fruit a capsule, leathery, 1- to several seeded. Seeds black, coated with phytomelanin.[17] [more]

Cotoneaster

Shrubs, rarely small trees, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen. Branchlets mostly terete, rarely slightly angulate, unarmed. Winter buds small; scales several, imbricate, exposed. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly petiolate; stipules caducous, usually subulate, small; margin of leaf blade entire, venation camptodromous. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose or corymbose, sometimes flowers several fascicled or solitary. Hypanthium turbinate or campanulate, rarely cylindric, adnate to ovary. Sepals 5, persistent, short. Petals 5, erect or spreading, imbricate in bud, white, pink, or red. Stamens 10-20(-22), inserted in mouth of hypanthium. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed; carpels 2-5, connate abaxially, free adaxially; ovules 2 per carpel, erect; styles 2-5, free; stigmas dilated. Fruit a drupe-like pome, red, brownish red, or orange to black, with persistent, incurved, fleshy sepals, containing pyrenes; pyrenes (1 or) 2-5, bony, 1-seeded; seeds compressed; cotyledons plano-convex.[18] [more]

Cotula

Annuals or perennials, 2-25[-50+] cm (sometimes aromatic). Stems usually 1, erect or prostrate to decumbent or ascending (sometimes rooting at nodes), usually branched, glabrous or ± strigillose to villous (hairs mostly basifixed). Leaves usually mostly cauline [basal]; alternate [opposite]; petiolate or sessile; blades obovate or spatulate to lanceolate or linear, sometimes 1-3-pinnately [palmati-pinnately] lobed, ultimate margins entire or irregularly toothed, faces glabrous or ± strigillose to villous [lanate] (hairs mostly basifixed). Heads disciform [discoid or radiate], borne singly (peduncles sometimes dilated). Involucres broadly hemispheric to saucer-shaped, 3-12+[-15+] mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 13-30+ in 2-3+ series, margins and apices (colorless, light to dark brown, or purplish) scarious. Receptacles flat to convex [conic], epaleate (sometimes ± covered with persistent stalks of florets). Ray florets 0 [5-8+, pistillate, fertile; corollas white] (peripheral pistillate florets 8-80+ in 1-3+ series; corollas usually none). Disc florets 12-200+[-600+], bisexual, fertile [functionally staminate]; corollas ochroleucous or yellow, tubes ± cylindric (bases sometimes adaxially saccate), throats abruptly ampliate, lobes (3-) 4, ± deltate (sometimes one larger than others, usually each with central resin canal). Cypselae obovoid to oblong, ob-compressed or -flattened, ribs 2, lateral, sometimes becoming wings, faces ± papillate (pericarps relatively thin, sometimes with myxogenic cells and/or 2 lateral resin sacs) ; pappi 0. x = 10.[19] [more]

Crambe

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Crassula

Crataegus

Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous, rarely evergreen, armed, rarely unarmed; buds ovoid or subglobose. Leaves simple, stipulate, venation craspedodromous, margin serrate and lobed or partite, rarely entire. Inflorescences corymbose, sometimes flowers solitary. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, rarely pinkish. Stamens 5-25; carpels 1-5, connate, but free apically. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, with 2 ovules per locule, but one rudimentary. Fruit a pome, with persistent sepals at apex; carpels bony when mature, each locule with 1 seed; seed erect, cotyledons plano-convex.[20] [more]

Crocus

Herbs small, perennial, cormous. Corms oblate, covered with a tunic. Leaves few, all basal, green, linear, adaxially with pale, median stripe, base surrounded by membranous, sheathlike leaves. Aerial stem not developed. Flowers emerging from ground, with peduncle and ovary subterranean. Perianth white, yellow, or lilac to dark purple; tube long, slender; segments similar, equal or subequal. Stamens inserted in throat of perianth tube. Style 1, slender, distally with 3 to many branches. Capsule small, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid.[21] [more]

Cupressus

Trees or large shrubs evergreen. Branchlets terete or quadrangular, in decussate arrays (or partially comblike in Cupressus macnabiana ). Leaves opposite in 4 ranks. Adult leaves appressed to divergent, scalelike, rhomboid, free portion of long-shoot leaves to 4 mm; abaxial gland present or absent. Pollen cones with 4--10 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 3--10 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing in 1--2 years, generally persisting closed many years or until opened by fire, globose or oblong, 1--4 cm; scales persistent, 3--6 pairs, valvate, peltate, thick and woody. Seeds 5--20 per scale, lenticular or faceted, narrowly 2-winged; cotyledons 2--5. x = 11.[22] [more]

Cyathea

Cyathea is a of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales. They are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk. The genus has a pantropical distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to temperate woodlands. [more]

Cycas

Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those for the family.[23] [more]

Cymbalaria

Cymbalaria is a genus of about 10 species of perennial plants previously treated in the family Scrophulariaceae, but recently shown by genetic research to be in the much enlarged family Plantaginaceae. [more]

Dactylis

Dactylis glomerata (Cocksfoot or Orchard Grass or Cocksfoot Grass) is a common , native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It has been introduced into North America. It is widely used for hay and as a forage grass. [more]

Daphne

Shrubs or subshrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves mostly alternate, sometimes opposite; petiole short. Inflorescence usually terminal, sometimes axillary, capitate or shortly racemose, sometimes paniculate, racemose, or spicate, with or without involucre; peduncle short or absent. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants sometimes dioecious), 4- or 5-merous. Calyx tube white, pink, or yellow, rarely mauve, campanulate, cylindric, or slightly funnel-shaped, exterior glabrous or pubescent; lobes 4 or 5, erect or spreading, alternately longer and shorter. Petaloid appendages absent. Stamens twice as many as calyx lobes, in two series; filaments short or absent; anthers oblong, included; connectives indistinct. Disk absent or annular, cup-shaped, sometimes elongated on one side. Ovary usually sessile or slightly stipitate, ovoid, 1-loculed; style terminal, short; stigma capitate. Fruit a succulent berry or dry and leathery, sometimes enclosed by persistent calyx, sometimes naked, usually red or yellow. Seed testa crustaceous, endosperm scanty or absent; cotyledons fleshy.[24] [more]

Delphinium

Herbs, perennial, from fasciculate roots or rhizomes. Leaves basal and/or cauline, petiolate, petioles gradually to abruptly shorter on distal leaves; basal leaves usually larger than cauline; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade deeply palmately divided, round to pentagonal or reniform, margins entire or lobes apically crenate or lacerate, lobes of basal blades wider and fewer than those of cauline blades. Inflorescences terminal, 2-100(-more) -flowered racemes (occasionally branched, thus technically panicles), 5-40 cm or more; bracts subtending inflorescence branches; pedicels present or absent; bracteoles (on pedicels) subopposite-subalternate, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual, bilaterally symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5; upper sepal 1, spurred, 8-24 mm; lateral sepals 2, ± ovate to elliptic, 8-18 mm; lower sepals 2, similar to lateral sepals; upper petals 2, spurred, enclosed in upper sepal, nectary inside tip of spur; lower petals 2, plane, ± ovate, ± 2-lobed, clawed, 2-12 mm, nectary absent; stamens 25-40; filaments with base expanded; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 3(-5), simple; ovules 8-20 per pistil; style present. Fruits follicles, aggregate, sessile, ± curved-cylindric, sides prominently veined or not; beak terminal, straight, 2-4 mm. Seeds dark brown to black (often appearing white because of air in seed coat cells), rectangular to pyramidal, often ± rough surfaced. x = 8.[25] [more]

Deutzia

Shrubs stellate hairy. Branchlets opposite; buds enclosed by imbricate scales. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, subdeciduous. Inflorescences racemose, paniculate, corymbose, or cymose, rarely a solitary flower. Calyx tube adnate to ovary, campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals 5, induplicate, valvate, or imbricate. Stamens 10(-15), 2-seriate; filaments subulate, flat, or dilated and apex 2-dentate; anthers shortly stalked, subglobose. Ovary inferior, rarely subinferior, 3-5-loculed; ovules numerous, in many series on fleshy placenta. Styles 3(-5), free; stigma terminal or decurrent. Fruit a capsule, subglobose, 3(-5) -valved, dehiscing loculicidally or between styles. Seeds numerous, oblong, compressed; testa membranous, reticulate, apex winged; embryo borne in middle of fleshy endosperm.[26] [more]

Dierama

[more]

Diervilla

Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla) is genus of three species of shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae, all indigenous to eastern North America. The genus is named after a French surgeon Dr. Dierville, who introduced the plant to Europe around 1700. [more]

Dionysia

Caespitose, cushion or dense tufted semishrubs, scapose or escapose. Branches covered with the persistent remains of the leaves. Leaves imbricate, simple, revolute or involute, entire or denticulate, farinose or efarinose (farina whitish or yellow), often glandular-stipitate. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous, yellow, pink or violet, umbellate or in superposed verticels or solitary. Bracts small, large and foliaceous in the scapose species. Calyx 1/2 to 2/3 rd-partite. Corolla much exceeding the calyx, tubular; limb 5-lobed, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, sub-sessile; filaments attached near the middle (in pin-eyed flowers) or near the throat. Ovules few. Style slender, stigma capitate. Capsule dehiscing by 5 valves. Seeds small, angled, minutely vesiculose, up to 35 in number.[27] [more]

Draba

Herbs perennial, rarely annual, biennial (or subshrubs with woody stems). Trichomes simple, forked, stellate, malpighiaceous, or dendritic, stalked or sessile, often more than 1 kind present. Stems erect or ascending, sometimes prostrate, leafy or leafless and plants scapose. Basal leaves petiolate, often rosulate, simple, entire or toothed, rarely lobed. Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, cuneate or auriculate at base, entire or dentate, sometimes absent. Racemes bracteate or ebracteate, elongated or not in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, erect, ascending, or divaricate. Sepals ovate, oblong, or elliptic, base of lateral pair not saccate or subsaccate, margin usually membranous. Petals yellow, white, pink, purple, orange (or rarely red) ; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, oblanceolate, orbicular, or linear, apex obtuse, rounded, or rarely emarginate; claw obscurely to strongly differentiated from blade. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments dilated or not at base; anthers ovate or oblong, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands 1, 2, or 4, distinct or confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands present or absent; lateral glands toothlike, semiannular, or annular. Ovules 4 to numerous per ovary. Fruit dehiscent, silicles or rarely siliques, ovate, elliptic, oblong, orbicular, ovoid, globose, lanceolate, or linear, latiseptate or terete, sometimes spirally twisted; valves distinctly or obscurely veined, glabrous or pubescent; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, translucent; style distinct or obsolete, glabrous; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds biseriate, wingless (or rarely winged), oblong, ovate, or orbicular, flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[28] [more]

Drepanostachyum

Shrubby bamboos. Rhizomes short necked, pachymorph. Culms unicaespitose, to 4 m tall, distally pendulous; internodes terete, glabrous, cavity not filled with pith; nodes raised. Mid-culm branch buds very broadly ovoid, bud scale open at front, branch sheathing reduced, very many branch initials visible in 2 ranks. Branches very numerous and congested; branchlets initially 8-16 in 2 or 3 rows, later to 80, verticillate, subequal, slender. Culm sheaths deciduous, narrowly triangular, papery, adaxially scabrous inside apically, apex narrowly acuminate with distally concave edges, blade subulate. Leaves small-sized, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, delicate, matte, transverse veins absent. Inflorescence ebracteate, interrupted falcate panicles and dense clusters on leafy or leafless flowering branches. Spikelets delicate, 2-6 flowered, followed by a sterile floret, pedicel curved, short to long. Glumes 2, membranous. Lemma longer than second glume, leathery, many veined, acuminate; palea equal to or shorter than lemma, 2-keeled, obtuse; lodicules 3, transparent. Stamens 3; filaments free, long exserted; anthers yellow. Ovary appendage absent; style 1; stigmas 2, plumose. Caryopsis grainlike, narrow. New shoots summer-early autumn.[29] [more]

Drosera

Herbs perennial or annual, with rhizomes, fibrous roots, or tubers with a vertical stolon below ground. Stem very short, long and erect, or climbing. Leaves basal and rosulate, or alternate, petiolate, with glandular, papillose hairs. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic. Sepals (4 or) 5(or 6-12), free or connate at base, persistent. Petals 5, free, closing and contorted after anthesis, persistent. Stamens as many as petals. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, 2-5-carpellate; placentation parietal; styles (2 or) 3-5(or 6), free or connate at base, persistent. Capsule dehiscent, 2-6-valved. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid or linear, sometimes winged.[30] [more]

Echinopsis

Echinopsis is a large of cacti native to South America, sometimes known as hedgehog cacti, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. One small species, E. chamaecereus, is known as the peanut cactus. The 128 species range from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines. [more]

Edraianthus

Eremurus

Herbs perennial, with vertical, short, stout rhizome, surrounded at neck by leaf bases and sometimes also fibers from old, disintegrated leaf bases. Roots numerous, long, thickened, fleshy. Leaves several, all basal, tufted, linear. Scape simple, erect, exceeding leaves, with sterile bracts distally and a terminal raceme. Raceme usually densely many flowered, usually elongate in fruit; bracts membranous, margin often minutely serrulate, fimbriate, or ciliate, apex often long filiform acuminate. Flowers bisexual, 1 per bract axil, pedicellate; pedicel articulate or not. Perianth campanulate, tubular, or cupular; segments 6, free or connate at base, with 1, 3, or 5 veins. Stamens 6, often exserted; filaments filiform or dilated toward base; anthers dorsifixed near base, base with 2 lobes to 0.5 mm. Ovary 3-loculed; seeds several per locule. Style filiform, long, often conspicuously persistent in fruit; stigma very small. Fruit a capsule, globose or subglobose, loculicidal. Seeds irregularly 3-angled, sometimes winged along angles.[31] [more]

Erodium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves lobed or pinnatisect, longer than broad, stipulate. Flowers in cincinnal umbels, rarely solitary or 2. Involucral bracts 2 or more, united or free. Sepals and petals Fertile stamens 5, alternating with 5 staminodes. Ovary 5-lobed, long beaked in fruit. Beak plumose or bristly within on dehiscence. The stylar axis usually spirally twisted below. Mericarps with 2 apical pits.[32] [more]

Erythronium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from ovate to elongate bulbs, sometimes with small, beadlike segments of short, persistent rhizome attached; several species producing additional bulbs as sessile bulbels or at the ends of slender stolons or vertical droppers, these species typically flowering more sparingly than those without extensive vegetative reproduction. Leaves 2 (1 in nonflowering plants), basal, ± petiolate; blade green or mottled with purple, brown, or white, lanceolate to ovate (wider if solitary), flat to folded, 6-60 cm, glaucous in a few species, glabrous, base narrowed gradually or abruptly to petiole, margins entire or sometimes wavy. Scape green or sometimes reddish, typically elongating in fruit. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, 1-10-flowered. Flowers showy, usually nodding, sometimes held laterally or erect; tepals 6 (as few as 4 in E. propullans), spreading to reflexed, distinct, similar, white, yellow, pink, or violet, often with basal zone of yellow or other colors, lanceolate to ovate, inner tepals auriculate at base in many species, auricles appressed to ovary and forming sac- or pocketlike hollows on adaxial surfaces; stamens 6; filaments generally slender; ovary superior; style 1, abruptly attached to ovary (or forming a beak in E. rostratum) ; stigma unlobed or 3-lobed, lobes recurved to erect. Fruits capsular, erect, obovoid to oblong, apex rounded, truncate, or umbilicate (beaked in E. rostratum), dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds brown, ± angular, ± ovoid. x = 11, 12.[33] [more]

Eucryphia

Eucryphia is a small genus of or large shrubs of the Antarctic flora, native to the south temperate regions of South America and coastal eastern Australia. Traditionally placed in a family of their own, the Eucryphiaceae, more recent classifications place them in the Cunoniaceae. There are seven species, two in South America and five in Australia, and several named hybrids. They are mostly evergreen though one species (E. glutinosa) is usually deciduous. [more]

Euonymus

Trees or shrubs, the latter sometimes scandent. Leaves oppsite; stipules caducous. Flowers bisexual, 4-5-merous. Calyx flat or recurved. Disc broad, fleshy, 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, rounded, spreading, often with coloured veins. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the disc. Ovary sunken in the disc; style short. Fruit a capsule, 3-5-lobed, angled or winged, rarely echinate, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 1-3 in each cell, enclosed in a fleshy aril.[34] [more]

Ficus

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Fraxinus

Trees or rarely shrubs, deciduous or rarely evergreen. Leaves odd-pinnate, opposite or rarely whorled at branch apices; petiole and petiolule often basally thickened. Inflorescences terminal or axillary toward end of branches, or lateral on branches of previous year, paniculate; bracts linear to lanceolate, caducous or absent. Flowers small, unisexual, bisexual, or polygamous. Calyx 4-toothed or irregularly lobed, sometimes absent. Corolla white to yellowish, 4-lobed, divided to base or absent. Stamens 2, inserted at base of corolla lobes; filaments short, exserted at anthesis. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Style short; stigma ± 2-cleft. Fruit a samara with apically elongated wing. Seeds usually 1, ovate-oblong; endosperm fleshy; radicle erect.[35] [more]

Fuchsia

Fuchsia is a of flowering plants, mostly shrubs, and can grow long shoots, which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late-17th century, and named by Plumier in 1703 after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566). The English name fuchsias is frequently misspelled "fuschias". [more]

Gagea

Herbs perennial, small, bulbiferous. Bulbs ovoid to globose, covered with a tunic, distally sometimes with a collar of persistent leaf bases, basally sometimes with bulbels. Stem usually simple. Leaves basal or also cauline, linear or filiform. Inflorescence usually umbellate, corymbose, or racemose, less often reduced to a solitary flower, basally usually subtended by a bract; bracteole 1. Flowers bisexual. Tepals 6, free, in 2 whorls, yellow or yellow-green, very rarely white or other color, persistent, ± indurescent and accrescent in fruit. Stamens 6, equal or 3 longer; filaments filiform or proximally widened and flat; anthers basifixed. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules many per locule. Style usually rather long; stigma capitate or 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule, 3-angled, loculicidal, surrounded by enlarged, persistent tepals. Seeds many, globose to flat.[36] [more]

Galega

Galega officinalis, commonly known as goat's rue, French lilac, Italian fitch or professor-weed, is an herbaceous plant in the subfamily. It is native to the Middle East, but it has been naturalised in Europe, western Asia, and western Pakistan. The plant has been extensively cultivated as a forage crop, an ornamental, a bee plant and as green manure. Its name derives from gale (milk) and ega (to bring on), as Galega has been used as a galactogogue in small domestic animals (hence the name "Goat's rue"). Galega bicolor is a synonym. It is a hardy perennial that blooms in the summer months. [more]

Genista

Genista is a genus of which includes many species of broom. Many of these brooms are notorious as noxious weeds. [more]

Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate, variously divided. Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands. Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate, separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.[37] [more]

Gladiolus

Herbs, perennial, from corms. Stems simple or branched. Leaves 1-9; blade lanceolate to linear, plane or margins and/or midribs variously raised and thickened (then H- or X-shaped in cross section), or evidently terete, midribs and margins much thickened, grooved; grooves 4, narrow, longitudinal. Inflorescences spicate, partly to fully secund or with flowers weakly distichous; bracts green, sometimes flushed grayish purple, unequal, outer usually exceeding inner, acute or inner forked or notched apically. Flowers somewhat fragrant, zygomorphic [actinomorphic]; tepals basally connate into tube, variously colored, usually with contrasting markings comprising nectar guide on outer tepals, usually unequal, dorsal tepal largest, arched to hooded over stamens, outer 3 tepals narrower; perianth tube obliquely funnel-shaped to cylindric; stamens usually unilateral; anthers usually parallel; style usually arching over stamens, dividing into 3 filiform branches, these distally expanded. Capsules usually slightly inflated, oblong to ellipsoid or globose [rarely nearly cylindric], softly cartilaginous. Seeds usually many, broadly winged; rarely few, wingless, globose or angular; seed coat light to dark brown. x = 15.[38] [more]

Guihaia

[more]

Hebe

[more]

Heliconia

Plants: pseudostems erect, in groups of [1--]5--50. Leaves: petiole long [short or nearly absent], base of blade unequal on either side of midrib. Inflorescences terminal, erect [pendent], raceme of cincinni; cincinni spiral [2-ranked]; cincinnal bract ± enclosing each cincinnus, brightly colored, leaflike. Flowers each subtended by membranous floral bract. Fruits blue [rarely red or orange] at maturity. Seeds surrounded by stony, roughened endocarp (pyrenes). x = 12.[39] [more]

Helleborus

Herbs [subshrubs], perennial, from tough, short rhizomes [rhizomes absent]. Leaves basal and cauline, basal leaf much larger [all leaves cauline], petiolate; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade pedately or palmately compound or deeply parted [undivided], lobes narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate or lanceolate, margins sharply toothed [entire]. Inflorescences terminal, 3-4-flowered cymes, to 25 cm or flowers solitary or paired; bracts ±leaflike, divided, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual, radially symmetric; sepals persistent in fruit [not persistent], 5, yellowish green [white, pink, or purple], plane, ovate to elliptic, 19-30(-50) mm; petals 5-15, distinct, green or brown, funnel-shaped, ± 2-lipped, clawed, 4-8 mm; nectary in center of "funnel"; stamens 30-60; filaments filiform; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils [2-]3-6[-10], simple, proximally connate [distinct or completely connate]; ovules several per pistil; style present. Fruits follicles [capsules], aggregate, sessile, oblong, sides with prominent transverse veins; beak terminal, straight, 5-15 mm. Seeds usually ± carinate. x = 8.[40] [more]

Hemerocallis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, clump-forming, rhizomatous, from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading. Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing; blade long-linear, keeled, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral, slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube, distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11.[41] [more]

Heuchera

The genus Heuchera includes at least 50 of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Saxifragaceae, all native to North America. Common names include alumroot and coral bells. They have palmately lobed leaves on long petioles, and a thick, woody rootstock. The genus was named after Johann Heinrich von Heucher (1677–1746), an 18th century German physician. [more]

Hibbertia

Hyacinthella

[more]

Hyacinthoides

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs. Bulb annual, ovoid, composed of few tubular coalescent scales, completely renewed annually. Leaves few, basal. Inflorescences racemose, bracteate; bracts 2 subtending each flower, linear-lanceolate. Flowers: tepals shortly connate basally, each 1-veined, 15- 20 mm; stamens 6; filaments inserted on perianth; anthers dorsifixed, versatile, introrse; ovary superior, 3-locular, septal nectaries present, ovules 1-10 per locule; style simple; stigma swollen distally. Fruits capsular, subglobose, 3-lobed, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 3-30, black, globose to ellipsoid, unwinged. x = 8.[42] [more]

Hyacinthus

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Iberis

Annual or perennial herbs, mostly branched from below, glabrous or hairy with simple rarely glandular hairs. Leaves simple, entire or dentate to pinnatifid. Racemes corymbose, often showy. Flowers white, rose or lilac, often with unequal petals, pedicelled. Sepals suberect, not saccate. Petals usually unequal, outer two usually larger than the inner. Stamens 6; filaments simple. Lateral nectar glands usually in pairs, ± triangular, small; middle absent. Ovary ovate, bilocular, 2-ovulate; style about as long as the ovary. Siliculae ± ovate, bilocular, laterally compressed, dehiscent, rounded below, deeply emarginate (winged) above, 2-seeded;septum narrow, membranous; seed ovate, often margined(slightly winged) ; radicle accumbent.[43] [more]

Ilex

Usually dioecious shrubs or trees. Leaves coriaceous, often spinose and shiny above; stipules caducous. Flowers 4-5-merous, bisexual or unisexual with vestigial remains of either sex. Corolla rotate. Style absent or obsolete, stigma lobed. Drupe fleshy, pyrenes 2-5, rarely more.[44] [more]

Impatiens

Morphological characters are the same as those of the family, except: lateral petals always united in pairs into lateral, united petals; fruit a fleshy, explosive capsule; seeds often dispersed elastically from valves when ripe.[45] [more]

Isopyrum

Herbs perennial. Stem erect, smooth, glabrous. Leaves 2 × ternately compound. Basal leaves abaxially pale green, adaxially green. Stem leaves shortly petiolate; petiole sheathed; sheath white, membranous. Inflorescences panicled or cymose; bracts 1 or 2 × ternately compound, 3-lobed, or 3-sect. Flowers radially symmetric, small. Pedicel slender. Sepals 5, white, petaloid. Petals 5, much smaller than sepals, basally tubulose or shallowly scrotiform and shortly clawed. Stamens 20--30; filaments sublinear, 1-veined; anthers yellow, broadly ellipsoid. Pistils 1--5, free, erect, narrowly ovate; ovules numerous, arranged in 2 rows on ventral suture. Follicles 1--5, ellipsoid-ovoid, flat, horizontally veined, apically with a curved beak. Seeds numerous, black to blackish, ovoid to ellipsoid, smooth.[46] [more]

Juniperus

Shrubs or trees evergreen. Branchlets terete, 3--6 angled, variously oriented, but not in flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks or in whorls of 3. Adult leaves closely appressed to divergent, scalelike to subulate, free portion to ca. 10 mm (to ca. 15 mm in Juniperus communis ) ; abaxial gland visible or not, elongate to hemispheric ( J. ashei ), sometimes exuding white crystalline deposit. Pollen cones with 3--7 pairs or trios of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--8 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing in 1 or 2 years, globose to ovoid and berrylike, 3--20 mm, remaining closed, usually glaucous; scales persistent, 1--3 pairs, peltate, tightly coalesced, thick and fleshy or fibrous to obscurely woody. Seeds 1--3 per scale, round to faceted, wingless; cotyledons 2--6. x = 11.[47] [more]

Kniphofia

Kniphofia (Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily, Poker plant) is a genus of plants in the family that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]

Lampranthus

Lampranthus is a genus of plants in the family . One of the species in this genus is L. roseus, the mini ice plant. Other species in this genus include L, haworthii and L. aberdeen. All Lampranthus species flower between June and August with flower colors including red, orange, peach, yellow and light pink through to magenta and purple. [more]

Lantana

Shrubs, climbing, aromatic, pubescent or glabrous. Branches 4-angled, sometimes prickly. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade simple, crenate, often rugose. Inflorescences dense capitula, pedunculate; bracts exceeding calyx. Calyx small, membranous, truncate or sinuate dentate. Corolla nearly actinomorphic or slightly 2-lipped, tube slender; lobes 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, included. Ovary 2-locular. Style shorter than corolla tube; stigma obliquely subcapitate. Drupes with 2 1-seeded pyrenes.[48] [more]

Lavandula

Plants small shrubs, rarely herbs. Verticillasters 2-10-flowered, in crowded terminal spikes; bracteoles small or absent. Flowers short pedicellate or subsessile. Calyx ovoid-tubular to tubular, slightly dilated in fruit, straight, 13-15-veined, 2-lipped; upper lip entire, protracted into an appendage; lower lip equally (2-) 4-toothed, teeth narrower than those of upper lip. Corolla blue or purple; tube exserted, throat ± dilated; limb 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed. Stamens 4, included, anterior 2 longer; anther cells apically confluent. Style inserted at ovary base, apex 2-cleft, lobes flattened, ovate, connate. Nutlets smooth, shiny, each with a basal-dorsal areole.[49] [more]

Leptospermum

Leptospermum is a genus of about 80-86 species of plants in the myrtle family . Most species are endemic to Australia, with the greatest diversity in the south of the continent; but one species extends to New Zealand, another to Malaysia, and L. recurvum is endemic to Malaysia. [more]

Leucanthemum

Leucanthemum is a genus of about 70 flowering plants from the sunflower family (). The name Leucanthemum derives from the Greek words leukos, "white," and anthemon, "flower". It occurs in Europe, Northern Africa and the temperate regions of Asia. Many species have been introduced into America, Australia and New Zealand. [more]

Lythrum

Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs; young branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, alternate, or 3-whorled, sessile or subsessile. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, whorled in cymes, paired, or solitary in axils, 6-merous, [mono-, di-, or] trimorphic, shortly pedicellate. Floral tube elongate, cylindric [rarely broadly campanulate], 6-12-angled or -veined; sepals 6, generally short; epicalyx present, sometimes longer than sepals. Petals [absent to] 6, purple, rose, pink [or white]. Stamens [2-6 or]12, in two whorls of different lengths. Ovary 2-loculed; style of three lengths with capitate stigma below, above, or between two stamen whorls. Capsule elongated, included within persistent floral tube, 2-valved, valves often 2-lobed, dehiscence usually septicidal at apex. Seeds numerous, red-brown, elongate, bilaterally compressed, ca. 1 mm.[50] [more]

Marrubium

Marrubium (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of about 40 species of in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe and Asia. [more]

Melica

Perennial, tufted or rhizomatous. Culms erect or ascending. Leaf sheaths with fused margins; leaf blades linear; ligule membranous, often cylindrical and then sometimes with lobe on side opposite blade. Panicle spreading or more often contracted, sometimes scanty or racemelike; pedicels drooping, pubescent below spikelet. Spikelets weakly laterally compressed, composed of 1-3 lower fertile florets and a few upper reduced florets, these often compressed into a terminal cluster of rudimentary scales, disarticulating below lowest floret, tardily between florets, or spikelet falling entire; glumes well developed, broadly lanceolate or ovate, often not keeled, membranous or papery, equal or lower glume shorter, 1-5-veined, apex obtuse or acute; floret callus small, glabrous, obtuse; lemmas broadly lanceolate or ovate, usually herbaceous, sometimes largely membranous, back rounded, smooth, scabrid or hairy; 5-9(-13) -veined, apex membranous, obtuse, acute, or shallowly 2-lobed; palea usually shorter than lemma, or as long as lemma in upper florets, keels scabrid or ciliolate. Stamens 3. x = 9.[51] [more]

Metrosideros

Metrosideros is a genus of approximately 50 , shrubs, and vines native to the islands of the Pacific Ocean, from the Philippines to New Zealand and including the Bonin Islands, Polynesia, and Melanesia, with an anomalous outlier in South Africa. Most of the tree forms are small, but some are exceptionally large, the New Zealand species in particular. The name derives from the Greek metra or "heartwood" and sideron or "iron". Perhaps the best-known species are the pohutukawa, (M. excelsa), northern rata (M. robusta), and southern rata (M. umbellata) of New Zealand, and ?ohi?a lehua, (M. polymorpha), from the Hawaiian Islands. [more]

Micromeria

Subshrubs or herbs. Leaves subsessile to short petiolate, ± hairy, conspicuously impressed glandular, upper leaves bractlike. Verticillasters axillary, 1- to many flowered, in terminal spikes or panicles. Calyx tubular, 13(-15) -veined, straight or slightly curved, ± hairy, glandular, throat pilose, limb with 5 subequal straight teeth or somewhat 2-lipped. Corolla white, reddish, to purple, 2-lipped, hairy; tube straight, gradually dilated at throat; upper lip straight, margin entire, apex emarginate or 2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; lobes subequal or middle lobe larger, margin entire, undulate, or emarginate. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, ascending, free, apex arcuate, approximate, included or occasionally exserted; anther cells 2, parallel, divergent or divaricate, connectives transversely thicker. Style apex 2-cleft; lobes subulate, equal or anterior lobe elongated, involute, flat, posterior lobe short. Nutlets ovoid or triquetrous oblong, dry, smooth.[52] [more]

Miscanthus

Perennial, tufted or rhizomatous. Culms slender to robust, erect, solid. Leaves basal or cauline; leaf blades large, linear, flat, broad or narrow; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a panicle, often large and plumose, of racemes arranged on a long or short axis; raceme axis tough, internodes slender, spikelets paired, both spikelets pedicelled, pedicels slender, flattened, slightly clavate. Spikelets similar, lanceolate, dorsally compressed; callus bearded with hairs shorter than, as long as, or longer than the spikelet; glumes papery or membranous; lower floret usually represented by a hyaline sterile lemma; upper floret bisexual, lemma hyaline, awned or awnless. Stamens 2-3. Caryopsis oblong or ellipsoid.[53] [more]

Molinia

Molinia is a of two species of grasses. The genus is named after Juan Ignacio Molina, a 19th century naturalist and scientist from Chile. [more]

Moraea

Seasonal perenials. Corms rooting apically with fibrous or woody and unbroken tunics. Leaf bifacial, flat to channelled, or sometimes terete, 1-many. Flowering stems branched, branches few to many, sometimes unbranched, sometimes with 1 long areal internode with inflorescence and leaves crowded at the apex or entirely underground. Flowers long lived or fugaceous; mainly yellow to white; tepals free or united, clawed, unequal to subequal, spreading to reflexed or inner erect. Filaments united, entirely or partly or occasionally free; anthers appressed to style branches. Ovary occasionally beaked; style branches usually broad or flat, wider than the anther, ending in large paired crests; stigma terminal, divided or undivided and extending between the stamens. Capsule globose to obconic or oblong, occasionally beaked. Seeds discoid or angular; testa sometimes spongy.[54] [more]

Neotinea

[more]

Oenothera

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, caulescent or acaulescent, with a taproot or fibrous roots, occasionally with rhizomes or shoots arising from spreading lateral roots. Leaves alternate or in a basal rosette that often is absent in mature plants, entire, toothed to pinnatifid; stipules absent. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, in axils of upper leaves, when numerous forming terminal leafy spikes, racemes, or corymbs, opening near sunset or near sunrise. Floral tube usually well developed, cylindric and somewhat flared near mouth, deciduous soon after anthesis. Sepals 4, green or yellowish, often tinged or striped red or purple. Petals 4, yellow, purple, pink, or white. Stamens 8; anthers versatile; pollen shed singly. Ovary with 4 locules; ovules numerous; stigma divided into 4 linear lobes, receptive all around, and subtended by a ± conspicuous ringlike indusium in early development, but often obscured when receptive. Fruit a dehiscent capsule [rarely indehiscent outside of China], straight or curved, terete to 4-angled or winged, sessile, occasionally pedicellate, or basal portion sterile and stipelike. Seeds numerous, in 1 or 2(or 3) rows or in clusters in each of 4 locules. 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56.[55] [more]

Pachycereus

Shrubs [trees], erect, branched, branches mostly basal, closely parallel [to candelabra-shaped or solitary]. Roots diffuse. Stems unsegmented, dark green or green to blue-green or glaucous gray-green, thick columnar, often somewhat narrowed between growth increments, 300-4500[-700] × [5-]12-16[-100 in P. weberi] cm, sometimes dimorphic with terminal reproductive zone or cephalium bearing specialized, densely spiny areoles; ribs [absent on cephalium in P. militaris or 3-]4-7[-16 in P. pringlei], nearly triangular in cross section to rounded, rib crests flat to crenate; areoles distinct or confluent via felty abaxial grooves along ribs, of [1 or] 2 kinds, circular to shield-shaped and slightly raised to elongate and flat; hairs white to light gray; areolar glands absent; cortex and pith not mucilaginous, blackening when cut, firm, pith often exceeding 5 cm diam. Spines [0-]5-20[-60] per areole, whitish gray to gray, sometimes aging black; radial spines on proximal, nonflower-producing portions of stems, acicular to short and stout, usually less than 3 cm; central spines (0-) 1(-3) per areole, usually pointing toward stem base, otherwise longer but similar to radial spines in form and color, (1-) 3(-10+ in P. weberi) cm; on flowering areoles radial and central spines not readily distinguishable, bristles numerous [or nearly absent], gray [amber-yellow to golden or reddish brown], wiry, long, slender. Flowers nocturnal [or diurnal], several per areole [or solitary], subterminal to lateral on distal 1-3 m of stem in cephalium of specialized, densely bristly, nearly confluent areoles [or stem areoles not specialized], from adaxial portion of areoles, cylindric to narrowly funnelform, narrowly campanulate, or short funnelform, 3-4.5[-12] cm; tepals spreading [to ascending or erect], margins entire to fimbriate; outer tepals with pink to rose centers and lighter margins [to yellowish, greenish, or rose-maroon]; inner tepals whitish pink [to ivory white, yellowish, rose, or coral]; ovary few scaled [to very scaly], spineless [to very spiny or bristly]; scales soon deciduous [persistent], rose-red to yellowish, soon turning black [or not changing], triangular with prominent bases, fleshy [to papery], tips acute to acuminate, with axillary tufts of whitish to tan hairs [to densely tan woolly]. Fruits indehiscent [ to irregularly dehiscent or dehiscing by vertical slits], reddish [sometimes color hidden by tan to yellowish wool], ovoid to spheric, 20-75 mm diam.; areoles ± absent [or deciduous or persistent], spineless [or spiny to densely covered with wirelike bristles]; pulp slightly sour to sweet, colorless or wine red [purplish or yellowish], often not filling locule; floral remnant absent [or persistent]. Seeds black, ovoid to helmet- or comma-shaped, 2.2-2.8[-6] mm, glossy; testa relatively smooth [to ± papillate], cells usually flat with minute pits at "corners" between cells. x = 11.[56] [more]

Papaver

Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap white, orange, or red. Stems when present leafy. Leaves: basal rosulate, petiolate; cauline alternate, proximal leaves petiolate, distal subsessile or sessile, sometimes clasping (in P . somniferum ) ; blade unlobed or 1-3× pinnately lobed or parted; margins entire or toothed, scalloped, or incised. Inflorescences cymiform, with flowers disposed in 1s, 2s or 3s on long scapes or peduncles; bracts present; buds nodding [erect]. Flowers: sepals 2(-3), distinct; petals 4(-6) ; stamens many; pistil 3-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-locular, sometimes incompletely multilocular by placental intrusion; style absent; stigmas 3-18[-22], radiating on sessile, ± lobed disc,