Overview
Photos
Taxonomy
The Order Styracales is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Suborder (2): Ebenineae · Styracineae
- Family (4): Ebenaceae · Lissocarpaceae · Styracaceae · Symplocaceae
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3,383 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Order Styracales.
Families
Ebenaceae
Trees or erect shrubs, occasionally with spine-tipped branchlets. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire; stipules absent. Flowers actinomorphic, usually unisexual, dioecious, or polygamous, rarely bisexual. Male flowers often in cymes, sometimes in clusters or solitary; pistil rudimentary or absent. Female flowers often solitary, axillary, imperfect or without stamens. Calyx 3--7-lobed, persistent and often becoming enlarged in female or bisexual flowers; lobes abutting or overlapping in bud. Corolla 3--7-lobed; lobes convolute, rarely overlapping or abutting. Stamens hypogynous or at bottom of corolla, 2--4 X as many as corolla lobes, rarely as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them; filaments free or united in pairs. Ovary superior, 2--16-locular; ovules 1 or 2 per locule. Styles 2--8, free or basally united; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a ± fleshy berry, with few to several seeds. Seeds usually oblong; endosperm sometimes ruminate; hilum small.[1] [more]
Lissocarpaceae
Styracaceae
Trees or shrubs, usually stellate pubescent or scaly, rarely glabrous. Leaves usually alternate, simple; stipules absent or very minute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, panicles, or cymes, rarely 1-flowered or several flowers in a fascicle; bracteoles minute or absent. Flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous dioecious, actinomorphic. Calyx campanulate, obconical, or cup-shaped; tube completely or partially adnate to ovary; teeth or lobes 4 or 5(or 6), sometimes very small or obsolete. Corolla mostly white, gamopetalous; lobes (4 or) 5(--7), basally ± connate, rarely free, imbricate or valvate, rarely slightly induplicate. Stamens twice, sometimes equal in number to corolla lobes, inserted at base of corolla; filaments mostly flattened, basally partially or completely connate into a tube; anthers introrse, 2-locular, locules parallel and opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, half inferior, or inferior, 3--5-locular or apically 1-locular and basally 3--5-locular; ovules few or solitary in each locule, erect, pendulous, or anatropous, integument 1 or 2, placentation axile or parietal. Style slender, linear or subulate; stigma truncate, capitate or 2--5-lobed. Fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule, exocarp fleshy to dry. Seeds sometimes winged, often with a broad hilum; embryo straight or slightly curved; endosperm copious; cotyledons flattened or subterete.[2] [more]
Symplocaceae
Shrubs or trees, evergreen (Symplocos paniculata deciduous) . Leaves spirally or distichously arranged, simple; stipules absent; leaf blade margin entire, dentate, or glandular dentate, midvein adaxially impressed or rarely flat or prominent. Inflorescences in spikes, racemes, panicles, or glomerules, rarely flowers solitary. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual, supported by 1 bract and 2 bractlets, rarely bractless or with several bracts in leaf axil. Ovary inferior to half inferior, 2--5-locular but unless stated otherwise in descriptions 3-locular, with 2--4 ovules per locule. Calyx lobes (3--) 5, persistent, valvate or imbricate. Corolla white (not repeated in descriptions) or yellow, gamopetalous but divided nearly to base (or to middle in S. pendula) ; lobes (3--) 5(--11), imbricate. Stamens many, rarely 4 or 5, adnate to base of corolla tube, monadelphous in subgenus Symplocos, monadelphous to pentadelphous in subgenus Hopea; filaments distinct or in fascicles; anthers subglobose, 2-locular. Ovary usually with an apical 5-glandular, annular, cylindrical, or 5-lobed disc. Style 1, filiform; stigma small, capitate or 2--5-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo straight or curved; cotyledons very short.[3] [more]
At least 1,142 species and subspecies belong to the Family Symplocaceae.
More info about the Family Symplocaceae may be found here.
Bibliography
- Hwang Shu-mei in Wu Rong-fen (as Wu Young-fen) & Hwang Shu-mei, eds. 1987. Styracaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(2): 77-150.
- Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Ebenaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 84-154.
- Wu Rong-fen (as Wu Young-fen) in Wu Young-fen & Hwang Shu-mei, eds. 1987. Symplocaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(2): 1-77.
Footnotes
- Shugang Li, Michael G. Gilbert & Frank White "Ebenaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 215. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Shumei Huang & James W. Grimes "Styracaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 253. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Young-fen Wu & Hans P. Nooteboom "Symplocaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 235. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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