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Solanaceae

(Family)

Overview

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Herbs, shrubs, small trees, or climbers. Stems sometimes prickly, rarely thorny; hairs simple, branched, or stellate, sometimes glandular. Leaves alternate, solitary or paired, simple or pinnately compound, without stipules; leaf blade entire, dentate, lobed, or divided. Inflorescences terminal, overtopped by continuing axes, appearing axillary, extra-axillary, or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate, racemose, paniculate, clustered, or solitary flowers, rarely true cymes, sometimes bracteate. Flowers mostly bisexual, usually regular, 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6-9-merous. Calyx mostly lobed. Petals united. Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted within corolla, all alike or 1 or more reduced; anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores. Ovary 2-5-locular; placentation mostly axile; ovules usually numerous. Style 1. Fruiting calyx often becoming enlarged, mostly persistent. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved.

About 95 genera with 2300 species: best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions; 20 genera (ten introduced) and 101 species in China.

Some species of Solanaceae are known in China only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens: Atropa belladonna Linnaeus, Cyphomandra betacea (Cavanilles) Sendtner, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willdenow) Berchtold & Presl, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, and Solanum jasminoides Paxton.[1]

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Family Solanaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Acnistus

Acnistus is a genus of plants in the or Nightshade Family. [more]

Alibrexia

Nolana (Chilean Bell Flower) is a genus of or perennial plants in the Nightshade family, which is native of costal areas in Chile and Peru. [more]

Alicabon

[more]

Alkekengi

[more]

Alona

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Amatula

Amatula is a genus of moth in the family . [more]

Amphipleis

[more]

Androcera

[more]

Anisodus

Subshrubs or perennial herbs, glabrous or pubescent with simple and dendritic hairs. Roots stout, fleshy. Stems erect, obtusely angular, di- or trichotomously branched. Leaves solitary or paired, petiolate, simple, entire or coarsely dentate. Inflorescences solitary flowers in leaf axils. Flowers mostly nodding, somewhat actinomorphic or calyx 2-lipped. Calyx mostly funnelform, evidently 10-veined, 4- or 5-lobed; lobes unequal, variable in shape and length. Corolla campanulate, lobes quincuncial, included or exserted from calyx. Stamens shorter than corolla, inserted near base of corolla tube; filaments usually glabrous at base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary conical, 2-locular, with a disclike nectary. Fruiting pedicel thickened or elongated. Fruiting calyx becoming enlarged, turbinate or campanulate, sometimes elongated beyond fruit, with main veins prominent and pleated. Fruit a globose or ovoid capsule, circumscissile above middle or dehiscent at apex. Seeds numerous, compressed.[2] [more]

Anthocercis

Anthocercis, commonly known as Tailflower, is a of shrubs which are native to the desert of Western Australia. The genus, which is placed within the Solanaceae family, was first formally described by Jacques Labillardière in 1806. Anthocercis is known as the only Solonaceous plant known to produce resin compounds on glandular trichomes. Species include: [more]

Anthotroche

[more]

Anthrotroche

[more]

Antimion

[more]

Apemon

This is a list of known as Digimon: [more]

Aplocarya

Nolana (Chilean Bell Flower) is a genus of or perennial plants in the Nightshade family, which is native of costal areas in Chile and Peru. [more]

Aquartia

[more]

Archihyoscyamus

[more]

Archiphysalis

[more]

Ascleia

[more]

Athanaea

[more]

Athanasia

[more]

Athenaea

The Panathenaea (?a?a???a?a "all-Athenian festival") was the most important festival for and one of the grandest in the entire ancient Greek world. Except for slaves, all inhabitants of the polis could take part in the festival. [more]

Atrichodendron

[more]

Atropa

Atropa () is a genus of plants in the nightshade family. Its best-known member is the deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna. Its pharmacologically active ingredient is atropine. The genus is named after Atropos of the Three Fates, the one which cut the life thread. [more]

Atropanthe

Subshrubs or perennial herbs, glabrous. Rhizomes thick. Stems erect, terete or angled, di- or trichotomously branched. Leaves mostly paired, petiolate, entire. Inflorescences solitary flowers axillary or lateral on stems. Flowers nodding, 5-merous, zygomorphic. Pedicel elongate. Calyx tubular-campanulate or somewhat urceolate, slightly inflated, somewhat bent, 15-veined, with 5 main veins; lobes subequal. Corolla slightly zygomorphic, tubular-campanulate, twice as long as calyx, 15-veined; lobes subequal, quincuncial in bud. Stamens inserted in corolla tube, unequal, shorter than or equaling corolla; filaments pubescent at base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Disc ringlike, indistinctly lobed. Ovary 2-locular. Fruiting pedicel hardly thickened. Fruiting calyx inflated at base, contracted below apex but open, abruptly inserted on pedicel and easily detached from it after drying. Fruit a globose capsule. Seeds rectangular, somewhat compressed, netted.[3] [more]

Aureliana

Aureliana is a genus of in family Solanaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Bargemontia

Nolana (Chilean Bell Flower) is a genus of or perennial plants in the Nightshade family, which is native of costal areas in Chile and Peru. [more]

Bassovia

[more]

Battata

[more]

Belenia

[more]

Belladonna

Atropa belladonna , commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant with leaves and berries that are extremely toxic and hallucinogenic. [more]

Bellinia

[more]

Benthamiella

[more]

Blencocoes

[more]

Boberella

[more]

Bosleria

[more]

Bouchetia

[more]

Brachistus

[more]

Brachyanthes

[more]

Browallia

Browallia is a of Solanaceae family. [more]

Brugmansia

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Brunfelsia

Brunfelsia is a of about 40 species of neotropical shrubs and small trees. [more]

Brunfelsiopsis

[more]

Brunsfelsia

[more]

Busbeckea

[more]

Cacabus

[more]

Calibrachoa

Calibrachoa is a of plants in the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. They are weak evergreen perennials with a sprawling habit, and they have small petunia-type flowers. [more]

Calydermos

[more]

Capnorea

[more]

Capsicum

Shrubs or annual or perennial herbs; pubescence of simple hairs. Stems branched. Leaves solitary or paired, petiolate; leaf blade simple, entire or sinuate. Inflorescences solitary or few-flowered clusters at branch forks or leaf axils; peduncle absent. Flowers nodding or erect, actinomorphic. Pedicel erect or nodding. Calyx broadly campanulate to cup-shaped, denticulate, sometimes slightly enlarged. Corolla white, blue, or violet, campanulate or rotate, divided halfway or more. Stamens inserted near distal end of corolla tube; filaments slender; anthers yellow or purplish, ovoid, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2- (or 3) - locular; ovules numerous. Style slender; stigma small, capitate. Fruit a moist berry, sometimes large, erect, nodding, or reflexed. Seeds yellowish, discoid; embryo coiled, subperipheral.[4] [more]

Ceranthera

[more]

Ceratocaulos

[more]

Cestrum

Shrubs or trees, glabrous or pubescent with simple or branched hairs. Leaves solitary, simple, petiolate, entire. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemose or paniculate, sometimes clustered in leaf axils, often bracteate or bracteolate. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx campanulate or tubular. Corolla long tubular; tube sometimes expanded or contracted around anthers, sometimes pubescent abaxially; limb lobed, usually spreading. Stamens inserted at various levels in corolla tube; filaments sometimes pubescent or appendaged at or below point of insertion; anthers dehiscing longitudinally; disc mostly evident. Ovary 2-locular; ovules few to several, rarely to 20. Style slender; stigma entire or 2-lobed, rarely exserted. Fruit a berry, mostly white or blackish, globose, ovoid, or oblong, often juicy. Seeds 1 or several, oblong; embryo straight or slightly curved; cotyledons ovate, oblong and much wider than radicle, or cylindric.[5] [more]

Chaenesthes

[more]

Chaetochilus

[more]

Chamaesaracha

[more]

Cleochroma

[more]

Cliocarpus

[more]

Codochonia

[more]

Coeloneurum

[more]

Combera

[more]

Crenidium

[more]

Cuatresia

[more]

Cyclostigma

Croton is an extensive genus of the family Euphorbiaceae established by Carolus Linnaeus in 1737. The common names for this genus are rushfoil and croton, but this latter also refers to Codiaeum variegatum. The genus name comes from Greek Kroton, which means ticks, because of the seeds' resemblance to ticks. [more]

Cyphanthera

[more]

Cyphomandra

Cyphomandra was a in the flowering plant family Solanaceae (the nightshades and relative). It used to contain about 35 species native to countries of the Americas from Mexico southwards to Northern Argentina. [more]

Cyphonandra

[more]

Darcya

[more]

Darcyanthus

[more]

Dartus

[more]

Datura

Shrubs or annual or perennial herbs; pubescence of simple sometimes glandular hairs. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade simple, entire or sinuate-dentate. Inflorescences solitary flowers in leaf axils or in branch forks; peduncle, bracts, and bracteoles absent. Flowers actinomorphic, large. Pedicel often stout. Calyx long tubular or cylindric, often circumscissile near base. Corolla elongated, funnelform; lobes sometimes cuspidate. Anthers mostly elongated, dehiscing longitudinally, included. Ovary 2-4-locular. Fruit a dry capsule, 4-valved or irregularly dehiscent, prickly or unarmed, often subtended by remnants of persistent calyx. Seeds numerous, laterally compressed; embryo curved.[6] [more]

Deprea

[more]

Diamonon

[more]

Dictyocalyx

[more]

Dierbachia

[more]

Dimorphylia

[more]

Diplukion

[more]

Discopodium

[more]

Dittostigma

[more]

Dolia

Nolana (Chilean Bell Flower) is a genus of or perennial plants in the Nightshade family, which is native of costal areas in Chile and Peru. [more]

Dolichosiphon

[more]

Dorystigma

[more]

Duboisa

[more]

Duboisia

Duboisia (commonly called Corkwood Tree) is a of small perennial shrubs to trees about 14 m tall, with extremely light wood and a thick corky bark. They are native to Australia and New Caledonia. The leaves are an important component in the production of the drug 'pituri', traditionally used and traded by Australian Aborigines. [more]

Dulcamara

Dulcamara means "bittersweet" (literally "sweet-bitter"). It can refer to: [more]

Dunalia

[more]

Dyssochroma

[more]

Eadesia

[more]

Ectozoma

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Elisia

[more]

Entrecasteauxia

[more]

Ephaiola

[more]

Eplateia

[more]

Eriolarynx

[more]

Eucapnia

[more]

Evoista

[more]

Exodeconus

[more]

Fabiana

[more]

Fontqueriella

[more]

Franciscea

[more]

Fregirardia

Cestrum is a of - depending on authority - 150-250 species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas, from the southernmost United States (Florida, Texas: Day-blooming Cestrum, C. diurnum) south to the Bío-Bío Region in central Chile (Green Cestrum, C. parqui). They are colloquially known as cestrums or jessamines (from "jasmine", due to their fragant flowers). [more]

Grabowseia

[more]

Grabowskia

Grabowskia is a genus of in family Solanaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Grabowsklia

[more]

Grammosolen

[more]

Gubleria

Nolana (Chilean Bell Flower) is a genus of or perennial plants in the Nightshade family, which is native of costal areas in Chile and Peru. [more]

Guincula

[more]

Habrothamnus

Cestrum is a of - depending on authority - 150-250 species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas, from the southernmost United States (Florida, Texas: Day-blooming Cestrum, C. diurnum) south to the Bío-Bío Region in central Chile (Green Cestrum, C. parqui). They are colloquially known as cestrums or jessamines (from "jasmine", due to their fragant flowers). [more]

Hawkesiophyton

[more]

Hebecladus

[more]

Herschelia

[more]

Heteranthia

[more]

Himeranthus

[more]

Huanuca

[more]

Hunzikeria

[more]

Hydrocalyx

[more]

Hyoscarpus

[more]

Hyosciamus

[more]

Hyoscyamus

Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, erect or sprawling; pubescence of simple glandular hairs. Leaves sometimes forming a rosette, short petiolate or sessile; leaf blade sinuate, coarsely dentate or pinnately lobed, rarely entire. Inflorescences of solitary axillary flowers, sometimes condensed into scorpioid racemes or spikes. Flowers 5-merous, zygomorphic, sessile or short pedicellate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, urceolate, or obconical, becoming enlarged, lobes erect or spreading, needlelike. Corolla campanulate or funnelform, lobes unequal. Stamens inserted in corolla tube, usually slightly exserted; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Disc sometimes indistinct. Ovary 2-locular; ovules numerous. Fruiting calyx enveloping and longer than capsule, lobes with strong marginal veins produced into mucros. Capsules dehiscent by an operculum slightly distal to middle. Seeds reniform or discoid, minutely pitted; embryo ringlike or coiled.[7] [more]

Hypnoticum

[more]

Iochroma

Iochroma is a genus of about 24 species of and small trees found in the forests of South America. They range from Colombia to Argentina or when certain species are excluded (see below) from Colombia to Peru. Their hummingbird pollinated flowers are tubular or trumpet-shaped, and may be blue, purple, red, yellow, or white, becoming pulpy berries. The cupular calyx is inflated in some species. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire. [more]

Isandra

[more]

Isandraea

[more]

Jaborosa

[more]

Jaltomata

[more]

Jasminoides

[more]

Juanulloa

[more]

Kokabus

[more]

Kukolis

[more]

Lamarckia

[more]

Lamarkea

[more]

Langsdorfia

[more]

Larnax

[more]

Latua

[more]

Laureria

[more]

Lehmannia

[more]

Leloutrea

Nolana (Chilean Bell Flower) is a genus of or perennial plants in the Nightshade family, which is native of costal areas in Chile and Peru. [more]

Leptofeddea

[more]

Leptoglossis

[more]

Leptophragma

[more]

Leucanthea

[more]

Leucophysalis

[more]

Levana

[more]

Lomeria

[more]

Lonchestigma

[more]

Lyciantes

[more]

Lycianthes

Shrubs, subshrubs, or rarely herbs or creeping herbs, unarmed; pubescence of many-celled, simple or 2- to many-branched hairs. Leaves solitary, paired, or sometimes unequal paired; leaf blade entire. Inflorescences 1-10-flowered fascicles in leaf axils; peduncle obsolete or absent. Flowers actinomorphic, 5- or rarely 4-merous, pedicellate. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, often