Overview
Lamiales is an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 20 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.
Species in this order typically have the following characteristics, although there are exceptions to all of them:
- superior ovary composed of two fused carpels
- five petals fused into a tube
- bilaterally symmetrical, often bilabiate corollas
- four (or fewer) fertile stamens
Taxonomic history
Lamiales formerly had a restricted circumscription (e.g., by Arthur Cronquist) that included the major families Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Verbenaceae, and Boraginaceae plus a few smaller families. Recent phylogenetic work has shown that Lamiales is polyphyletic with respect to order Scrophulariales and the two groups are now usually combined in a single order that also includes the former orders Hippuridales and Plantaginales. Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group. The placement of Boraginaceae is unclear but phylogenetic work shows that this family does not belong in Lamiales.
Also, the circumscription of family Scrophulariaceae, formerly a paraphyletic group defined primarily by plesiomorphic characters and from within which numerous other families of the Lamiales were derived, has been radically altered to create a number of smaller, better-defined and putatively monophyletic families.
External links
- Lamiales
- A parsimony analysis of the Asterida e sensu lato based on rbcL sequences
- Distintegration of the Scrophulariaceae (deals with relationships throughout Lamiales)
- http://www.itis.usda.gov of 2002-05-31 TSN: 500018
- L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com
- http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/acanth.htm 2002-09-06
- http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52e.htm 2002-09-06
- http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52efam.htm 2002-09-06
- http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic-plants/Relation-Scroph.html
- http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/web.dbs/genlist.html 2002-09-06
Media related to Lamiales at Wikimedia Commons 
Data related to Lamiales at Wikispecies
Taxonomy
The Order Scrophulariales is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Family (6): Buddlejaceae · Globulariaceae · Myoporaceae · Oftiaceae · Retziaceae · Trapellaceae
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 937 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Order Scrophulariales.
Families
Buddlejaceae
Buddleja, often misspelled Buddleia () but commonly known as the Butterfly Bush, is a genus of flowering plants. The generic name bestowed by Linnaeus honours the Reverend Adam Buddle (1662?1715), a botanist and rector in Essex, England, but who could never have seen a plant of the genus. [more]
Globulariaceae
Myoporaceae
Myoporaceae is a family of plants, found mostly in Australia, which includes the following genera: [more]
Oftiaceae
Retziaceae
Trapellaceae
More info about the Family Trapellaceae may be found here.
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2012.
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