Overview
Taxonomy
The Tribe Salsoleae is a member of the Subfamily Salsoloideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Salsoleae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Subclass: Caryophyllidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Caryophyllanae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Order: Caryophyllales
Perleb, 1826
- Suborder: Chenopodiineae
- Family: Amaranthaceae
(se-LO-see-uh)
Adanson, 1763 ex A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Subfamily: Salsoloideae
- Tribe: Salsoleae
- Subfamily: Salsoloideae
- Family: Amaranthaceae
(se-LO-see-uh)
Adanson, 1763 ex A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Suborder: Chenopodiineae
- Order: Caryophyllales
Perleb, 1826
- Superorder: Caryophyllanae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Subclass: Caryophyllidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
The Tribe Salsoleae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (29): Anabasis · Arthrophytum · Choriptera · Cornulaca · Cyathobasis · Fadenia · Gamanthus · Girgensohnia · Halanthium · Halarchon · Halocharis · Halogeton · Halothamnus · Haloxylon · Horaninovia · Iljinia · Lagenantha · Nanophyton · Noaea · Nucularia · Ofaiston · Piptoptera · Rhaphidophyton · Salsola · Seidlitzia · Sevada · Sympegma · Traganopsis · Traganum
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 611 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Tribe Salsoleae.
Genera
Anabasis
Anabasis (from Greek ana = "upward", bainein = "go") is an expedition from a coastline up into the interior of a country. Katabasis, by contrast, is a trip from the interior down to the coast. Two classic texts are titled with "anabasis": [more]
Arthrophytum
Subshrubs or shrubs, glabrous or with papillate processes. Annual branches terete or obtusely 4-angled, jointed, slightly fleshy. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear, semiterete or clavate, fleshy, rarely subulate or scale-like, base slightly expanded, apex obtuse or with a short, acicular awn; leaf axil usually cottony. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, bisexual, with 2 bractlets. Perianth subglobose; segments 5, orbicular to broadly elliptic, herbaceous, abaxially somewhat thickened, bearing a transverse, winglike process a little below apex in fruit, adaxially convex, margin membranous, apex usually recurved. Disk cupular or discoid, usually with 5 interstaminal lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on disk; filaments subulate, compressed; anthers broadly ovate-cordate, apex without an appendage or mucronate. Style very short, apex slightly contracted; stigmas 2-5-lobed. Utricle enclosed in perianth, hemispheric, apex truncate or somewhat convex; pericarp fleshy. Seed horizontal; embryo spiral; perisperm absent.[1] [more]
Choriptera
Cornulaca
Herbs annual or small shrubs. Stem and branches stout, not jointed. Leaves sessile, alternate, subulate or acicular, base expanded, apex pellucid; leaf axils fascicular villous. Flowers solitary or clustered in leaf axils, minute, bisexual, with 2 bractlets. Perianth segments 5, free or fused, apex with a free, membranous lobe; fruiting perianth enlarged, hardened, and bearing an acicular appendage abaxially, forming a narrowly conic spine, apex of segment remaining unchanged, persistent at junction of perianth and spine. Disk present or absent. Stamens up to 5; anthers narrowly oblong, appendage obscure or absent. Ovary ovoid; stigmas 2, filiform. Utricle enclosed in enlarged perianth, ovoid, slightly compressed; pericarp membranous, adnate to seed. Seed vertical; testa membranous; embryo conic-spiral; perisperm absent.[2] [more]
Cyathobasis
Fadenia
Gamanthus
Girgensohnia
Herbs annual or subshrubs, glabrous or shortly hairy. Stem much branched; branches jointed, terete or ribbed. Leaves opposite, sessile, triangular-ovate, leathery, margin entire or denticulate, apex acute. Flowers small, bisexual, with 2 bractlets. Perianth segments 5, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, papery, 1-veined, abaxially with a recurved, winglike appendage. Disk 5-lobed; lobes obtuse at apex. Stamens 5, inserted on disk; filaments subulate; anthers ovate-cordate, apex obtuse or finely mucronate. Ovary ovoid or subglobose, compressed; ovule subsessile; style short; stigma capitate, 2-divided. Utricle enclosed in perianth; pericarp membranous. Seed vertical, ovoid or globose, compressed; testa membranous; embryo spiral or planospiral; perisperm absent.[3] [more]
Halanthium
Halarchon
Halocharis
Halogeton
Halogeton is a plant genus of the family Amaranthaceae. The genus name, Halogeton, derives from the Greek words for "salt" and for "neighbor." [more]
Halothamnus
Herbs or subshrubs. Stems erect, much branched. Leaves alternate, linear, semiterete. Flowers borne in bract axils, forming a spicate inflorescence, bisexual, with 2 bractlets. Perianth 5-parted; segments narrowly ovate, in fruit proximally enlarged and woody, expanded at base forming a flat basal surface, 5-ribbed, with a transverse, membranous wing near middle abaxially. Stamens 5; filaments expanded proximally; anthers without an appendage. Ovary depressed globose; style very short; stigmas 2, narrowly lanceolate, apex obtuse. Fruit a utricle. Seed horizontal; embryo spiral.[4] [more]
Haloxylon
Shrubs or trees, glabrous, or cottony in leaf axils. Stem erect, much branched; older branches terete, annual ones green or blue-green, pointed. Leaves opposite, reduced to scales or nearly absent, bases united, apex obtuse or with a short awn. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, bisexual, with 2 bractlets. Perianth segments 5, free, papery or dry membranous, abaxially with a distal, transverse wing in fruit, adaxially concave, base usually arachnoid; wing horizontal, membranous, longitudinally veined. Disk cupular. Stamens 5, inserted on disk; anthers elliptic, without an appendage. Ovary base sunken into disk; style very short; stigmas 2-5. Utricle hemispheric, apically slightly concave; pericarp fleshy, adnate to seed. Seed horizontal; embryo green, spiral; perisperm absent.[5] [more]
Horaninovia
Herbs annual, glabrous or hispidulous; branches dichotomous or opposite. Leaves opposite or alternate, acicular or terete, stiff, base expanded. Flowers solitary or clustered in glomerules in leaf axils, bisexual or unisexual. Perianth 4- or 5-parted; segments broadly ovate to oblong, membranous or leathery, abaxially usually transversely winged in fruit, apex obtuse, acute, or awned. Disk cupular; lobes semiorbicular. Stamens 5, inserted between lobes of disk; filaments subulate; anthers cylindric to broadly elliptic, with or without an awnlike appendage. Ovary base sunken in disk; ovule sessile; style very short; stigma capitulate, 2- or 3-lobed. Utricle abaxially convex, adaxially slightly concave; pericarp membranous, more fleshy basally, free from seed. Seed horizontal or oblique, depressed globose; testa membranous; embryo spiral, slender; perisperm absent.[6] [more]
Iljinia
Subshrubs. Branches not jointed; annual branches terete. Leaves alternate, obliquely spreading, subclavate, straight or slightly upward arcuate, somewhat fleshy. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, sessile, bisexual, with 2 bractlets. Perianth slightly depressed, herbaceous, becoming slightly hardened and papery in fruit, glabrous; segments 5, free, ovate to suborbicular, veinless, abaxially with a transverse wing near apex, adaxially concave, margin membranous. Disk cupular, 5-lobed; lobes semiorbicular, margin slightly fleshy. Stamens 5, inserted on disk; filaments filiform, flattened, short; anthers ovoid, apex with a mucronate appendage. Ovary ovoid or depressed globose; style very short; stigmas 2, expanded. Utricle hemispheric, adaxially plane or slightly concave. Seed horizontal, slightly depressed; embryo planospiral; perisperm absent.[7] [more]
Lagenantha
Nanophyton
Subshrubs cushion-shaped, glabrous or cottony in leaf axils. Leaves alternate, sessile, triangular-ovate, adaxially concave, leathery, base semiamplexicaul, margin membranous, apex subulate or pungent. Flowers solitary in leaf axils and usually 1-4-clustered at each annual branch apex, bisexual, with 2 bractlets. Perianth segments 5, free, in 2 whorls, 2 in outer whorl, 3 in inner whorl, twisted into a cone, lanceolate, adaxially concave, membranous, distinctly enlarged and becoming papery in fruit, without abaxial appendages, apex acute or acuminate. Disk cupular, with 5 semiorbicular, fleshy lobes. Stamens 5, inserted between lobes of disk; filaments complanate; anthers sagittate, apex with a mucronate appendage. Ovary ovoid, compressed; style terete, slightly longer than stigmas; stigmas 2, recurved or erect, linear. Utricle enclosed in perianth, ovoid or broadly so, abaxially convex, adaxially concave; pericarp membranous, adnate to seed. Seed vertical; testa membranous; embryo spiral or planospiral; perisperm absent.[8] [more]
Noaea
Nucularia
Ofaiston
Piptoptera
Rhaphidophyton
Salsola
Herbs, annual, or subshrubs [shrubs and small trees], glabrous, or ± pubescent or hispid. Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate, branched (rarely simple), not jointed, not armed, not fleshy. Leaves mostly alternate (rarely opposite, especially proximal ones), sessile; blade lanceolate, linear, or filiform to subulate, semiterete, margins entire basally, apex obtuse, soft and subspinescent or narrowed to spine or soft bristle. Inflorescences spicate, flowers solitary in axils of bracts or reduced distal leaves (rarely 2-3-flowered with lateral flowers poorly developed) ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, spine-tipped. Flowers bisexual, with 2 bracteoles; perianth segments persistent, 5, covering utricle at maturity, often developing transverse, dorsal, membranous or ± coriaceous wing (sometimes only 2-3 segments winged, sometimes wingless or nearly so) ; stamens 5; styles and stigmas 2 (or 3). Fruits utricles, covered by perianth segments at maturity; pericarp adherent. Seeds usually horizontal, orbicular; seed coat black or brown; perisperm absent. x = 9.[9] [more]
Seidlitzia
Sevada
Sympegma
Subshrubs. Stem much branched, glabrous; bark fissured, corky. Leaves alternate, loosely arranged, linear, terete, fleshy. Flowers usually 1-3-clustered, borne on apex of dwarf, single-internode branches, bisexual; bractlets in 1(or 2) pairs below flower cluster, resembling leaves. Perianth laterally compressed; segments 5, 2 outer and 3 inner, oblong, adaxially concave, hardened in fruit, with an abaxial, transverse wing borne below apex. Stamens 5; filaments narrowly linear, flattened, bases expanded and connate; anthers oblong-cordate, apex without an appendage. Ovary cylindric, somewhat compressed; style short; stigmas 2, recurved, subulate. Utricle enclosed in perianth, globose, slightly compressed laterally; pericarp membranous, free from seed. Seed vertical; testa membranous; embryo planospiral; perisperm absent.[10] [more]
Traganopsis
Traganum
More info about the Genus Traganum may be found here.
Bibliography
- Beatley, J. C. 1973c. Russian-thistle (Salsola) species in western United States. J. Range Managem. 26: 225-226.
- Botschantzev, V. P. 1969. Rod Salsola L., kratkaya istoriya ego razvitiya i rasseleniya. (The genus Salsola L.; a concise history of its development and dispersal.) Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 54: 989-1001.
- Botschantzev, V. P. 1974. A synopsis of Salsola (Chenopodiaceae) from South and South-West Africa. Kew Bull. 29: 597-614.
- Mosyakin, S. L. 1996. A taxonomic synopsis of the genus Salsola (Chenopodiaceae) in North America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83: 387-395.
- Rilke, S. 1999. Revision der Sektion Salsola s.l. der Gattung Salsola (Chenopodiaceae). Bibliotheca Botanica (Stuttgart) 149: 1-190.
Footnotes
- "Arthrophytum". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 396. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Cornulaca". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 394. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Girgensohnia". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 399. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Halothamnus". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 401. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Haloxylon". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 395. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Horaninovia". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 395. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants "Iljinia". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 401. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Nanophyton". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 411. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Sergei L. Mosyakin "Salsola". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 260, 261, 340, 351,. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants "Sympegma". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 400. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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