Overview
Sapindales () is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem.
The APG II system of 2003 includes it in the clade eurosids II (in rosids, in eudicots) including the following 9 families:[1][2]
- Anacardiaceae
- Biebersteiniaceae
- Burseraceae
- Kirkiaceae
- Meliaceae
- Nitrariaceae (+ Peganaceae and Tetradiclidaceae)
- Rutaceae
- Sapindaceae
- Simaroubaceae
(with "+ ..." = optional segregate of the preceding family)
The Cronquist system of 1981 used a somewhat different circumscription, including the following families:
- Staphyleaceae
- Melianthaceae
- Bretschneideraceae
- Akaniaceae
- Sapindaceae
- Hippocastanaceae
- Aceraceae
- Burseraceae
- Anacardiaceae
- Julianiaceae
- Simaroubaceae
- Cneoraceae
- Meliaceae
- Rutaceae
- Zygophyllaceae
The difference from the APG II system is not as large as may appear, as the plants in the families Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae stay in this order at APG II (both included in family Sapindaceae). The species now comprising the family Nitrariaceae in APG II also belonged to this order in the Cronquist system as part of the family Zygophyllaceae, while those now in the family Kirkiaceae were present as part of the family Simaroubaceae.
erent circumscription, including the following families:- Staphyleaceae
- Melianthaceae
- Bretschneideraceae
- Akaniaceae
- Sapindaceae
- Hippocastanaceae
- Aceraceae
- Burseraceae
- Anacardiaceae
- Julianiaceae
- Simaroubaceae
- Cneoraceae
- Meliaceae
- Rutaceae
- Zygophyllaceae
The difference from the APG II system is not as large as may appear, as the plants in the families Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae stay in this order at APG II (both included in family Sapindaceae). The species now comprising the family Nitrariaceae in APG II also belonged to this order in the Cronquist system as part of the family Zygophyllaceae, while those now in the family Kirkiaceae were present as part of the family Simaroubaceae.
References
- ^ Muellner, A. N.; D. D. Vassiliades, and S. S. Renner (2007). "Placing Biebersteiniaceae, a herbaceous clade of Sapindales, in a temporal and geographic context". Plant Systematics and Evolution 266: 233?252. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0546-x.
- ^ Stevens, P.F. ((2001 onwards)). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since."]. Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/.
Taxonomy
The Order Rutales is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Suborder (1): Rutineae
- Family (3): Cneoraceae · Ptaeroxylaceae · Tepuianthaceae
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 36 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Order Rutales.
Families
Cneoraceae
Ptaeroxylaceae
Tepuianthaceae
At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Family Tepuianthaceae.
More info about the Family Tepuianthaceae may be found here.
References
- ^ Muellner, A. N.; D. D. Vassiliades, and S. S. Renner (2007). "Placing Biebersteiniaceae, a herbaceous clade of Sapindales, in a temporal and geographic context". Plant Systematics and Evolution 266: 233?252. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0546-x.
- ^ Stevens, P.F. ((2001 onwards)). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since."]. Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/.
Sources
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.