font settings

Font Size: Large | Normal | Small
Font Face: Verdana | Geneva | Georgia

Rosales

(Order)

Overview

[ Back to top ]

Rosales is an order of flowering plants.2] It is one of the four orders in the nitrogen-fixing clade of the fabids and is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales.[3] It contains about 7700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprises nine families, the type family being the rose family, Rosaceae. The largest of these families are Rosaceae (90/2500) and Urticaceae (54/2600). Rosales is divided into three clades that have never been assigned a taxonomic rank. The basal clade consists of the family Rosaceae; another clade consists of four families, including Rhamnaceae; and the third clade consists of the four urticalean families.[4]

The order Rosales is strongly supported as monophyletic in phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences, such as those carried out by members of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.[5] In their APG III system of plant classification, they defined Rosales as consisting of the nine families listed in the taxobox on the right. The relationships of these families were uncertain until 2011, when they were resolved in a molecular phylogenetic study based on two nuclear genes and ten chloroplast genes.[6]

Well-known members of Rosales include: roses, strawberries, blackberries and raspberries, apples and pears, plums, peaches and apricots, almonds, rowan and hawthorn, jujube, elms, banyans, figs, mulberries, breadfruit, nettles, hops and cannabis.

Cronquist system

[ Back to top ]

In the obsolete Cronquist system, the order Rosales was many times polyphyletic. It consisted of the family Rosaceae and 23 other families that are now placed in various other orders.[7] These families and their placement in the APG III system are shown below:

Phylogeny

[ Back to top ]

The following phylogenetic tree is from a cladistic analysis of DNA that was published in 2011.[6]

)
  • Greyiaceae (Melianthaceae, Geraniales)
  • Grossulariaceae (Saxifragales)
  • Hydrangeaceae (Cornales)
  • Neuradaceae (Malvales)
  • Pittosporaceae (Apiales)
  • Rhabdodendraceae (Caryophyllales)
  • Rosaceae
  • Saxifragaceae (Saxifragales)
  • Surianaceae (Fabales)

    • Phylogeny

    [ Back to top ]

    The following phylogenetic tree is from a cladistic analysis of DNA that was published in 2011.[6]

    References

    [ Back to top ]
    1. ^ UniProt. "Order Rosales". http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3744. Retrieved 2008-04-24. 
    2. ^ Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below)
    3. ^ Hengchang Wang, Michael J. Moore, Pamela S. Soltis, Charles D. Bell, Samuel F. Brockington, Roolse Alexandre, Charles C. Davis, Maribeth Latvis, Steven R. Manchester, and Douglas E. Soltis (10Mar2009), "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (10): 3853?3858, doi:10.1073/pnas.0813376106, PMC 2644257, PMID 19223592, http://www.pnas.org/content/106/10/3853.abstract?etoc 
    4. ^ Douglas E. Soltis, et alii. (28 authors). 2011. "Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa". American Journal of Botany 98(4):704-730. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000404
    5. ^ Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA, USA. ISBN 978-0-87893-407-2
    6. ^ a b Shu-dong Zhang, Douglas E. Soltis, Yang Yang, De-zhu Li, and Ting-shuang Yi. "Multi-gene analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60(1):21-28. doi:
    7. ^ Arthur John Cronquist. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-231-03880-5

    External links

    [ Back to top ]

    Taxonomy

    [ Back to top ]

    The Order Rosales is further organized into finer groupings including:

    Families

    [ Back to top ]

    Barbeyaceae

    Barbeya oleoides is the only species of its family (Barbeyaceae). It is a small tree native to the mountains of Somalia, Ethiopia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be found locally abundant in the transition zone between the dry, evergreen, Afromontane forests and lower-elevation evergreen bushlands. [more]

    Cannabaceae

    [more]

    Dirachmaceae

    Dirachma is the sole genus of the family Dirachmaceae. The genus has been monotypic until a second species was recently discovered in Somalia (>). [more]

    Elaeagnaceae

    Elaeagnaceae, the oleaster family, is a plant family of the order Rosales comprising small trees and shrubs, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical Asia and Australia. The family has 45-50 species in three genera. [more]

    Moraceae

    Moraceae ? often called the mulberry family or fig family ? are a family of flowering plants comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates. The only synapomorphy within Moraceae is presence of laticifers and milky sap in all parenchymatous tissues, but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruits. Included are well-known plants such as the fig, banyan, breadfruit, mulberry, and Osage-orange. The 'flowers' of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences). [more]

    Rhamnaceae

    Rhamnaceae, the Buckthorn family, is a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs and some vines. [more]

    Rosaceae

    Rosaceae (the rose family) are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 species in 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera are Alchemilla (270), Sorbus (260), Crataegus (260), Cotoneaster (260), and Rubus (250). The largest genus by far is Prunus (plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and almonds) with about 430 species. However, all of these numbers should be seen as underestimates - much taxonomic work is left to be done here. [more]

    Ulmaceae

    Ulmaceae is a family of flowering plant that includes the elms (genus Ulmus), and the zelkovas (genus Zelkova). Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the north temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution elsewhere except for Australasia. [more]

    Urticaceae

    Urticaceae, or the nettle family, is a family of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica (nettles). Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including the aforementioned nettles, ramie (Boehmeria nivea), mamaki (Pipturus albidus), and ajlai (). [more]

    At least 5,473 species and subspecies belong to the Family Urticaceae.

    More info about the Family Urticaceae may be found here.

    References

    [ Back to top ]
    1. ^ UniProt. "Order Rosales". http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3744. Retrieved 2008-04-24. 
    2. ^ Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below)
    3. ^ Hengchang Wang, Michael J. Moore, Pamela S. Soltis, Charles D. Bell, Samuel F. Brockington, Roolse Alexandre, Charles C. Davis, Maribeth Latvis, Steven R. Manchester, and Douglas E. Soltis (10Mar2009), "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of ang iosperm-dominated forests", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (10): 3853?3858, doi:10.1073/pnas.0813376106, PMC 2644257, PMID 19223592, http://www.pnas.org/content/106/10/3853.abstract?etoc 
    4. ^ Douglas E. Soltis, et alii. (28 authors). 2011. "Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa". American Journal of Botany 98(4):704-730. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000404
    5. ^ Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA, USA. ISBN 978-0-87893-407-2
    6. ^ a b Shu-dong Zhang, Douglas E. Soltis, Yang Yang, De-zhu Li, and Ting-shuang Yi. "Multi-gene analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60(1):21-28. doi:
    7. ^ Arthur John Cronquist. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-231-03880-5

    Sources

    [ Back to top ]
    Last Revised: August 24, 2012
    2012/08/24 13:14:38