font settings

Font Size: Large | Normal | Small
Font Face: Verdana | Geneva | Georgia

Rosaceae

(Family)

Overview

[ Back to top ]

Trees, shrubs, or herbs, deciduous or evergreen. Stems erect, scandent, arching, prostrate, or creeping, armed or unarmed. Buds usually with seve ral exposed scales, sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound; stipules paired, free or adnate to petiole, rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandul ar apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin, rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate, corymbose, racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate. Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed. Stamens usually numerous, rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate; anthers small, didymous, rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle ; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous, superposed. Styles as many as carpels, terminal, lateral, or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged, usually exalbuminous, very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fle shy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan, mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions. The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry. Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals.

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Photos

[ Back to top ]

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

The Family Rosaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

[ Back to top ]

Acaena

Acaena is a genus of about one hundred species of herbs and subshrubs in the Rosaceae, native mainly to the Southern Hemisphere, notably New Zealand, Australia and South America, but with a few species extending into the Northern Hemisphere, north to Hawaii (A. exigua) and California (A. pinnatifida). [more]

Achimenes

Achimenes is a of about 25 species of tropical and subtropical rhizomatous perennial herbs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. They have a multitude of common names such as Magic Flowers, Widow's Tears, Cupid's Bower, or Hot Water Plant. The plant's name comes from the Greek word meaning "suffer from cold." [more]

Acomastylis

Herbs perennial, low, tufted, with stout rootstock. Radical leaves pinnate; leaflets numerous, margin cleft or toothed; cauline leaves few, reduced. Flowers terminal, solitary or very few in cymes. Hypanthium ± turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate; epicalyx segments smaller, alternate with sepals. Petals 5, yellow. Stamens numerous, inserted at mouth of hypanthium. Carpels numerous, densely hirsute or only sparsely so near apex, apically tapered into persistent, glabrous style; ovule basal; style not elongating in fruit. x = 7.[2] [more]

Actiniopteris

[more]

Adamsia

[more]

Adenilema

[more]

Adenorachis

[more]

Adenostoma

Adenostoma is a genus of shrubs containing only two species: (Commonly known as Chamise), and Adenostoma sparsifolium (Red shank). Both are native to coastal California and Baja California, while A. fasciculatum is also native to California's Sierra Nevada mountains. [more]

Aflatunia

[more]

Agrimonia

Herbs perennial, tall, with creeping rhizome. Leaves stipulate, imparipinnate. Flowers usually in terminal, spikelike racemes, bisexual, rather small. Hypanthium turbinate, sulcate, with hooked prickles or 5 teeth below limb abaxially, constricted at throat. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, larger than sepals. Disk lining hypanthium, margin thickened, annular, glandular. Stamens 5-15 or more, inserted at mouth of hypanthium, 1-seriate. Carpels usually 2, included in hypanthium, sessile; ovule pendulous; style terminal, exserted, filiform; stigma dilated. Achenes 1 or 2, included in closed hypanthium, distally with hooked prickles. Seed pendulous; testa membranous. x = 7.[3] [more]

Agrimonioides

[more]

Aichryson

Aichryson is a of about 15 species of succulent, subtropical plants, mostly native to the Canary Islands, with a few in the Azores, Madeira and Morocco, and one in Portugal. [more]

Alaenopsis

[more]

Alcemilla

[more]

Alchemilla

Herbs perennial (rarely annual), with woody rhizome. Stems decumbent to erect. Leaves stipulate, long petiolate; stipules adnate to sheathing petiole; leaf blade simple, ± orbicular, margin lobed, digitate, or palmately parted. Inflorescences usually dense corymbs, rarely lax cymes or a solitary flower, ebracteate. Flowers very small, bisexual. Hypanthium urceolate, persistent, with constricted throat. Sepals 4(or 5), valvate; epicalyx segments 4(or 5), alternating with sepals. Petals absent. Disk lining hypanthium, margin thickened. Stamens (1-) 4; filaments free, short. Carpel 1(-4), sessile or substipitate, free; ovule ascending from base of locule; style basal or adaxial, filiform, glabrous; stigma capitellate. Achene 1(-4), enclosed in membranous hypanthium. Seed basal; testa membranous; cotyledons cylindric-obovoid. x = 8.[4] [more]

Alonsoa

Alonsoa (Mask flower) is a of 12 species of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family. The genus includes both herbaceous and shrubby species. [more]

Alpingera

[more]

Alyogyne

Alyogyne is a of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae which are endemic to Australia. Its species were formerly in the genus Hibiscus but were split off starting in 1863 with H. hakaeifolius. In 1915 Lewton transferred H. cuneiformis and in Fryxell (1968) H. pinonianus and H. huegelii followed. A recent revision has created many new species. [more]

Alyssoides

[more]

Amelanchier

Shrubs or trees, deciduous; buds conspicuous, narrowly conical, with several scales. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate, venation camptodromous, margin entire or serrate. Racemes terminal; bracts caducous. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5, margin entire. Petals 5, white, oblong or lanceolate, slender. Stamens 10-20. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule, separated by a false partition from back of locule; styles 2-5, partly connate or free. Fruit a small berrylike pome, bluish black to dark purple, usually juicy and sweet, incompletely 4-10-loculed, with one seed in each locule, crowned by persistent, usually recurved sepals.[5] [more]

Amelanchites

[more]

Amelasorbus

[more]

Ametron

[more]

Amonia

Ammonia is a of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. In 2006, worldwide production was estimated at 146.5 million tons. It is used in commercial cleaning products. [more]

Amygdalopersica

[more]

Amygdalopsis

[more]

Amygdalus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed or spiny. Axillary winter buds (2 or) 3, lateral ones flower buds, central one a leaf bud; terminal winter buds present. Stipules present. Leaves simple, alternate, sometimes fascicled on short branchlets, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 nectaries or sometimes nectaries at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin often serrate. Inflorescences borne on axillary short branches, 1(or 2) -flowered. Flowers bisexual, regular, opening before or rarely with leaves. Pedicel nearly absent or short, rarely long. Hypanthium caducous in fruit. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, pink or white, inserted on rim of hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 15 to many, inserted with petals; filaments filiform, free. Ovary superior, hairy, 1-loculed; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, hairy, glabrous in some cultivated Amygdalus persica, with a conspicuous longitudinal groove; mesocarp fleshy and not splitting or dry and splitting when ripe; endocarp hard, 2-valved, globose or ellipsoid, usually compressed, surface furrowed, pitted, rugose, or smooth.[6] [more]

Ancistrum

[more]

Anemonella

Thalictrum thalictroides, the rue anemone, is a plant in the buttercup family, . [more]

Anthomeles

[more]

Apanes

Aphanes

Aphanes (Parsley-piert) is a genus in the rose family, , native to Europe, Asia and Australia. A study from 2003 (see Rosoideae) indicates that Aphanes may belong to the genus Alchemilla, commonly called Lady's-mantle. They are slender, annual prostrate herbs, much-branched with deeply lobed leaves, pilose (covered with soft hair) and on short petioles. The tiny green to yellow flowers without petals grow in clusters in the denticulate leaflike stipules. Field Parsley-piert is sometimes used as a herbal remedy against kidney and bladder calculi. It acts as a potent diuretic and antilithic. [more]

Aremonia

[more]

Argentina

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Aria

An aria ( for air; plural: arie or arias in common usage) in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term is now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with orchestral accompaniment. Perhaps the most common context for arias is opera, although there are many arias that form movements of oratorios and cantatas. Composers also wrote 'concert arias', which are not part of any larger work, such as "Ah Perfido" by Beethoven, and a number of concert arias by Mozart. [more]

Ariosorbus

[more]

Armeniaca

Trees, rarely shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed, rarely spiny. Axillary wintern bud solitary; terminal winter bud absent. Stipules present. Leaves simple, alternate, convolute when young; petioles usually with 2 nectaries; leaf blade margin singly or doubly serrate. Inflorescences apparently axillary, 1-3-flowered. Flowers bisexual, regular, solitary or to 3 in a fascicle, opening before leaves or rarely with leaves. Pedicel nearly absent to very short, rarely longer. Hypanthium caducous in fruit. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, inserted on mouth of hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 15-45, perigynous; filaments free, filiform. Carpel 1(or 2) ; ovary superior, hairy, 1-loculed; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, ± laterally compressed, hairy, rarely glabrous, with a conspicuous longitudinal groove; mesocarp succulent or fleshy, not splitting when ripe, rarely dry and splitting when ripe; endocarp hard, 2-valved, compressed on both sides, surface smooth, scabrous, or reticulate, rarely pitted, separating from or adnate to mesocarp. Seeds bitter or sweet.[7] [more]

Armenoprunus

[more]

Aronia

The chokeberries (Aronia) are two species of shrubs in the family Rosaceae, native to eastern North America. They are most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.[citation needed] The leaves are alternate, simple, and oblanceolate with crenate margins and pinnate venation; in autumn the leaves turn a bold red color. Dark trichomes are present on the upper midrib surface. The flowers are small, with 5 petals and 5 sepals, and produced in corymbs of 10-25 together. Hypanthium is urn-shaped. The fruit is a small pome, with a very astringent, bitter flavor; it is eaten by birds (birds do not taste astringency and feed on them readily), which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. The name "chokeberry" comes from the astringency of the fruits which are inedible when raw. [more]

Aruncus

Herbs perennial, sometimes woody at base, monoecious. Rhizome robust. Stems erect, angled. Leaves exstipulate, 1 3-pinnate, rarely 3-foliolate; leaflets sharply doubly serrate. Inflorescence a large, spikelike, many-flowered panicle; peduncle and pedicels pubescent and sparsely stellate hairy; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Flowers sessile or subsessile, unisexual, rarely bisexual. Hypanthium cupular, with ringlike disc on rim. Sepals (4 or) 5(or 6), persistent in fruit, triangular, abaxially glabrous or nearly so, margin entire, apex acute. Petals 5, white, obovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Male flowers: stamens 15 30, borne on rim of hypanthium; filaments slender, longer than petals; carpels obsolescent. Female flowers: filaments short; anthers sterile; carpels 3 or 4( 8) . Follicles glabrous, pendulous in fruit, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds 2.[8] [more]

Asteromoea

[more]

Atomostigma

[more]

Aucuparia

[more]

Azarolus

[more]

Azorina

Azorina is a plant within the family Campanulaceae. The sole species, Azorina vidalli, which is native to the Azores, was formerly known as Campanula vidalii. [more]

Bashania

[more]

Basilima

[more]

Batidaea

[more]

Bencomia

[more]

Bernoullia

[more]

Bertolonia

[more]

Bollwilleria

[more]

Brayera

Hagenia abyssinica is a species of native to the high-elevation Afromontane regions of central and eastern Africa. It also has a disjunct distribution in the high mountains of East Africa from Sudan and Ethiopia in the north, through Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania, to Malawi and Zambia in the south. [more]

Bucida

Bucida is a genus of in the Indian almond family, Combretaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Carpodontos

[more]

Caryophyllata

[more]

Cattleyopsis

Broughtonia is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae) of the Greater Antilles. The genus is abbreviated Bro in trade journals. [more]

Celmisia

Celmisia is a of perennial herbs or subshrubs, in the family Asteraceae. There are around 70 species; most are endemic to New Zealand, butween four and 10 are endemic to Australia. The genus was first formally described by botanist Alexandre de Cassini in 1813. [more]

Cerapadus

[more]

Ceraseidos

[more]

Cerasolouiseania

[more]

Cerasus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed. Axillary winter buds 1 or 3, lateral buds flower buds, central bud a leaf bud; terminal winter buds present. Stipules soon caducous, margin serrulate, teeth often gland-tipped. Leaves simple, alternate or fascicled on short branchlets, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 apical nectaries or nectaries sometimes at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin singly or doubly serrate, rarely serrulate. Inflorescences axillary, fasciculate-corymbose or 1-or 2-flowered, base often with an involucre formed by floral bud scales. Flowers opening before or at same time as leaves, pedicellate, with persistent scales or conspicuous bracts. Hypanthium campanulate or tubular. Sepals 5, reflexed or erect. Petals 5, white or pink. Stamens 15-50, inserted on or near rim of hypanthium. Carpel 1. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, hairy or glabrous; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated, hairy or glabrous; stigma emarginate. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, not glaucous, without a longitudinal groove. Mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp globose to ovoid, smooth or ± rugose.[9] [more]

Cercocarpus

Cercocarpus, commonly known as the Mountain-mahogany, is a small genus of five or six species of shrubs or small trees in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to the western United States and northern Mexico, where they grow in semi-desert climates, often at high altitudes. They typically reach 3 to 6 meters tall, but exceptionally up to 13 meters in height. [more]

Chabertia

[more]

Chaemomeles

[more]

Chaenomeles

Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous or evergreen, sometimes with thorny branches; buds small, with 2 exposed scales. Leaves simple, alternate, shortly petiolate, stipulate, herbaceous, venation camptodromous, margin serrate or crenate. Flowers solitary or fascicled, precocious or coetaneous. Sepals 5, caducous, margin entire or serrate. Petals 5. Stamens 20 or more, 2-whorled. Ovary 5-loculed, with many ovules per locule, 2-seriate; styles 2-5, connate at base. Fruit a pome, large, many seeded, often with persistent incurved styles; seed brown, seed coat leathery, albumen absent.[10] [more]

Chamaebatia

The plant genus Chamaebatia includes two species of aromatic evergreen shrubs known as mountain misery. They are actinorhizal, meaning they are nitrogen fixers. [more]

Chamaebatiaria

[more]

Chamaecyparissus

[more]

Chamaecytisus

Brooms are a group of , semi-evergreen, and deciduous shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the legume family Fabaceae, mainly in the three genera Chamaecytisus, Cytisus and Genista, but also in five other small genera (see box, right). All genera in this group are from the tribe Genisteae (syn. Cytiseae). These genera are all closely related and share similar characteristics of dense, slender green stems and very small leaves, which are adaptations to dry growing conditions. Most of the species have yellow flowers, but a few have white, orange, red, pink or purple flowers. [more]

Chamaemeles

[more]

Chamaemespilus

Sorbus chamaemespilus (False Medlar or Dwarf Whitebeam) is a species of native to the mountains of central and southern Europe, from the Pyrenees east through the Alps to the Carpathians and the Balkans, growing at altitudes of up to 2500 m. [more]

Chamaephyton

[more]

Chamaerhodos

Herbs or subshrubs, glandular pilose or pubescent. Flowering stems erect, slender. Leaves alternate; stipules membranous at base, adnate to petiole; leaf blade 1-3 times 3-parted into narrow segments. Inflorescence cymose, corymbose, or paniculate, rarely a solitary flower. Flowers small. Hypanthium obconic, tubular, or campanulate. Sepals 5, erect, valvate, persistent. Petals 5, white or purple. Disk lining mouth of hypanthium, setose with long, rigid hairs, margin thickened. Stamens 5, opposite petals. Carpels 4-10 or more; ovule ascending from base of locule; style basal, articulate at base, deciduous; stigma capitellate. Achenes few or many, ovoid, glabrous, enclosed by hypanthium. Seed erect.[11] [more]

Chavinia

[more]

Chimonanthus

Chimonanthus (wintersweet) is a genus of in the family Calycanthaceae, endemic to China. The genus includes three to six species depending on taxonomic interpretation; three are accepted by the Draft Flora of China. The name means winter flower in Greek. [more]

Chimonobambusa

Shrubby bamboos, rarely subarborescent. Rhizomes leptomorph, with running underground stems. Culms usually diffuse, sometimes tillering (pluricaespitose), erect; internodes terete or 4-angled, often basally grooved above branches; nodes prominent to very prominent, basal nodes often with a ring of sparse or dense root thorns; sheath scars usually with a ring of pubescence or persistent base of culm sheath. Branches 3(-7 on upper culm), subequal, buds ovate-triangular, open at front, prophyll reduced. Culm sheaths deciduous and leathery, or sometimes persistent and papery; auricles minute or absent; blade reduced, to 1 cm, narrow. Leaves (1 or) 2-5 per ultimate branch; blade lanceolate, base cuneate. Inflorescence fully bracteate, weakly iterauctant, 1-3 single pseudospikelet racemes loosely fasciculate, subtended by gradually enlarged bracts. Spikelets several to many flowered, sessile. Rachilla disarticulating. Glumes usually 1-3, frequently one subtending a bud; lemma papery or membranous; palea membranous, 2-keeled, obtuse; lodicules 3, membranous. Stamens 3; filaments free. Ovary ellipsoid; style 1, short; stigmas 2 or 3, plumose. Fruit a nutlike caryopsis with a hardened pericarp. New shoots Apr-Nov.[12] [more]

Chionohebe

[more]

Choenomeles

[more]

Christieara

[more]

Chuquiraga

Chuquiraga is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Cladanthus

Annuals [perennials, subshrubs], 10-60+ cm (usually aromatic). Stems usually 1, usually erect [prostrate], branched [immediately proximal to sessile, terminal heads], puberulent or villous to arachnose (hairs basifixed), glabrescent. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate; petiolate (proximal) or sessile (distal) ; blades obovate or spatulate to oblong or linear, 1-2(-3) -pinnately lobed (ultimate lobes ± linear to filiform), ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces villous to arachnose, glabrescent. Heads radiate, borne singly or in lax, corymbiform arrays. Involucres hemispheric or broader, 5-8[-12+] mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 16-24+ in 2-3+ series, lance-linear or lanceolate to oblong or obovate, subequal, margins and apices (hyaline) scarious (apices ± dilated, rounded, abaxial faces ± villous or arachnose, glabrescent). Receptacles hemispheric to narrowly columnar or conic, paleate; paleae ± folded (carinate, each with central, red-brown resin duct). Ray florets 12-18+, neuter or styliferous and sterile; corollas orange, yellow, or white with yellow bases, laminae ± oblong (spreading to reflexed, ± marcescent). Disc florets 40-150[-200+], bisexual, fertile; corollas orange or yellow, tubes ± cylindric (bases saccate, each obliquely spurred, adaxially clasping distal 0.5+ of cypsela), throats campanulate to funnelform, lobes 5, deltate (apices minutely crested or dilated). Cypselae ± obovoid (apices oblique), weakly flattened (stylopodia sublateral), ribs or nerves (weak) : 2 lateral, 1 adaxial, faces finely striate, glabrous [hairy] (pericarps with myxogenic cells in longitudinal rows, without resin sacs) ; pappi 0. x = 9.[13] [more]

Cliffortia

[more]

Coleogyne

[more]

Coluria

Herbs perennial, low, rhizomatous, softly tomentose. Leaves mostly radical; leaf blade interrupted pinnatisect; lobes obovate, margin crenate; cauline leaves sessile among connate stipules and entire or 3-fid. Inflorescence erect, few-flowered, bracteate. Hypanthium obconic, eventually elongated, 10-ribbed. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments minute. Petals 5, yellow or white, larger than sepals. Stamens numerous, in 2 or 3 series; filaments free, persistent in fruit. Disk lining hypanthium, glabrous. Carpels numerous, inserted on short receptacle; ovule ascending from base of locule; style subterminal, erect, deciduous. Achenes numerous on columnar receptacle, included in hypanthium, compressed, rugose.[14] [more]

Comarella

[more]

Comaropsis

[more]

Comarum

Herbs perennial or subshrubs. Flowering stems erect or ascending. Leaves alternate; leaf blade imparipinnate. Flowers bisexual, in cymes. Hypanthium almost flat or slightly saucer-shaped, enlarging in fruit. Sepals 5, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, persistent. Petals 5, red, dark purple, or white. Stamens 15-25; filaments filiform, persistent; anthers compressed globose, dehiscing by marginal slits, base cordate. Fruiting receptacle enlarged, ellipsoid or hemispheric, spongy. Carpels numerous; style lateral, filiform. Achenes glabrous or hairy. x = 7.[15] [more]

Commarum

Cormus

[more]

Cotoneaster

Shrubs, rarely small trees, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen. Branchlets mostly terete, rarely slightly angulate, unarmed. Winter buds small; scales several, imbricate, exposed. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly petiolate; stipules caducous, usually subulate, small; margin of leaf blade entire, venation camptodromous. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose or corymbose, sometimes flowers several fascicled or solitary. Hypanthium turbinate or campanulate, rarely cylindric, adnate to ovary. Sepals 5, persistent, short. Petals 5, erect or spreading, imbricate in bud, white, pink, or red. Stamens 10-20(-22), inserted in mouth of hypanthium. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed; carpels 2-5, connate abaxially, free adaxially; ovules 2 per carpel, erect; styles 2-5, free; stigmas dilated. Fruit a drupe-like pome, red, brownish red, or orange to black, with persistent, incurved, fleshy sepals, containing pyrenes; pyrenes (1 or) 2-5, bony, 1-seeded; seeds compressed; cotyledons plano-convex.[16] [more]

Cowania

Cowania' may refer to: [more]

Crataegomespilus

[more]

Crataegosorbus

[more]

Crataegus

Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous, rarely evergreen, armed, rarely unarmed; buds ovoid or subglobose. Leaves simple, stipulate, venation craspedodromous, margin serrate and lobed or partite, rarely entire. Inflorescences corymbose, sometimes flowers solitary. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, rarely pinkish. Stamens 5-25; carpels 1-5, connate, but free apically. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, with 2 ovules per locule, but one rudimentary. Fruit a pome, with persistent sepals at apex; carpels bony when mature, each locule with 1 seed; seed erect, cotyledons plano-convex.[17] [more]

Crataemespilus

[more]

Cremanthodium

[more]

Crepinia

[more]

Cusso

Hagenia abyssinica is a species of native to the high-elevation Afromontane regions of central and eastern Africa. It also has a disjunct distribution in the high mountains of East Africa from Sudan and Ethiopia in the north, through Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania, to Malawi and Zambia in the south. [more]

Cycnia

[more]

Cydonia

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous. Branches unarmed; buds small, pubescent, with few scales. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate, venation camptodromous, margin entire. Flowers solitary at apices of leafy branchlets. Sepals 5, margin entire, reflexed. Petals 5, white or pinkish, obovate. Stamens 20. Ovary inferior, 5-loculed, with numerous ovules per locule; styles 5, free, pubescent basally. Fruit a many seeded pome, with persistent, recurved sepals.[18] [more]

Cylactis

[more]

Cyrtanthus

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Dactylophyllum

[more]

Dalibarda

[more]

Damnamenia

[more]

Dasiphora

Dasiphora is a of three species of shrubs in the rose family Rosaceae, native to Asia, with one species D. fruticosa (Shrubby Cinquefoil), with a circumpolar range across the entire cool temperate Northern Hemisphere. In the past, the genus was normally included in Potentilla as Potentilla sect. Rhopalostylae, but genetic evidence has shown it to be distinct. [more]

Davallia

Davallia (deersfoot fern, hare's foot fern) is a genus of about 40 species of in the family Davalliaceae. They are epiphytic ferns, with fronds arising from long aerial rhizomes which grow on and over thick bark on trees or on rock crevices. [more]

Dendriopoterium

[more]

Dichotomanthes

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, simple, venation camptodromous, margin entire, rarely serrate; stipules caducous, small; petiole short. Inflorescences terminal, compound-corymbose, many flowered; bracts usually caducous. Hypanthium campanulate. Calyx fleshy and enlarged in fruit, with 2 bracteoles basally; sepals 5, white, suborbicular or obovate. Stamens (15-) 20; filaments alternately shorter; anthers didymous. Carpel 1, inserted at base of hypanthium; ovary superior, 1-loculed; style subterminal to lateral; stigma discoid, margin irregular; ovules 2, collateral, erect. Fruit dry, usually exserted from fleshy hypanthium, sepals persistent and erect; carpel leathery, 1-seeded; seeds compressed; cotyledons plano-convex.[19] [more]

Digaster

[more]

Dionysia

Caespitose, cushion or dense tufted semishrubs, scapose or escapose. Branches covered with the persistent remains of the leaves. Leaves imbricate, simple, revolute or involute, entire or denticulate, farinose or efarinose (farina whitish or yellow), often glandular-stipitate. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous, yellow, pink or violet, umbellate or in superposed verticels or solitary. Bracts small, large and foliaceous in the scapose species. Calyx 1/2 to 2/3 rd-partite. Corolla much exceeding the calyx, tubular; limb 5-lobed, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, sub-sessile; filaments attached near the middle (in pin-eyed flowers) or near the throat. Ovules few. Style slender, stigma capitate. Capsule dehiscing by 5 valves. Seeds small, angled, minutely vesiculose, up to 35 in number.[20] [more]

Diplarrhena

Diplarrena is a genus of 1 or 2 species in the family and native to south-eastern Australia. The name is from Greek diploos (double) and arren (male), as Diplarrena has only two functional stamens; all other Iridaceae have three. This name is often mis-spelled "Diplarrhena", an error that began with George Bentham's Flora Australiensis in 1873. [more]

Disa

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Docyniopsis

[more]

Dryadanthe

[more]

Dryas

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[21] [more]

Drymocallis

[more]

Duchesnea

Herbs perennial. Rhizome short. Stolons procumbent, long, filiform, bearing adventitious roots and forming plantlets at nodes. Radical leaves several, stolon leaves alternate, long petiolate; stipules paired, adnate to base to petiole, persistent; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets dentate at margin. Inflorescence axillary, ebracteate, a solitary flower. Sepals 5, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, larger than and alternating with sepals, margin incised. Petals 5, yellow, obovate. Stamens numerous; anthers subglobose. Carpels numerous, free, inserted on convex receptacle; style adaxial or subterminal, deciduous; stigma entire. Aggregate fruit formed from enlarged receptacle, hemispheric or turbinate, fleshy. Achenes seated on surface of aggregate fruit, compressed ovoid, minute. Seed reniform, smooth. x = 7.[22] [more]

Dynamidium

[more]

Emplectocladus

[more]

Ercus

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Eriobotrya

Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Leaves simple; stipulate, usually petiolate, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous, margin serrate or entire. Inflorescences terminal panicles, numerous flowered. Hypanthium cupular or obconical. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, white or yellow, obovate or orbicular, base clawed. Stamens 20. Ovary inferior, 2 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2 5, connate at base and often pubescent. Fruit a pome with persistent incurved sepals, fleshy or dry, endocarp (core) membranous, with 1 or 2 large seeds.[23] [more]

Eriogynia

[more]

Eriolobus

[more]

Erythrocoma

[more]

Exochorda

Shrubs deciduous. Branches spreading; branchlets angled, glabrous; buds ± ovoid, with several imbricate scales, glabrous or subglabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Leaves petiolate; stipules absent or small and caducous; leaf blade simple, margin entire or serrate. Inflorescence a terminal raceme. Flowers rather large, more than 2 cm in diam. Hypanthium shallowly campanulate. Sepals 5, very short and broad. Petals 5, imbricate, white, oblong to broadly obovate, base attenuate into a claw. Stamens 15-30; filaments borne on margin of large disk, short. Carpels 5, connate; ovary superior, deeply furrowed, 5-loculed; styles free. Fruit a capsule, obconic, 5-angled, dehiscent along both sutures. Seeds 1 or 2, oblate, winged.[24] [more]

Fallugia

[more]

Farinopsis

[more]

Farsetia

Farsetia is a genus of in the Brassicaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Figaraea

[more]

Filipendula

Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Rhizome short, oblique, here and there thickened into tubers, clothed with fibers. Stipules large or small, subcordate to ovate-lanceolate; leaf blade pinnate; leaflets pinnately or palmately lobed. Inflorescence corymbose-cymose or paniculate-cymose; central branch shortened and flowering first. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual (when plants dioecious) . Sepals 5, reflexed after flowering. Petals 5, imbricate, white, pink, or red, base clawed. Stamens 20€“40. Carpels 5€“15, inserted on plane or slightly elevated receptacle, free; ovules 1 or 2; style terminal; stigma capitate. Fruit an achene, free, compressed, crowned by base of style. Seed pendulous, terete, with very little endosperm. x = 7, 8.[25] [more]

Floribunda

Cipocereus is a genus of cacti from Brazil. These species were previously included in the genera Pilosocereus and Cereus. [more]

Fraga

[more]

Fragaria

Herbs perennial, mostly stoloniferous, polygamo-dioecious, usually spreading or appressed hairy. Stolons often rooting at nodes and forming plantlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules adnate to base of petiole, often membranous, sheathing; leaf blade 3-foliolate or pinnately 5-foliolate. Inflorescence erect, cymose or corymbiform, few flowered, rarely a solitary flower. Hypanthium obconic or turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with and smaller than sepals, margin entire. Petals 5, white, rarely yellow, broadly obovate or suborbicular. Stamens numerous; anther 2-loculed. Carpels numerous, free, borne on convex receptacle; ovule ascending from middle of locule; style adaxial, short, persistent. Aggregate fruit formed from enlarged receptacle, berry-like, long conic to globose, fleshy. Achenes numerous, seated in pits on surface of aggregate fruit, minute, brittle. Seed testa membranous; cotyledons convex. x = 7.[26] [more]

Fragariastrum

[more]

Frailea

Frailea is a of globular to short cylindrical cacti native to Brazil. These species are cleistogamous. They were first classified in the genus Echinocactus. [more]

Galtonia

Galtonia is genus of plants in the family ; native to South Africa they are named after Sir Francis Galton. G. candicans, also known as Cape Hyacinth, is much propagated as a garden plant. Another species is the pale green flowering G. viridiflora. [more]

Genyorchis

Genyorchis is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Geopatera

[more]

Gerageum

[more]

Geum

Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Stipules adnate to and sheathing petiole; radical leaves pinnate or pseudopinnate; terminal leaflet largest; lateral leaflets often in alternating larger and smaller pairs; cauline leaves few, often 3-foliolate or bractlike. Flowers solitary or in corymbs, bisexual. Hypanthium turbinate or hemispheric. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, small, alternate with sepals. Petals 5, yellow, white, or red, orbicular or obovate. Stamens numerous, crowded. Disk lining hypanthium, smooth or ribbed. Carpels numerous, borne on prominent, usually cylindric receptacle, free; ovule ascending; style filiform, jointed; stigma slightly recurved or hooked, minute. Achenes sessile or stipitate, small, hooked at apex of beak. Seed erect; testa membranous; cotyledons oblong. x = 7.[27] [more]

Geversia

[more]

Gillenia

Gillenia ( Porteranthus) is a genus of two species of perennial herbs in the Rosaceae family. Common names for plants in this genus include: Bowman's root, Indian-physic, American ipecac. This genus is endemic to dry open woods with acidic soils in eastern North America. Both plants are subshrubs with exposed semi-woody branches and serrated leaves; the larger lower leaves are divided into palmately arranged leaflets. Plants bloom in May, June, or July; blooms are composed of five slender white petals which are loosely arranged and typically appear slightly twisted and limp as if they were wilted. The flowers mature into small capsules. These plants are often planted as ornamentals and used medicinally as an herbal remedy. [more]

Globularia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Gongylosciadium

[more]

Guatemala

[more]

Gymnopyrenium

[more]

Hagenia

Hagenia abyssinica is a species of native to the high-elevation Afromontane regions of central and eastern Africa. It also has a disjunct distribution in the high mountains of East Africa from Sudan and Ethiopia in the north, through Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania, to Malawi and Zambia in the south. [more]

Hahnia

Hahnia is a poorly known of meat-eating mammal-like reptiles (Therapsids) that lived during the Upper Triassic in Europe. This genus is based on tiny, isolated teeth, and its affinities with other cynodonts are unclear. The generic name is invalid, thus the inverted commas. The name Hahnia has already been used for a spider. The authors are aware of this, and will doubtless come up with a new name sometime in the future. [more]

Halimiocistus

[more]

Halmia

[more]

Heliophila

Club-pointed Heliophila (Heliophila coronopifolia) is the only member of the Heliophila within the flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family. In addition, some species of this genus are used like a ornamental plants. [more]

Helipterum

Helipterum is a of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Many of the species which were formerly included in this genus have now been transferred to other genera including: [more]

Heptapleurum

Schefflera is a genus in the family Araliaceae. The plants are trees, shrubs or lianas, growing 1-30 m tall, with woody stems and palmately-compound leaves. The circumscription of the genus has varied greatly. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the widely-used broad circumscription as a pantropical genus of over 700 species is polyphyletic, but it remains to be seen how this will affect the classification of the genus. [more]

Hesperhodos

[more]

Hesperomeles

[more]

Heteromeles

Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia, is a common shrub native to California, USA and the extreme northwest of Mexico, from northern California to northern Baja California. It is the sole species of Heteromeles, but is closely related to the Asian genus Photinia, in which it is included by some botanists (it was originally described in that genus). [more]

Heucherella

[more]

Holodiscus

Holodiscus ( Sericotheca) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the Americas, from southwestern British Columbia, Canada and the western United States south to Bolivia. The species are deciduous shrubs growing to 1-5 m tall. [more]

Horkelia

Horkelia is a genus of plants in the . It includes several species of plants known commonly as horkelias. These are flowering plants closely related to the cinquefoils and sometimes considered part of the same genus. There are nineteen species found in western North America, especially California. Horkelia was named for German scientist Johann Horkel. [more]

Horkeliella

[more]

Hulthemia

Hypargyrium

[more]

Ipecacuanha

[more]

Isopyrum

Herbs perennial. Stem erect, smooth, glabrous. Leaves 2 × ternately compound. Basal leaves abaxially pale green, adaxially green. Stem leaves shortly petiolate; petiole sheathed; sheath white, membranous. Inflorescences panicled or cymose; bracts 1 or 2 × ternately compound, 3-lobed, or 3-sect. Flowers radially symmetric, small. Pedicel slender. Sepals 5, white, petaloid. Petals 5, much smaller than sepals, basally tubulose or shallowly scrotiform and shortly clawed. Stamens 20--30; filaments sublinear, 1-veined; anthers yellow, broadly ellipsoid. Pistils 1--5, free, erect, narrowly ovate; ovules numerous, arranged in 2 rows on ventral suture. Follicles 1--5, ellipsoid-ovoid, flat, horizontally veined, apically with a curved beak. Seeds numerous, black to blackish, ovoid to ellipsoid, smooth.[28] [more]

Isotydaea

[more]

Ivesia

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Junellia

[more]

Juzepczukia

[more]

Kageneckia

Kageneckia is a genus of in family Rosaceae. [more]

Kelseyi

[more]

Kerria

Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets virgate, arising from scaly buds, slender. Leaves alternate; stipules linear-subulate, caducous; leaf blade simple, margin doubly serrate. Flowers terminal on lateral branchlets, solitary, large, bisexual. Hypanthium shortly saucer-shaped, flat. Sepals 5, valvate. Petals 5, yellow, base shortly clawed. Stamens numerous, in several series. Carpels 5, free, included in hypanthium; ovules 2, laterally attached to middle of suture, 1 abortive; style apical, erect, filiform, apex truncate. Fruit an achene, laterally compressed, glabrous. x = 9.[29] [more]

Krapfia

[more]

Kunzia

[more]

Lachemilla

Lachemilla is a genus of in family Rosaceae. [more]

Lachenalia

Lachenalia is a of bulbs in the Hyacinthaceae family, which are usually found in Namibia and South Africa. Most of these plants have a dormancy period, and the new roots of these plants will always grow every year. [more]

Lasiocarpus

[more]

Laurocerasus

Trees or shrubs, evergreen or very rarely deciduous. Branches unarmed. Stipules small, free or sometimes connate, soon caducous. Leaves simple, alternate, conduplicate when young, usually with 2 to rarely several nectaries on petiole, at base on leaf blade abaxial surface, or along leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin entire or serrate. Inflorescences axillary, usually racemose, rarely in a fascicle, very rarely paniculate, usually with more than 10 flowers; bracts small, soon caducous, basal ones usually sterile and with a tripartite or tridentate apex; bracteoles often absent. Flowers usually bisexual, sometimes male with ovary ± reduced. Hypanthium cup-shaped to campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, longer than sepals. Stamens 10-50, in 2 whorls, inner ones shorter. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, glabrous or sometimes pubescent; ovules 2, collateral. Style terminal; stigma disc-shaped. Fruit a drupe; mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp bony or woody, surface smooth or rugose.[30] [more]

Laxmannia

[more]

Lazarolus

[more]

Lecostemon

[more]

Lemaireocereus

Pachycereus is a of 9-12 species of large cacti, native to Mexico and just into southern Arizona, USA. They form large shrubs or small trees up to 5-15 m or more tall, with stout stems up to 1 m diameter. [more]

Lemboglossum

[more]

Leptospermum

Leptospermum is a genus of about 80-86 species of plants in the myrtle family . Most species are endemic to Australia, with the greatest diversity in the south of the continent; but one species extends to New Zealand, another to Malaysia, and L. recurvum is endemic to Malaysia. [more]

Leucoraoulia

[more]

Leucosidea

Leucosidea sericea, commonly known as Oldwood, is a species of evergreen tree and large shrub native to the regions of Southern Africa. It is the sole species of genus Leucosidea. [more]

Leutkea

[more]

Ligusticopsis

[more]

Lindelofia

Herbs perennial, erect, pubescent or villous. Basal leaves long petiolate; stem leaves alternate, entire. Cymes ebracteate. Calyx 5-parted to base; lobes lanceolate to linear-oblong, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla funnelform; tube usually longer than calyx; throat appendages elongated, curved, or oblong, rarely reduced, becoming ovate, entire at apex; lobes of limb subvertical or spreading, obtuse. Stamens inserted below throat; anthers elongated, frequently hastate at base, exserted from throat. Style filiform, exserted, thickened and persistent in fruit. Gynobase short conical. Nutlets dorsiventrally compressed, ovate, ca. 6 mm, abaxially discoid with glochids; attachment scar above middle adaxially, ovate, firmly coherent to gynobase.[31] [more]

Lindleya

[more]

Lindleyella

[more]

Llyonothamnus

[more]

Loasa

Loasa is a of ornamental plants in the family Loasaceae. These plants are usually prickly herbs, or subshrubs, and they are native of tropical America. [more]

Louiseania

[more]

Loxanthocereus

Cleistocactus is a of columnar cacti from Peru, Uruguay, Bolivia and Argentina. The name comes from the Greek kleistos meaning closed because the flowers hardly open. [more]

Luetkea

Luetkea is a genus of plants in the Rosaceae family. One species is accepted. Luetkea pectinata (Partridgefoot or Lutkea) is a mat-forming semi-shrub. It is endemic to the cold portions of western North America occurring in subarctic Alaska, Yukon, western Northwest Territories, and subalpine to alpine regions of British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, northern California and western Montana. [more]

Lyonothamnus

[more]

Macromeles

[more]

Macrostigma

[more]

Maddenia

Trees or shrubs, deciduous, polygamous dioecious. Branches unarmed. Winter buds large, oblong to ovoid, with several scales. Stipules large, persistent, margin glandular. Leaves alternate, simple; leaf blade margin with gland-tipped simple, double, or incised teeth. Inflorescences inserted apically on branchlets, racemose, many-flowered; bracts soon caducous. Pedicel short. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals and petals essentially identical. Perianth segments 10-12, to 3 mm. Stamens 20-40, in 2 whorls, irregularly inserted on rim of hypanthium. Bisexual flowers: ovary superior, (1-or) 2-loculed, glabrous; ovules 2 per locule, parallel, pendulous; style terminal, slender, ± as long as stamens; stigma disc-shaped. Female flowers: stamens reduced to staminodes; carpels 2; ovary glabrous; style much shorter than staminodes; stigma capitate. Fruit a 1-or 2-seeded drupe, oblong, ± flat; mesocarp thin, fleshy, not splitting when ripe; endocarp bony, ovoid, 3-angled, apex acute.[32] [more]

Mahoberberis

[more]

Malus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous or semievergreen, usually unarmed; buds ovoid, with several imbricate scales. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate, stipulate, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous and merely toothed, margin serrate or lobed, folded or convolute in bud. Inflorescences corymbose-racemose. Flowers pedicellate. Hypanthium bowl-shaped. Sepals 5, persistent or caducous. Petals 5, white, pink, or red, suborbicular or obovate. Stamens 15-50, with white filaments and yellow anthers. Ovary inferior, 3-5-loculed, with 2 ovules in each cell; styles 3-5, connate at base, glabrous or pubescent. Pome usually not containing stone-cells or present in a few species, 3-5-loculed, 1- or 2-seeded in each cell, with cartilaginous endocarp (core) . Seeds brown or black, cotyledons plano-convex.[33] [more]

Manteia

[more]

Marcetella

[more]

Margyracaena

[more]

Margyricarpus

[more]

Mathiasella

[more]

Meconopsis

Perennial, often prickly, simple or rarely branched, often tall and robust herbs with yellow latex. Leaves entire or lobed, radical stalked, cauline sessile or subsessile. Inflorescence solitary, racemed, pseudo-racemed or panicled. Flowers often large, showy, blue, yellow or purplish-red. Sepals 2(-4), usually caducous, valvate. Petals 4 (often varying from 5-10), free, obovate to broadly ovate. Stamens many, multiseriate; filament filiform; anthers often oblong. Carpels many, fused, superior, with unilocular, ellipsoid to subglobose ovary; ovules many on parietal placentae projecting into the ovary; style distinct, often short; stigma rays 5-6, radiating and forming a globular mass over the ovary. Capsule ovoid, oblong, clavate or cylindrical, 1-celled, dehiscing by short slits at the apex or sometimes splitting almost to the base of the fruit. Seeds many, small, rugose.[34] [more]

Mespilus

Medlar (Mespilus) is a genus of two species of in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae. One, Common Medlar Mespilus germanica, is a long-known native of southwest Asia and possibly also southeastern Europe, and the other, Stern's Medlar Mespilus canescens, was recently (1990) discovered in North America. [more]

Microcerasus

[more]

Micromeles

[more]

Microterangis

[more]

Mitraria

Mitraria is a genus of in the family Gesneriaceae, comprising the sole species M. coccinea (Chilean Mitre Flower). [more]

Mutisia

Mutisia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. [more]

Myosotidium

Myosotidium is a genus of plants belonging to the family . This genus is represented by the single species Myosotidium hortensia, the Chatham Islands forget-me-not, which is endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. [more]

Myrtus

The Myrtle (Myrtus) is a genus of one or two species of in the family Myrtaceae, native to southern Europe and north Africa. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees, growing to 5 m tall. The leaves are entire, 3-5 cm long, with a fragrant essential oil. The star-like flowers have five petals and sepals, and numerous stamens. Petals are usually white. The fruits are globose blue-black berries containing several seeds. The flowers are pollinated by insects, and the seeds dispersed by birds that feed on the berries. [more]

Nagelia

[more]

Nassauvia

Nassauvia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Neanthe

[more]

Neillia

Shrubs, rarely subshrubs, deciduous. Branchlets spreading, slender, terete or angled; buds ovoid, scales imbricate, apex acute. Leaves often 2-ranked; stipules conspicuous, deciduous; leaf blade simple, margin doubly serrate and usually 3-parted or shallowly 3-5(-7) -lobed. Inflorescence a terminal or sometimes axillary raceme or panicle; bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate, small, caducous. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium campanulate, urceolate-campanulate, or cylindric. Sepals 5, erect, persistent in fruit and becoming densely pubescent and stipitate glandular abaxially. Petals white or pink-red, subequaling sepals. Stamens 10-30, irregularly 2-whorled on rim of hypanthium, not exceeding petals. Carpels 1(-5) ; ovary with 2-10 ovules; style erect. Follicles enclosed by persistent hypanthium, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds several, obovoid; testa lustrous; caruncle convex.[35] [more]

Neottianthe

Neottianthe is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Nerine

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Nervilia

[more]

Nestlera

[more]

Nototriche

Nototriche is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Nuttallia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Oemleria

[more]

Oncostylus

[more]

Opa

[more]

Opulaster

[more]

Oreobatus

[more]

Oreocome

[more]

Oreogeum

[more]

Oreomyrrhis

Herbs perennial and caespitose. Stem inconspicuous or very short, branching from base. Leaves all basal; petiole with membranous sheath at base; blade oblong to ovate, 12-pinnate; ultimate segments linear-lanceolate, minute. Umbels simple, 420-flowered; peduncles long, scapelike; bracts 410, leaflike, oblanceolate, entire, pinnatifid or pinnate, often longer than umbels. Flowers small, white, bisexual. Calyx teeth obsolete. Petals oblong, apex acute and incurved. Stylopodium shortly conic or conic. Fruit oblong-ovoid or oblong-linear, gradually tapered to apex, slightly flattened laterally, commissure constricted; ribs 5, obtuse ridged; vittae 1 in each furrow, 2 on commissure. Seed face slightly concave. Carpophore bifid at apex.[36] [more]

Orthurus

[more]

Osmaronia

[more]

Osmitopsis

[more]

Osteomeles

Shrubs deciduous or evergreen; buds small, with several narrow scales. Leaves imparipinnate; stipules linear to lanceolate; rachis narrowly winged; leaflets opposite, sessile or shortly petiolulate, small, margin entire. Corymb terminal, numerous flowered; bracts caducous. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white. Stamens 20. Ovary inferior; 5-loculed, with 1 ovule per locule; styles 5, free. Fruit a small pome, with persistent erect sepals; seeds erect; cotyledons plano-convex.[37] [more]

Ostinia

[more]

Otanthus

[more]

Ourisia

[more]

Oxyacantha

[more]

Ozanonia

[more]

Padellus

[more]

Padus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous, many branched. Branches unarmed. Axillary winter buds ovoid; terminal bud present. Stipules membranous, soon caducous. Leaves simple, alternate, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 nectaries at apex or at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin serrate, rarely entire. Inflorescences terminal on current year€™s branchlet, racemose, many-flowered, base with a soon caducous involucre formed by floral bud scales; peduncle usually with leaves. Hypanthium campanulate to cup-shaped. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white. Stamens 10 or more, inserted on rim of hypanthium. Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated; stigma flat. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, not glaucous, without a longitudinal groove; mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp bony.[38] [more]

Pancovia

[more]

Parageum

[more]

Parahebe

[more]

Pellinia

[more]

Pentaphylloides

[more]

Pentaphyllum

Peraphyllum

This shrub is in the (Rose family). Commonly known as the Squaw Apple or Wild Crab Apple, P. ramosissimum is the only known species of the genus Peraphyllum. The fruits of this shrub are called pomes, which are similar to other fruits such as the apple, pear, and loquat. Peraphyllum is most closely related to Amelanchier, Malacomeles, Crataegus, and Mespilus [more]

Percepier

[more]

Persica

[more]

Petrophyton

Petrophyton is a small genus of plants in the known as the rock spiraeas or rockmats. These are low mat-forming shrubs which send up erect stems bearing spike inflorescences of flowers. The brushy flowers are white and have many stamens and hairy, thready pistils. Rockmats are native to western North America. [more]

Petrophytum

[more]

Phaenopyrum

[more]

Photinia

Trees or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen. Winter buds small; scales imbricate, few. Leaves alternate, simple, papery or leathery, venation camptodromous, margin serrate, rarely entire, shortly petiolate; stipules present, usually subulate. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate or corymbose, rarely shortly paniculate, many flowered, sometimes flowers 2- or 3-clustered or solitary. Hypanthium cupular or campanulate to cylindric, adnate to ovary or free near apex. Sepals 5, persistent, short. Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in bud, base clawed. Stamens usually ca. 20. Carpels 2-5, rarely 1; ovary semi-inferior, (1 or) 2-5-loculed, in fruit free apically or to 1/3 length; styles(1 or) 2-5, free or ± connate, short, dilated apically; stigmas truncate; ovules 2 per locule, erect. Fruit a pome, globose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, somewhat fleshy, (1- or) 2-5-loculed, free from calyx only near apex or to 1/3 length, with persistent, incurved sepals; carpel crustaceous or membranous, each locule 1- or 2-seeded; seeds erect, testa leathery; cotyledons plano-convex.[39] [more]

Physocarpa

Physocarpus

Shrubs deciduous. Branches spreading; buds small, with several alternate, exposed scales. Leaves alternate; stipules caducous; leaf blade usually 3-veined, margin usually 3-lobed, serrate. Inflorescence a terminal corymb. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium cupular. Sepals 5, valvate. Petals 5, white or pinkish, slightly longer than sepals. Stamens 20 40. Carpels 1 5, connate at base; ovary 1-loculed. Follicles inflated, dehiscent along both sutures. Seeds 2 5.[40] [more]

Pilosella

Hieracium (pronounced ) known by its common name Hawkweed and long ago by its classical name hierakion which comes from the ancient Greek hierax, "" is a genus of the sunflower (Helianthus) family Asteraceae (previously called Compositae) and are closely related to dandelion (Taraxacum), chicory (Cichorium), prickly lettuce (Lactuca) and sow thistle (Sonchus) which are part of the tribe Cichorieae. Hawkweeds with their 10,000+ recorded species and subspecies and approximately 800 accepted species members, do their part to make Asteraceae the second largest family of flowers. [more]

Pimpinella

Herbs, perennial, rarely biennial or annual. Root fibrous or a taproot. Stems erect, branching, base without fibrous remnant sheaths. Basal leaves petiolate, sheathing at base; blade 13-ternate, 14-pinnate or ternate-13-pinnate, sometimes simple. Cauline leaves often heteromorphic. Inflorescence branching, umbels terminal and lateral; bracts and bracteoles present or absent, usually linear, apex entire; rays few to numerous. Calyx teeth usually obsolete, sometimes conspicuous, lanceolate, minute. Petals white, rarely purple, glabrous or hairy abaxially. Stylopodium conic or low-conic, rarely depressed; styles short or long, spreading or reflexed (best observed in young or mature fruit). Fruit cordate-ovoid or oblong-ovoid, slightly laterally compressed, constricted at the commissure, glabrous or variously hairy; ribs 5, filiform, sometimes obscured by the indumentum; vittae 13(4) in each furrow, 24(8) on commissure. Seed face plane, rarely slightly concave. Carpophore 2-fid or 2-parted.[41] [more]

Pirocydonia

[more]

Pirus

[more]

Plagiospermum

[more]

Platyrhodon

[more]

Pleioblastus

Pleioblastus is a of monopodial bamboo. Genetic research indicates that this genus may properly be part of the genus Arundinaria. [more]

Pleione

Pleione may refer to [more]

Pleiosepalum

[more]

Pleiosorbus

[more]

Pleurophyllum

[more]

Polydontia

[more]

Polylepis

Polylepis is a genus of trees and shrubs restricted to the of South America. The genus belongs to the Rosaceae family and to the tribe Sanguisorbeae. It is wind-pollinated and can be recognized by its pinnate leaves and a multi-layered, papery bark, the latter feature also prompting its scientific name, a combination of Greek and Latin meaning "many-scales". [more]

Polypetalia

[more]

Polystorthia

[more]

Ponerorchis

[more]

Porteranthus

Gillenia ( Porteranthus) is a genus of two species of perennial herbs in the Rosaceae family. Common names for plants in this genus include: Bowman's root, Indian-physic, American ipecac. This genus is endemic to dry open woods with acidic soils in eastern North America. Both plants are subshrubs with exposed semi-woody branches and serrated leaves; the larger lower leaves are divided into palmately arranged leaflets. Plants bloom in May, June, or July; blooms are composed of five slender white petals which are loosely arranged and typically appear slightly twisted and limp as if they were wilted. The flowers mature into small capsules. These plants are often planted as ornamentals and used medicinally as an herbal remedy. [more]

Potaninia

Shrublets with thick, subterranean stock. Stems much branched; branchlets spinelike. Stipules adnate to petiole, ovate, hyaline; petiole hard, persistent, spinelike; leaf blade (1 or) 3- or palmately 5-foliolate; leaflets minute. Flowers solitary, axillary, bracteate, bisexual, minute. Hypanthium funnelform. Sepals 3, deltoid, persistent. Petals 3, ovate, scarcely larger than sepals, deciduous. Stamens 3, opposite petals; filaments shorter than petals, inserted at glabrous margin of swollen disk; anthers dorsifixed, not exserted, introrse, ovoid. Carpel 1, central, ovoid; ovule inserted laterally next to style, ascending; style basal, persistent; stigma capitate. Achene cylindric. Seed cylindric, thickened proximally.[42] [more]

Potentilla

Herbs perennial, rarely biennial, annual, or shrubs, if perennial then with ± tufted, scaly rootstock. Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate. Leaves pinnate or palmately compound; stipules ± adnate to petiole. Inflorescence often cymose or cymose-paniculate, or 1-flowered. Flowers usually bisexual. Hypanthium concave, mostly hemispheric. Sepals 5, valvate; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with sepals. Petals 5, often yellow, rarely white or purple. Stamens usually ca. 20 in 3 series of 10, 5, and 5, rarely fewer or more (11-30) ; anthers 2-loculed. Carpels usually numerous, free, inserted on slightly elevated receptacle; ovule ascending or pendulous, anatropous, amphitropous, or suborthotropous; style subterminal, lateral, or basal. Achenes numerous, inserted on dry receptacle with persistent sepals. Seed testa membranous. x = 7.[43] [more]

Poteridium

[more]

Poterium

Poterium is a genus of plants belonging to the family . There are about 25 members of the genus found mostly in Europe, West Asia and North Africa. It is closely related to the genus Sanguisorba. [more]

Pourthiaea

Photinia is a genus of about 40-60 species of small and large shrubs in the Rosaceae family. As interpreted here, they are restricted to warm temperate Asia, from the Himalaya east to Japan and south to India and Thailand, but some botanists also include the closely related North American species Heteromeles arbutifolia in Photinia as Photinia arbutifolia. The genus Stranvaesia is so similar in morphology to Photinia that its species have sometimes been included within it, but recent molecular data indicate that the two genera are not related. The genus Aronia is included in Photinia in some classifications, but recent molecular data indicate that these genera are not closely related. Other close relatives include the firethorns (Pyracantha), cotoneasters (Cotoneaster) and hawthorns (Crataegus). The scientific name Photinia is widely used as the common name; another name sometimes used is "Christmas berry". [more]

Prinsepia

Shrubs, erect or scandent, deciduous. Branches with leafless or few-leaved axillary spines, pith lamellate. Winter buds small, with a few hairy scales. Stipules small, soon caducous. Leaves alternate, sometimes fascicled on short shoots, simple; petiole short, often ill-defined, with or without slender and inconspicuous nectaries; leaf blade glabrous, margin entire or serrulate. Inflorescences solitary or fascicled on short branchlets in leaf axils of previous year's branches, racemose, or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual. Pedicel absent or essentially so. Hypanthium mouth with an annular disc. Sepals 5, unequal, persistent in fruit. Petals 5, white, cream, or yellow, suborbicular, base clawed. Stamens 10 or more, in 2 or more whorl, inserted on hypanthium rim; filaments short. Ovary superior, glabrous, 1-loculed; ovules 2, parallel, pendulous. Style lateral; stigma capitate. Fruit a drupe; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp leathery, smooth or slightly furrowed.[44] [more]

Prostanthera

Prostanthera commonly known as Mintbush, is a genus of plants of the family . There are about 90 species within the genus, all of which are endemic to Australia. [more]

Prumus

[more]

Pruneola

[more]

Prunites

Prunopsis

[more]

Prunus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branchlets sometimes spine-tipped. Axillary winter bud solitary, ovoid; terminal winter bud absent. Stipules membranous, soon caducous. Leaves simple, alternate, convolute [or conduplicate] when young; petiolate or sessile; petiole apex or base of leaf blade margin with or without nectaries; leaf blade margin variously crenate or coarsely serrate. Inflorescences apparently axillary, solitary or to 3-flowered in a fascicle; bracts small, soon caducous. Flowers opening before or at same time as leaves. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, white, sometimes purple-veined, rarely greenish, inserted on rim of hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 20-30, in 2 whorls; filaments unequal. Carpel 1; ovary superior, 1-loculed, glabrous or sometimes villous; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, often glaucous, usually with a longitudinal groove; mesocarp fleshy, not splitting when ripe; endocarp laterally compressed, smooth, rarely grooved or rugose.[45] [more]

Prunus-Lauro-Cerasus

[more]

Pseudo-Chaenomeles

[more]

Pseudocydonia

Pseudocydonia sinensis (Chinese Quince), the only species in the genus Pseudocydonia, is a or semi-evergreen tree in the family Rosaceae, native to eastern Asia in China. It is closely related to the European genus Cydonia and the east Asian genus Chaenomeles, but differing from the former in the serrated leaves, and from the latter in lacking thorns, and in the flowers being produced singly, not in clusters. [more]

Pseudofortuynia

[more]

Pseudomertensia

[more]

Pseudowintera

Pseudowintera is a of woody evergreen flowering trees and shrubs, part of family Winteraceae. The species of Pseudowintera are native to New Zealand. Winteraceae are magnoliids, associated with the humid Antarctic flora of the southern hemisphere. [more]

Psiadia

Psiadia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Psychrobatia

[more]

Pteroceras

[more]

Pterostyrax

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Winter buds naked. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; leaf blade margin serrate or serrulate. Inflorescences pendulous, branches one-sided, many-flowered; bracteoles early deciduous. Pedicel short, jointed. Flowers bisexual. Calyx tube campanulate, 5-ribbed, completely adnate to ovary, 5-toothed. Corolla lobes 5, shortly coherent at base, imbricate. Stamens 10, 5 short and 5 long or subequal in length, 1 series; filaments flattened, basally connate into a membranous tube. Ovary mostly inferior, 3--5-locular; ovules 4 per locule, erect or pendulous, placentation axile. Style elongated, subulate; stigma capitate or obscurely 3-lobed. Fruiting pedicel short. Drupes dry, ribbed or winged, with a persistent style forming distinct beak, exocarp crusty, endocarp woody. Seeds 1 or 2, fleshy; endosperm thin.[46] [more]

Pterygopappus

[more]

Ptychogyne

Purpusia

[more]

Purshia

Purshia (bitterbrush or cliff-rose) is a small genus of 5-8 species of in the family Rosaceae, native to western North America, where they grow in dry climates from southeast British Columbia in Canada south throughout the western United States to northern Mexico. [more]

Pygeum

Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Branches unarmed. Stipules small, free, soon caducous, rarely persistent. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate; leaf blade abaxially with a pair of flat to depressed nectaries near base and additional nectaries sometimes near margin, margin entire or very rarely minutely serrulate. Racemes axillary, solitary or sometimes several in a fascicle, unbranched or branched; bracts small, soon caducous, very rarely persistent after anthesis. Flowers bisexual or unisexual by want of ovary, sometimes polygamo-dioecious. Hypanthium obconic, campanulate, or