Overview
Rhizophoraceae is a family constituted by tropical or subtropical flowering plants. Among the better known members are mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. There are around 149 species distributed in sixteen genera, most native to the Old World.1]
These are woody plants with opposite or whorled leaves (but not decussate), with insect-pollinated flowers having a nectary disc and typically five petals. This family is now placed in the order Malpighiales, though under the Cronquist system they formed an order in themselves (Rhizophorales).
These species are often hermaphrodite, more rarely polygamomonoecious. Mangrove species are usually viviparous while those living on land are not.
Uses
Some species produce wood used for underwater construction or piling. Tannins are obtained from the tree's bark.
oody plants with opposite or whorled leaves (but not decussate), with insect-pollinated flowers having a nectary disc and typically five petals. This family is now placed in the order Malpighiales, though under the Cronquist system they formed an order in themselves (Rhizophorales).These species are often hermaphrodite, more rarely polygamomonoecious. Mangrove species are usually viviparous while those living on land are not.
Uses
Some species produce wood used for underwater construction or piling. Tannins are obtained from the tree's bark.
References
- ^ Stephens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/
Taxonomy
The Family Rhizophoraceae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (1): Caryophylloideae
- Tribe (4): Crossostylideae · Gynotrocheae · Macarisieae · Rhizophoreae
- Genus (36): Anopyxis · Anstrutheria · Baraultia · Barraldeia · Blepharistemma · Bruguiera · Carallia · Cassipourea · Catalium · Ceriops · Comiphyton · Crossostylis · Dactylopetalum · Demidofia · Dryptopetalum · Endosteira · Gynotroches · Haplopetalon · Kandelia · Kanilia · Karekandelia · Legnotis · Macarisia · Paradrypetes · Pellacalyx · Petalodactylis · Petalotoma · Plaesiantha · Rhizophora · Richaeia · Sagittipetalum · Sterigmapetalum · Symmetria · Tetracrypta · Tomostylis · Weihea
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 444 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Family Rhizophoraceae.
Genera
Anopyxis
Anopyxis is a genus of plant in family Rhizophoraceae, with 3 species. [more]
Anstrutheria
Baraultia
Barraldeia
Blepharistemma
Bruguiera
Trees, producing kneelike pneumatophores. Trunk basally buttressed, often with a cone of stilt roots at base. Leaf scars showing evidence of 3 vascular bundles. Leaves entire. Inflorescences cymes, 1-5-flowered, pedunculate. Flowers generally nodding. Calyx accrescent, tube extending beyond ovary; lobes 8-14(-16), subulate-lanceolate. Petals as many as calyx lobes, usually 2-lobed, fringed with hairs and/or bristles. Stamens 2 × as many as petals, in unequal pairs opposite petals, each pair enclosed by inrolled petal margins; anthers introrse, dehiscing lengthwise. Ovary inferior, 2-4-loculed; ovules 2 per locule; style lobes 2-4. Fruit campanulate. Seed usually solitary, viviparous; hypocotyl terete or obscurely ribbed.[1] [more]
Carallia
Carallia is a genus of plant in family Rhizophoraceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Cassipourea
Cassipourea is a genus of in family Rhizophoraceae. [more]
Catalium
Ceriops
Shrubs or small trees. Trunks often with stilt roots clustered around base. Stipules lanceolate. Leaves crowded near shoot apex; leaf blade veins obscure on both surfaces. Inflorescences condensed cymes, pedunculate, 2- to many flowered. Bracteoles 2, partly connate. Calyx deeply 5- or 6-lobed. Petals 5 or 6, white, each embracing 2 stamens, cohering at base, margin with uncinate trichomes. Stamens twice as many as calyx lobes. Disk cupular, shallowly lobed. Ovary semi-inferior, 3-loculed; ovules 2 per locule; style short; stigma entire or shortly lobed. Fruit ovoid. Hypocotyl clavate, ridged and grooved, apically tapering.[2] [more]
Comiphyton
Crossostylis
Dactylopetalum
Demidofia
Dryptopetalum
Endosteira
Gynotroches
Haplopetalon
Kandelia
Trees. Branches terete. Leaf blade margin entire. Inflorescences axillary, cymes, 4-9-flowered, pedunculate. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, subtended by a cuplike involucre of bracteoles. Petals 5, with long setae in sinus between petals, 2-lobed; lobes apically fimbriate. Stamens numerous, on a disk; anthers 4-celled, cells longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary inferior, 1-loculed; ovules 6 per locule; style filiform; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit with persistent calyx, attached to plant until falling with viviparous seedling. Seed 1, germinating on plant. Hypocotyl cylindric, spindle-shaped or clavate, apex pointed.[3] [more]
Kanilia
Karekandelia
Legnotis
Macarisia
Paradrypetes
Paradrypetes is a plant genus under the family Picrodendraceae. It is sometimes included in the Rhizophoraceae and was formerly included in the Euphorbiaceae family. [more]
Pellacalyx
Pellacalyx is a genus of plant in family Rhizophoraceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Petalodactylis
Petalotoma
Plaesiantha
Rhizophora
Rhizophora is a genus of tropical trees. The most notable species is the Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) but other species are known, including Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora stylosa. Rhizophora species generally live in inter-tidal areas which are indundated daily by the ocean. They exhibit a number of adaptations to this environment, including stilt-roots that elevate the plants above the water and allow them to respire oxygen even while their lower roots are submerged, and a cytological molecular “pump†mechanism that allows them to remove excess salts from their cells. [more]
Richaeia
Sagittipetalum
Sterigmapetalum
Symmetria
Tetracrypta
Tomostylis
Weihea
At least 47 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Weihea.
More info about the Genus Weihea may be found here.
References
- ^ Stephens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/
Bibliography
- Chang Che-yung, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 52(2): 125-143.
- Ko Wan-cheung. 1983. Rhizophoraceae. In: Fang Wen-pei &
Footnotes
- "Bruguiera". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 295, 296. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Ceriops". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 295, 297. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Kandelia". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 295, 297, 298. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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