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Rhinantheae

(Tribe)

Overview

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A Tribe in the Kingdom Plantae.

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Tribe Rhinantheae is a member of the Subfamily Rhinanthoideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Rhinantheae:

The Tribe Rhinantheae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Castilleja

Herbs, annuals or perennials, rarely shrubs, hemiparasitic. Spikes or racemes terminal; bracts leaflike, often broader than leaves, variously colored, entire or lobed. Calyx tubular, base often gibbous abaxially, 2- or 4-lobed, median clefts usually deeper than lateral. Corolla tube included in calyx; limb conspicuously 2-lipped; lower lip short, patent, 3-lobed; upper lip elongated, rostrate apex entire. Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers enclosed by upper lip. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous, minute; seed coat transparent, foveolate.[1] [more]

Cymbaria

[more]

Euphrasia

Herbs, annual or perennial, hemiparasitic. Leaves opposite, lower ones usually small, increasing in size upward. Inflorescences terminal spikes or racemes; bracts larger than leaves, opposite, palmately veined, margin callous thickened dentate. Calyx tubular to campanulate, 4-lobed, more deeply parted medianly than laterally. Corolla tube tubular, apically inflated; limb 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed, lobe apices often emarginate; upper lip straight, galeate, lobes revolute. Stamens 4, didynamous, anthers connivent and enclosed by galea; locules parallel and free, pointed at base but posterior 2 anthers each with 1 locule spurred, all 4 with barbate hairs along slit. Stigma slightly dilated, entire or 2-lobed. Capsule compressed, 2-grooved, loculicidal, apex obtuse. Seeds numerous, small, ellipsoid, with cross striate wings.[2] [more]

Melampyrum

Herbs, annual, hemiparasitic. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers solitary in axils of bracts or congregated into racemes or spikes; bracts leaflike in shape, margin often with pointed or setose teeth, rarely entire. Calyx campanulate; lobes 4, upper 2 larger than lower. Corolla tube tubular, gradually expanded upward; limb dilated, 2-lipped; lower lip patent, base 2-plicate, apex 3-lobed; upper lip galeate, compressed, slightly shorter than upper lip, margin revolute, apex obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous, enclosed by galea; anthers connivent, locules equal in size and base conically pointed, bearded along slit after dehiscence. Ovules 2 per locule. Stigma capitate, entire. Capsule ovoid, slightly compressed, straight or oblique, loculicidal, apex obtuse or tapered. Seeds 1-4, oblong, large, smooth.[3] [more]

Odontites

Herbs, hemiparasitic. Leaves opposite. Bracts smaller than leaves. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla tube tubular; limb 2-lipped; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, lateral lobes entire, middle lobe emarginate; upper lip slightly arching, obscurely galeate, margin straight, apex entire to emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous, enclosed by galea; anther locules slightly divergent, pointed at base. Stigma capitate. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous, pendulous, sculptured, winged; wings cross striate.[4] [more]

Pedicularis

Herbs perennial or annual, rarely biennial, hemiparasitic. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, usually pinnatifid to 1- or 2-pinnatisect, rarely entire or dentate. Lower leaves usually long petiolate; upper leaves often ± sessile. Inflorescences terminal or flowers axillary; bracts usually leaflike. Calyx tubular to campanulate, often ± bilabiate, usually deeply cleft anteriorly, (2--) 5-lobed. Corolla purple, red, yellow, or white, strongly bilabiate; upper lip (galea) hooded, enclosing anthers, laterally compressed, rounded or truncate, or terminating in teeth or in a beak; lower lip 3-lobed, usually spreading, external to upper lip in bud. Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments glabrous or pubescent; anthers mucronate or not. Stigma capitate. Capsule moderately compressed or not, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, reticulate or costate.[5] [more]

Penstemon

Penstemon (Beard-tongue) is a large of North American and East Asian plants traditionally placed in the Scrophulariaceae family. Due to new genetic research it has now been placed in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. [more]

Pinus

Trees or shrubs aromatic, evergreen; crown usually conic when young, often rounded or flat-topped with age. Bark of older stems variously furrowed and plated, plates and/or ridges layered or scaly. Branches usually in pseudowhorls; shoots dimorphic with long shoots and short shoots; short shoots borne in close spirals from axils of scaly bracts and bearing fascicles of leaves (needles) . Buds ovoid to cylindric, apex pointed (blunt), usually resinous. Leaves dimorphic, spirally arranged; foliage leaves (needles) (1--) 2--5(--6) per fascicle, persisting 2--12 or more years, terete or ± 2--3-angled and rounded on abaxial surface, sessile, sheathed at base by 12--15 overlapping scale leaves, these (at least firmer basal ones) persisting for life of fascicle or shed after first season; resin canals 2 or more. Pollen cones in dense, spikelike cluster around base of current year's growth, mostly ovoid to cylindric-conic, tan to yellow, red, blue, or lavender. Seed cones maturing in 2(--3) years, shed early or variously persistent, pendent to ± erect, at maturity conic or cylindric, sessile or stalked, shedding seed soon after maturity or variously serotinous (not opening upon maturity but much later) ; scales persistent, woody or pliable, surface of exposed apical portion of each scale (apophysis) thickened, with umbo (exposed scale surface of young cone) represented by a scar (sometimes apiculate) or extended into a hook, spur, claw, or prickle; bracts included. Seeds winged or wingless; cotyledons (3--) 6--10(--18) . x =12.[6] [more]

Potentilla

Herbs perennial, rarely biennial, annual, or shrubs, if perennial then with ± tufted, scaly rootstock. Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate. Leaves pinnate or palmately compound; stipules ± adnate to petiole. Inflorescence often cymose or cymose-paniculate, or 1-flowered. Flowers usually bisexual. Hypanthium concave, mostly hemispheric. Sepals 5, valvate; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with sepals. Petals 5, often yellow, rarely white or purple. Stamens usually ca. 20 in 3 series of 10, 5, and 5, rarely fewer or more (11-30) ; anthers 2-loculed. Carpels usually numerous, free, inserted on slightly elevated receptacle; ovule ascending or pendulous, anatropous, amphitropous, or suborthotropous; style subterminal, lateral, or basal. Achenes numerous, inserted on dry receptacle with persistent sepals. Seed testa membranous. x = 7.[7] [more]

Rhinanthus

Herbs, hemiparasitic. Leaves opposite. Racemes terminal. Calyx 4-lobed, upper side parted to ca. 1/2 length, other lobes shallow. Corolla 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip galeate, extending into a short 2-lobed beak. Stamens 4, enclosed by galea; anthers connivent, locules transversely divergent, spurless, barbate along slit after dehiscence. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds several per locule, broadly winged.[8] [more]

At least 242 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Rhinanthus.

More info about the Genus Rhinanthus may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. "Castilleja". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 89. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. "Euphrasia". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 92. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Melampyrum". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 90. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Odontites". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 96. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. Yang Han-bi, Noel H. Holmgren, Robert R. Mill "Pedicularis". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 97. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. Robert Kral "Pinus". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. Li Chaoluan (Li Chao-luang, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba "Potentilla". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 291. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Rhinanthus". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 96. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: November 20, 2008