Overview
Taxonomy
The Subfamily Primuloideae is a member of the Family Primulaceae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Primuloideae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Subclass: Asteridae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Primulanae
R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1996
- Order: Ericales
Dumortier, 1829
- Family: Primulaceae
(SIGH-kla-men)
Batsch ex Borkh., 1797, nom. cons.
- Subfamily: Primuloideae
- Family: Primulaceae
(SIGH-kla-men)
Batsch ex Borkh., 1797, nom. cons.
- Order: Ericales
Dumortier, 1829
- Superorder: Primulanae
R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1996
- Subclass: Asteridae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
The Subfamily Primuloideae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Tribe (2): Androsaceae · Primuleae
- Genus (14): Androsace · Bryocarpum · Cortusa · Dionysia · Dodecatheon · Douglasia · Hottonia · Kaufmannia · Omphalogramma · Pomatosace · Primula · Soldanella · Stimpsonia · Vitaliana
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5,258 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Subfamily Primuloideae.
Genera
Androsace
Androsace is the second largest genus in the Primulaceae. It is a predominantly Arctic-alpine genus with many species in the Himalayas (where the genus originated), the mountains of central Asia, the Caucasus, and the southern and central European mountain systems, particularly the Alps and the Pyrenees. [more]
Bryocarpum
Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, petiolate. Flowers terminal, solitary, without bracts. Calyx 7-lobed to base; lobes lanceolate. Corolla yellow, infundibular-campanulate, exannulate, 7-lobed to middle; lobes linear, 2-lobed. Stamens 7, inserted toward apex of corolla tube; filaments very short; anthers oblong, apex acuminate. Ovary oblong, apex gradually narrowed into slender style; stigma capitate. Capsule cylindric, many seeded, dehiscing by a lid at apex.[1] [more]
Cortusa
Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, long petiolate, cordate-orbicular, palmately lobed; lobes dentate to incised. Inflorescences scapose, umbellate, with bracts. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx deeply parted; lobes lanceolate, persistent. Corolla tube short; limb infundibuliform, parted to 1/2 or below. Stamens included, attached at base of corolla; filaments dilated, connate basally into a ring; anthers apiculate. Ovary ovoid; style filiform, exserted; stigma small, capitate. Capsule ovoid to subcylindric, dehiscing by 5 short valves. Seeds numerous, compressed-globose.[2] [more]
Dionysia
Caespitose, cushion or dense tufted semishrubs, scapose or escapose. Branches covered with the persistent remains of the leaves. Leaves imbricate, simple, revolute or involute, entire or denticulate, farinose or efarinose (farina whitish or yellow), often glandular-stipitate. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous, yellow, pink or violet, umbellate or in superposed verticels or solitary. Bracts small, large and foliaceous in the scapose species. Calyx 1/2 to 2/3 rd-partite. Corolla much exceeding the calyx, tubular; limb 5-lobed, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, sub-sessile; filaments attached near the middle (in pin-eyed flowers) or near the throat. Ovules few. Style slender, stigma capitate. Capsule dehiscing by 5 valves. Seeds small, angled, minutely vesiculose, up to 35 in number.[3] [more]
Dodecatheon
Dodecatheon is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the Primrose family Primulaceae. The species have basal clumps of leaves and nodding flowers that are produced at the top of tall stems that rise from where the leaves join the crown. They are commonly called Shooting Stars because of the flower shape. The genus is largely confined to North America, and part of northeastern Siberia. Common names also include, American Cowslip, Mosquito Bills, Mad Violets, and Sailor-caps. A few species are grown in gardens for their showy and unique flower display. [more]
Douglasia
Androsace is the second largest genus in the Primulaceae. It is a predominantly Arctic-alpine genus with many species in the Himalayas (where the genus originated), the mountains of central Asia, the Caucasus, and the southern and central European mountain systems, particularly the Alps and the Pyrenees. [more]
Hottonia
Kaufmannia
Omphalogramma
Herbs perennial, with stout woody rhizomes. Leaves basal, petiolate, usually minutely brown punctate. Scapes solitary in each rosette, without bracts. Flowers terminal, solitary. Calyx 5--7-lobed to base; lobes linear-lanceolate. Corolla infundibuliform, rarely campanulate to salverform, slightly zygomorphic, 5--7-lobed; lobes entire, emarginate or dentate at margin. Stamens 5--7, inserted on corolla tube; filaments glabrous or pubescent; anthers oblong to ovate, apex obtuse. Ovary ovoid, superior. Capsule oblong to cylindric, dehiscing by short valves.[4] [more]
Pomatosace
Herbs annual or biennial. Leaves basal, pinnatifid. Scapes with umbels. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, enlarging in fruit. Corolla salverform, slightly shorter than calyx, constricted and annulate at throat; limb 5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted at upper 1/3 of corolla tube; filaments very short; anthers ovate, apex obtuse. Ovary depressed globose; style shorter than ovary; stigma capitate. Capsule subglobose, circumscissile.[5] [more]
Primula
Primula is a genus of 400-500 species of low-growing herbs in the family Primulaceae. They include primrose, auricula, cowslip and oxlip. Many species are grown for their ornamental flowers. They are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into high altitude tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia and New Guinea, and are also found in temperate southern South America. [more]
Soldanella
The genus Soldanella, commonly known in as snowbell, includes about 15 species in the flowering plant family Primulaceae, native to European mountains, from the Pyrenees, the Apennines, the Alps, the Carpathians and the Balkans. They grow in woods, damp pastures and rocky landscapes from 500-3,000 m above sea level, usually in hollows which hold snow long into the summer. [more]
Stimpsonia
Herbs annual. Stems erect to ascending. Basal leaves forming a rosette, petiolate. Stem leaves alternate, short petiolate or sessile. Flowers solitary, in axils of upper leaves, 5-merous. Calyx parted nearly to base; lobes linear-oblong, slightly enlarging with age. Corolla white or pink, salverform; tube slightly longer than calyx, not constricted at throat; lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens included, adnate to middle of corolla tube; filaments very short; anthers subovoid, apex obtuse. Ovary globose; style short. Capsule subglobose, dehiscing by 5 valves.[6] [more]
Vitaliana
Androsace is the second largest genus in the Primulaceae. It is a predominantly Arctic-alpine genus with many species in the Himalayas (where the genus originated), the mountains of central Asia, the Caucasus, and the southern and central European mountain systems, particularly the Alps and the Pyrenees. [more]
At least 13 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Vitaliana.
More info about the Genus Vitaliana may be found here.
Bibliography
- Chen Feng-hwai, Hu Chi-ming, Fang Yun-yi, Cheng Chao-zong, Yang Yong-chang & Huang Rong-fu In Chen Feng-hwai & Hu Chi-ming, editors. 1990. Primulaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(1): 1-217
- Hu Chi-ming In Chen Feng-hwai & Hu Chi-ming, editors. 1990. Primulaceae (2). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 1-321.
- Hu Chi-ming In Chen Feng-hwai & Hu Chi-ming, editors. 1990. Primulaceae (2). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 1-321.
Footnotes
- "Bryocarpum". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 188. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Cortusa". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 79. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Dionysia". in Flora of Pakistan Page 33.. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Omphalogramma". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 185. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Pomatosace". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 188. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Stimpsonia". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 80. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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