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Poaceae

(Family)

Overview

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Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos. Flowering stems (culms) jointed, internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks, differentiated into sheath, blade, and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins, modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate, veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, an open, contracted, or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elonga te central axis, or digitate, paired, or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes) empty, subtending 1 to many florets; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn), glumes also sometimes awned. Flowers bisexual or unisexual; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary, anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear.

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Family Poaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Achaeta

[more]

Achlaena

Achlaena may mean: [more]

Achnatherum

Achnatherum is a genus of plants which includes several species of . Several needlegrass species have been switched between Achnatherum and genus Stipa; taxonomy between the two closely-related genera is still uncertain. [more]

Achnella

[more]

Achneria

[more]

Achnodon

[more]

Achnodonton

[more]

Achyrodes

[more]

Aciachne

[more]

Acicarpa

[more]

Acidosasa

Shrubby to arborescent bamboos. Rhizomes leptomorph, with running underground stems. Culms diffuse, erect; internodes terete, weakly grooved basally above branches, cavity with spongy pith; nodes weakly prominent. Branch complement 3 at mid-culm nodes, 3-5 at distal nodes. Culm sheaths deciduous, sparsely setose; auricles small or absent, with or without oral setae; blade lanceolate or triangular. Leaves usually medium-sized; auricles small or absent; blade with many secondary veins, transverse veins distinct. Inflorescence ebracteate, semelauctant, a terminal raceme or racemose panicle. Spikelets robust, several to many flowered, long pedicellate. Glumes 2-4; lemma large, many veined, apex acuminate or shortly mucronate. Palea usually shorter than lemma, 2-keeled, veined between keels. Lodicules 3, membranous, usually transparent at margin. Stamens 6; filaments free; anthers yellow. Ovary appendage inconspicuous; style 1; stigmas 3, plumose. New shoots spring-early summer, fl. summer-autumn.[2] [more]

Acostia

[more]

Acrachne

Annuals. Culms single or tufted. Leaf blades linear, thin, flat; ligule membranous with ciliate fringe. Inflorescence composed of racemes arranged digitately or in whorls along a central axis; racemes with imbricate, subsessile spikelets on a slender flattened rachis, terminal spikelet abortive. Spikelets laterally compressed, florets 6-20, lemmas falling at maturity from below upward leaving the paleas on the persistent rachilla, but often spikelet falling wholly or in part when only a few lemmas have been shed; glumes shorter than lemmas, 1-veined, keeled; lemmas firmly membranous, 3-veined, glabrous, strongly keeled, entire or bidentate, tipped with a stout awn-point. Grain ellipsoid, ornamented, deeply sulcate on hilar side, enclosed within a free hyaline pericarp which ruptures at maturity.[3] [more]

Acratherum

[more]

Acritochaete

[more]

Acroceras

Annuals or perennials. Culms decumbent, often rooting near the base. Leaf blades flat, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, usually with obscure transverse veins; ligule a narrow membrane. Inflorescence of lax racemes along a central axis, sometimes panicle-like due to irregular secondary branching; spikelets paired or rarely single, pedicels of each pair connate at base. Spikelets lanceolate to oblong, plump, dorsally or weakly laterally compressed, glabrous, florets 2; glumes subequal or lower glume shorter, papery; upper glume and lower lemma thickened and laterally compressed at apex to form a green crest; upper lemma dorsally compressed, crustaceous, smooth or finely striate, apex glabrous with a little green crest; upper palea with reflexed apex slightly protruding from lemma. x = 9.[4] [more]

Acrochaete

In , Acrochaete is a genus of algae, specifically of the Ulvellaceae. [more]

Acroelytrum

[more]

Actinochloa

[more]

Actinocladum

Actinocladum verticillatum is a of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae) and the sole of its genus, Actinocladum. [more]

Aegialina

Rostraria is a of annual grasses, which are native to Eurasia and North Africa and widely naturalised elsewhere. [more]

Aegialitis

Aegialitis is a of two shrubby mangrove species, with one native to Southeast Asia and the other native to Australia and Papua New Guinea. [more]

Aegilemma

[more]

Aegilonearum

[more]

Aegilopodes

[more]

Aegilops

Plants annual. Culms usually erect. Leaf sheath split almost to base; auricles cresent-shaped; leaf blade usually flat. Spike cylindric, lanceolate, or ovoid, dense; rachis disarticulating below each spikelet into segments. Spikelets 1 per node, sessile and fitting into rachis, cylindric or turgid, with 2-8 florets; rachilla not jointed, shortly pilose. Glumes rounded abaxially, leathery or cartilaginous, many veined, not keeled, apex truncate or toothed; teeth usually prolonged into longish awns. Lemma oblong or lanceolate, rounded abaxially, leathery-membranous to leathery, 5-7-veined, not keeled, apex usually 1-3-toothed or -awned; callus very short, obtuse. Palea equaling or subequaling lemma, ciliate along keels. Caryopsis free or adherent to lemma and palea, oblong-ovate, furrowed, apex hairy. x = 7.[5] [more]

Aegilotriticum

[more]

Aegopogon

[more]

Aegylops

Aeluropus

Perennials, tough, stoloniferous or rhizomatous. Leaf blades stiff, rolled, often markedly distichous, pungent; ligule a narrow ciliate membrane. Inflorescence spikelike or capitate, composed of short, erect racemes of subsessile, tightly imbricate spikelets appressed to a central axis. Spikelets ovate-lanceolate, laterally compressed, florets several to many, rachilla disarticulating above glumes and between florets; glumes shorter than lemmas, papery with broad scarious margins, lower glume 1-3-veined, upper glume 5-7-veined; lemmas ovate, resembling glumes in texture, strongly 7-11-veined, glabrous or hairy on margins, rounded on back, acute or mucronate; palea keels ciliate or scabrid, apex truncate.[6] [more]

Afrachneria

[more]

Afrotrichloris

[more]

Agenium

[more]

Agnesia

[more]

Agraulus

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Agrestia

[more]

Agrestis

[more]

Agroelymus

[more]

Agrohordeum

[more]

Agropogon

[more]

Agropyron

Plants perennial, with creeping rhizomes or culms tufted. Culms erect or geniculate at base. Sheaths of vegetative shoots often closed almost throughout their length, usually with lanceolate auricles; leaf blade flat or involute. Spike linear-oblong or ovoid; rachis tough, pubescent. Spikelets 1 per node, divergently or pectinately arranged, sessile, laterally compressed, with 3-10 florets; rachilla disarticulating above glumes and between florets. Glumes linear to narrowly ovate, hardened, 1-5-veined, 1-keeled to base, tapering to an acuminate or shortly awned tip in which veins converge. Lemma lanceolate-oblong, leathery, 5-7-veined, glabrous or pilose, apex acute or with straight awn; midvein slightly keeled; callus very short. Palea ± equaling lemma, pilose along keels, rarely smooth and glabrous, apex usually 2-toothed. Lodicules ciliate at margin. Caryopsis somewhat adherent to lemma and palea. x = 7.[7] [more]

Agropyropsis

[more]

Agropyrum

[more]

Agrositanion

[more]

Agrosticula

[more]

Agrostis

Annuals or perennials, tufted or sometimes with rhizomes or stolons. Leaf blades linear to filiform or setaceous, flat or rolled; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a panicle, open to contracted or spikelike. Spikelets with 1 floret, small, often gaping, without rachilla extension; rachilla disarticulating above glumes; glumes persistent, longer than floret, subequal or lower a little longer, membranous, 1-veined, apex subacute to acuminate; floret callus glabrous or shortly pilose; lemma oblong to elliptic, thinner than glumes, often hyaline, 5-veined, rounded on back, glabrous or hairy, lateral veins sometimes excurrent, awnless or awned from back, apex truncate or toothed; awn usually geniculate, sometimes weakly so or straight when short; palea shorter than lemma, sometimes very small. Stamens 3. Caryopsis oblong, sulcate on ventral side.[8] [more]

Agrostomia

[more]

Aira

Annuals, small. Leaf blades rolled. Inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. Spikelets small, laterally compressed, florets 2, both alike, bisexual, separated by very short internode, disarticulating below each floret; rachilla not extended beyond upper floret; glumes persistent, equal, enclosing florets, ovate, membranous, shining, 1(-3) -veined, apex acute; floret callus small, usually shortly bearded laterally, rarely glabrous; lemmas ovate, rounded on back, membranous becoming firm at maturity, indistinctly 5-veined, glabrous, upper part scaberulous to scabrid, awned from lower back or lower floret awnless, apex 2-toothed; awn geniculate with twisted column; palea slightly shorter than lemma. Anthers small. Caryopsis fusiform. 2n = 14, 28.[9] [more]

Airella

[more]

Airidium

[more]

Airochloa

[more]

Airopsis

[more]

Alectoridia

[more]

Alexfloydia

Alexfloydia is a genus of perennial stoloniferous grasses in the family Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae. This genus is found only in Coastal Eastern Australia. There is one known species, Alexfloydia repens. This genera was named in honour of the species discoverer Alexander Floyd. [more]

Allelotheca

[more]

Alloeochaete

[more]

Allolepis

[more]

Alloteropsis

Annuals or perennials. Culms erect or decumbent. Leaf blades convolute, linear or lanceolate. Inflorescence composed of slender racemes, these digitate or in whorls on a short common axis, each raceme with a weakly unilateral, narrowly triquetrous rachis, spikelets in pairs or clusters. Spikelets ovate to elliptic, dorsally compressed, florets 2; glumes unequal, acute to briefly awned; lower glume 1/2 spikelet length, membranous, 3-veined; upper glume as long as spikelet, herbaceous, 5-7-veined, ciliate along margins; lower floret staminate, lemma herbaceous, glabrous; lower palea much shorter than the anthers, bifid; upper lemma cartilaginous, margins inrolled, shortly awned; upper palea acute, the flaps basally auriculate. Caryopsis ellipsoid. x = 9.[10] [more]

Alopecuropsis

[more]

Alopecurus

Annual or perennial. Leaf blades linear, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a spikelike panicle, densely cylindrical, spikelets numerous, closely packed; pedicels very short, apices cuplike. Spikelets protogynous, strongly laterally compressed, floret 1, falling entire from pedicel; rachilla extension absent; glumes equal, ± equaling and enclosing floret, broadly lanceolate to oblong, membranous to thinly leathery, prominently 3-veined, strongly keeled, keel usually ciliate, infrequently winged, lower margins almost free or connate for up to half their length, apex obtuse, acute or shortly awned; lemma broadly lanceolate to ovate, usually thinly membranous, keeled, obscurely 5-veined, smooth, glabrous, lower margins often connate, awned from lower back, apex truncate to acute; awn straight when short or geniculate when longer, column smooth, usually twisted at maturity, bristle scabrid; palea absent or very small. Lodicules absent; ovary glabrous. Caryopsis obliquely obovate in side view; endosperm sometimes liquid.[11] [more]

Alopercurus

Altoparadisium

[more]

Alvimia

Alvimia is a of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae), comprising 3 species found in eastern coastal Bahia, Brazil. [more]

Amblyachyrum

[more]

Amblyopyrum

[more]

Amblytes

[more]

Amelichloa

[more]

Ammocalamagrostis

[more]

Ammochloa

[more]

Ammophila

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[12] [more]

Ammophilia

Ampelocalamus

Shrubby bamboos. Rhizomes short necked, pachymorph. Culms unicaespitose, pendulous or scrambling; internodes terete, finely ridged; nodal sheath scars usually prominent, often with corky collar. Mid-culm bud broadly ovoid, bud scale thick, initially closed at front, branch sheathing reduced, several branch initials becoming visible. Branches many, geniculate, central often dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, papery, shorter than internodes; ligule conspicuous; auricles usually developed, often with conspicuous oral setae; blade often foliar, reflexed, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate. Leaves small to large; ligule conspicuous; auricles usually conspicuous; blade with inconspicuous transverse veins. Inflorescence ebracteate or with few reduced sheaths, semelauctant, interrupted clustered pendulous panicles on leafy or leafless flowering branches. Spikelets pendulous on long, wiry inflorescence branches and curved pedicels, 2-7 flowered, followed by a sterile floret; rachilla internodes disarticulating, ca. 1/2 as long as florets. Glumes 2, thin; lemma papery; palea equal to or longer than lemma, 2-keeled, obtuse; lodicules 3, transparent. Stamens 3; filaments free, long exserted; anthers yellow. Ovary appendage absent; style 1; stigmas 2, plumose. Caryopsis ovoid to oblong, glabrous. New shoots late summer.[13] [more]

Ampelodesma

[more]

Ampelodesmos

Ampelodesmos is a monotypic genus of containing the single species Ampelodesmos mauritanicus, which is known by the common names stramma, Mauritania grass, rope grass, and dis grass. This is a clumping perennial grass which is native to the Mediterranean but has been introduced elsewhere and is cultivated as an ornamental. Its nodding flower panicles can be nearly two feet long. In its native area it is used as a fiber for making mats, brooms, and twine. The genus name comes from the Greek ampelos, "vine", and desmos, "bond", from its former use as a string to tie up grapevines. [more]

Ampelodonax

[more]

Amphibromus

[more]

Amphicarpon

Amphicarpum

[more]

Amphidonax

[more]

Amphilophis

[more]

Amphipogon

[more]

Amphochaeta

Anachortus

Anachyris

[more]

Anadelphia

Anastrophus

[more]

Anatherostipa

Anatherum

[more]

Ancistrachne

[more]

Ancistragrostis

[more]

Andropogon

Annual or perennial. Leaf blades linear, not aromatic; ligule scarious or reduced to a line of hairs. Inflorescence simple or compound; racemes fragile, usually paired, occasionally digitate or single, terminal on the culm or axillary and gathered into a spathate compound panicle; spikelets of a pair dissimilar; raceme bases not deflexed, without homogamous spikelets (present in A. munroi) ; rachis internodes filiform to linear or clavate, sometimes inflated, ciliate on margins. Sessile spikelet usually dorsally compressed; callus short, obtuse, shortly bearded, inserted into internode apex; lower glume membranous to leathery, 2-keeled, lanceolate, flat to concave with lateral keels, these sometimes narrowly winged, with or without intercarinal veins, or linear with dorsal keels and a deep veinless median groove; upper glume awned or awnless; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma hyaline, 2-lobed, awned from sinus; awn geniculate, column glabrous or puberulous. Stamens 1-3. Pedicelled spikelet variable, large to much reduced, male or barren. x = 10.[14] [more]

Andropterum

Androscepia

[more]

Anemagrostis

[more]

Anemanthele

Anemanthele is a monotypic of grass indigenous to New Zealand. Its only species is Anemanthele lessoniana, often called gossamer grass or New Zealand wind grass. This is a naturally rare grass in the wild but it is widely cultivated for use as an attractive ornamental garden plant. It is marginal in zone 8, going dormant and deciduous in cold winters, but usually an evergreen to semi-evergreen. Good green arching foliage to 3 feet in USDA 8, with highlights of orange, copper, and gold, especially in drier soils. Excellent backlit. [more]

Aneurolepidium

Anisachne

[more]

Anisantha

[more]

Aniselytron

Perennials, tufted. Leaf blades linear to broadly linear, flat, flaccid; ligule membranous. Inflorescence an open panicle; branches whorled. Spikelets with 1 floret, laterally compressed, disarticulating above glumes, rachilla shortly extended beyond floret, glabrous; glumes much shorter than floret, unequal, lower glume sometimes very small or vestigial, upper glume lanceolate, margins broadly hyaline, apex acuminate; callus of floret shortly and inconspicuously hairy, lateral hairs longest; lemma lanceolate in side view, keeled, leathery, scabrid, strongly 5-veined, acute or rarely mucronate; palea subequaling and almost enclosed by lemma, keels close together, prominent, scabrid, depressed between keels. Caryopsis ellipsoid. x = 7.[15] [more]

Anisopogon

[more]

Anomochloa

[more]

Anthaenantha

[more]

Anthaenantia

[more]

Anthaenantiopsis

[more]

Anthenantia

Anthephora

[more]

Anthistiria

[more]

Anthochloa

Anthosachne

[more]

Anthoxanthum

Perennial, fragrant herbs. Inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. Spikelets lanceolate to plumply elliptic or oblong, weakly laterally compressed, florets 3, brown, lower 2 florets staminate or sterile, terminal floret bisexual; rachilla disarticulating above glumes but not between florets. Glumes persistent, unequal to subequal, lanceolate to ovate, lower glume shorter, 1(-3) -veined, upper glume 3(-5) -veined, about as long as spikelet, apex acute. Lower 2 florets subequal, with a palea and 3 stamens, or sterile and epaleate, or a combination of both; lemmas equal to or shorter than upper glume, firmly membranous to leathery, often brown-pilose on back and ciliate along margins, apex emarginate to deeply 2-lobed, awnless, with a short straight awn from above middle, or geniculately awned from near base. Bisexual floret equaling or shorter than 2 lower florets; lemma cartilaginous, glossy, 3-5-veined, margins convolute and covering palea, apex awnless, rarely mucronate; palea 1-3-veined, without keels; lodicules absent or 2; stamens 2; stigmas plumose. x = 5, 7.[16] [more]

Anthoxantum

Antinoria

Antitragus

[more]

Antonella

Antoschmidtia

[more]

Apera

Apera is also the new term used for Australian-made . [more]

Aphanelytrum

Apluda

Perennial, rambling. Leaf blades linear-lanceolate, often pseudopetiolate; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a single short raceme encircled by a small boat-shaped spatheole; raceme comprising 1 sessile and 2 pedicelled spikelets; spatheoles numerous, crowded into a leafy compound panicle; peduncle very short, spikelet triad deciduous from it at maturity; pedicels both broad, strongly flattened, together with lower glume of sessile spikelet forming a triangular box around fertile floret. Sessile spikelet bisexual, slightly laterally compressed; callus broad, swollen; lower glume herbaceous or subleathery toward base, convex, without keels or wings, 2-toothed; upper glume strongly convex, laterally compressed, membranous with hyaline margins, 1-keeled, awnless; lower floret staminate, well developed with palea; upper lemma deeply 2-lobed and awned from sinus, or entire to emarginate and awnless; awn 4-12 mm. Pedicelled spikelets awnless, unequal, one well developed, staminate, as large as sessile spikelet, the other rudimentary.[17] [more]

Apochaete

[more]

Apochiton

Apoclada

Apoclada is a of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae), comprising 1 species found in the forests of southeastern Brazil. The genus was for many years thought to contain four species (Apoclada cannavieira, A. arenicola, A. diversa & A. simplex) Upon further examination and fieldwork at the collection locality, the single piece of material at the US National Herbarium from which A. diversa had been described, was found to be merely a deformed stem of A. simplex . Later, with revised concepts of morphological interpretation in the bamboos and strong molecular evidence it became clear that the two species formerly known as A. arenicola, and A. cannavieira which are endemic to the cerrado of central Brazil are actually unrelated to A. simplex and are correctly placed in their own genus Filgueirasia. [more]

Apocopis

Annual or perennial. Culms slender. Leaf blades linear; ligule short, membranous. Inflorescence terminal, composed of (1 or) 2(-4) erect, closely appressed racemes; racemes fragile, spikelets imbricate, usually single, sessile spikelets present, pedicelled spikelets normally suppressed, sometimes a few basal spikelets enlarged, barren, awnless; rachis internodes shorter than spikelets, linear, ciliate; pedicels slender, partly adnate to margin of lower glume, occasionally bearing a rudimentary spikelet (developed in A. intermedius). Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed, florets 2; callus obtuse; lower glume papery to leathery, broad, flattened, 7(-9) -veined, apex broadly truncate or emarginate; upper glume narrowly lanceolate, 3-veined, 2-keeled, margins inflexed; lower floret staminate, lower lemma and palea similar, hyaline; upper floret variable, female, bisexual, male or barren, upper lemma linear-lanceolate, entire or 2-toothed, with geniculate puberulous awn, infrequently awnless, palea shorter and broader. Lodicules absent. Stamens 2.[18] [more]

Apogonia

[more]

Arberella

[more]

Arcangelina

[more]

Arctagrostis

[more]

Arctodupontia

[more]

Arctophila

[more]

Arctophilla

[more]

Arctopoa

[more]

Argopogon

[more]

Aristaria

[more]

Aristavena

[more]

Aristella

[more]

Aristida

Perennials, less often annuals or suffruticose. Culms tufted. Leaf blades usually basal, rolled or rarely flat. Inflorescence a narrow or open panicle. Spikelets with 1 floret; glumes scarious, narrow, unequal with the upper usually longer, 1(-3) -veined; floret callus bearded, obtuse to pungent or 2-toothed; lemma narrowly cylindrical or laterally compressed, convolute, glabrous or sparsely hairy; awn 3-branched, branches arising directly from lemma apex or seated on a straight or twisted column, persistent or disarticulating either at base or apex of column (always persistent in China), scabrid. Stamens 3.[19] [more]

Aristopsis

[more]

Arrhenatherum

Perennial. Culms tall, basal internodes often swollen into globose corms. Leaf blades linear, flat. Inflorescence a moderately dense panicle. Spikelets weakly laterally compressed, florets 2, dimorphic, sometimes with an additional rudiment, lower floret staminate and strongly awned, upper floret bisexual and weakly awned or awnless; rachilla disarticulating above glumes but not between florets, extended beyond terminal floret; glumes unequal, thin, lower glume 1/2 spikelet length or more, 1-veined, upper glume as long as spikelet, 3-veined; lemmas firmly membranous to subleathery, rounded on back, 5-9-veined, apex 2-denticulate; lower lemma awned from near base, awn geniculate with twisted column, exserted from spikelet; upper lemma with a short straight awn or awnless; palea slightly shorter than lemma, keels ciliate. Ovary apex hairy; hilum linear.[20] [more]

Arrozia

[more]

Arthragrostis

[more]

Arthratherum

[more]

Arthraxon

Annual or perennial. Culms slender, much branched, often trailing, nodes bearded or infrequently glabrous. Leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, cordate, often clasping culm, usually pectinate-setose on lower margins; ligule membranous, hairy on margin and back. Inflorescence of subdigitate, slender, fragile racemes, these terminal on culms and branches, not spathate; rachis internodes and pedicels filiform to linear, glabrous or ciliate on angles; spikelets of a pair dissimilar, or spikelets apparently solitary. Sessile spikelet linear to lanceolate, dorsally or laterally compressed; callus short, truncate; lower glume membranous to leathery, back flat or convex, several-veined, with or without lateral keels, scaberulous to spinulose; upper glume boat-shaped, keel herbaceous, margins hyaline, apex acute to mucronate; lower floret reduced to an empty hyaline lemma; upper lemma hyaline, entire or shortly 2-toothed, awned from near base; awn geniculate, glabrous. Stamens 2 or 3. Caryopsis terete. Pedicelled spikelet variable, awnless, well developed, reduced, or represented by the pedicel only, sometimes almost completely suppressed. x = 9.[21] [more]

Arthrochortus

[more]

Arthrolophis

[more]

Arthropogon

[more]

Arthrostachya

[more]

Arthrostylidium

Arthrostylidium is a of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae), comprising 20 species found in the New World. They are climbing bamboos. [more]

Arthrostylodium

[more]

Arundarbor

[more]

Arundinaria

Small to arborescent bamboos, spreading or loosely clumped. Rhizomes leptomorph. Culms diffuse to pluricaespitose, suberect to drooping, 1-7(-13) m tall, 0.5-4(-6) cm thick; internodes terete to flattened on one side above branches. Branch buds tall, with or without promontory, within 2-keeled prophyll, always open at front. Branches (1 or) 2-5(-7), subequal. Lateral branch axes always subtended by sheaths, without replication of lateral branches. Culm sheaths deciduous to persistent, blade usually recurved or reflexed, lanceolate, articulate. Leaf sheaths persistent; blade oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, small to medium-sized, without marginal necrosis in winter, arrangement random, transverse veins distinct. Inflorescence an open panicle or raceme, flowering branches usually subtended by tiny bracts. Spikelets several to many flowered, slender; rachilla internodes extended, disarticulating. Glumes 1 or 2, mucronate; lemma similar to glumes; palea 2-keeled, apex obtuse; lodicules 3. Stamens 3; filaments free, slender; anthers yellow. Style usually very short; stigmas 2 or 3, plumose. Caryopsis dry, oblong. New shoots May-Jun.[22] [more]

Arundinella

[more]

Arundo

Arundo is a genus of two or three species of : stout, perennial grasses from the family Poaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to India, China and Japan. They grow to 3-6 m tall, occasionally to 10 m, with leaves 30-60 cm long and 3-6 cm broad. [more]

Arundoclaytonia

[more]

Asperella

Asprella

Asthenatherum

Asthenochloa

Astrebla

Astrebla is a small genus of grasses endemic to Australia. They are commonly known as Mitchell Grass. [more]

Ataxia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[23] [more]

Athernotus

[more]

Atheropogon

[more]

Athroostachys

Athroostachys capitata is a of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae) and the sole member of the genus Athroostachys. [more]

Atractantha

Atractantha is a of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae), comprising 2 species found in Brazil. [more]

Atractocarpa

[more]

Atropis

[more]

Aulacolepis

Aulaxanthus

[more]

Aulaxia

[more]

Aulonemia

Aulonemia is a of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae), comprising about 30 species found from South America to Mexico and Costa Rica. This genus includes Matudacalamus Mackawa. [more]

Australopyrum

Austrochloris

[more]

Austrodanthonia

Austrodanthonia is a genus of 28 grass species found in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. [more]

Austrofestuca

Austrostipa

Austrostipa is a of grass species. The genus includes Australasian species formerly included in the genus Stipa. [more]

Avellinia

Avena

Annuals. Culms erect, fairly robust. Leaf blades linear, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a large loose panicle. Spikelets large, pendulous, oblong to gaping, florets 2 to several, the uppermost reduced; rachilla pilose or glabrous, disarticulating below each floret or only below the lowest, or not disarticulating (cultivated species) ; glumes lanceolate to elliptic, usually subequal and as long as spikelet, rarely strongly unequal or shorter than spikelet, herbaceous to membranous, 7-11-veined, back rounded, smooth, apex acuminate; floret callus acute to pungent, bearded; lemmas lanceolate-oblong, usually leathery, occasionally papery, back rounded, 5-9-veined, glabrous to hispid, awned usually from near middle of back, apex papery, 2-toothed to 2-fid, lobes sometimes extended into fine bristles, awn geniculate with twisted column, sometimes reduced or absent (cultivated species) ; palea usually shorter than lemma, keels ciliate. Ovary densely hairy. Caryopsis with long linear hilum.[24] [more]

Avenastrum

[more]

Avenella

Deschampsia is a of wild plant in the grass family Poaceae, commonly known as hair grass or tussock grass. There are 30 to 40 species. [more]

Avenochloa

[more]

Avenula

[more]

Axonopus

Perennials, rarely annuals. Culms tufted or stoloniferous. Leaf blades flat or involute, often obtuse; ligule short, membranous-ciliolate. Inflorescence composed of 2 to many slender racemes, mostly subdigitate but sometimes along a short central axis; spikelets borne singly, subsessile, alternating in 2 rows along the narrow triquetrous rachis, lower lemma adaxial. Spikelets lanceolate to oblong, flatly biconvex, florets 2 (but apparently 1) ; lower glume absent; upper glume membranous, as long as spikelet, obscurely 4- or 5-veined; lower floret neuter, reduced to an empty lemma similar to upper glume, its palea absent; upper floret crustaceous, lemma margins inrolled, apex obtuse. x = 9, 10.[25] [more]

Baldomiria

[more]

Bambos

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Bambusa

Arborescent bamboos, occasionally shrubby or scrambling, 1-20 m. Rhizomes short necked, pachymorph. Culms unicaespitose, erect to pendulous, rarely subscandent; internodes terete; nodes not raised. Branches several to many, often 1-3 dominant (subequal in Bambusa subg. Lingnania), branchlets of lower branches sometimes forming tough or weak thorns. Culm sheaths deciduous, rarely persistent; auricles usually conspicuous, always with marginal oral setae; blade usually erect. Leaf blade variable in size, transverse veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence iterauctant, fully bracteate, subtended by a broad 2-keeled prophyll; pseudospikelets rarely solitary, usually several to many clustered to capitate on flowering branches. Pseudospikelets prophyllate; florets 2 to many, terminal floret sterile or imperfect, sessile; fertile glumes preceded by 1 or more gemmiferous, glumaceous, or spathaceous bracts and/or 1-3 empty glumes; rachilla internodes usually distinct and usually disarticulating with florets, falling separately; lemma broad, many veined; palea 2-keeled, apex acute or shortly bifid; lodicules 3 or 2. Stamens 6; filaments free. Ovary usually stalked, apex thickened and hairy; style solid, usually short; stigmas (1-) 3, long, hairy, plumose. Caryopsis terete, apex hairy; pericarp slightly thickened.[26] [more]

Baptorhachis

[more]

Barbusa

[more]

Bashania

[more]

Batratherum

[more]

Bealia

Beckera

[more]

Beckeropsis

Beckmannia

Annual or perennial. Leaf blades linear, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence composed of many unilateral racemes along a central axis; racemes dense, the lower often branched; spikelets subsessile, closely imbricate, biseriate. Spikelets orbicular, disarticulating below glumes, bisexual floret 1, with or without a second staminate floret above it; rachilla extension absent; glumes equal, gibbously inflated, enclosing all but apex of floret, not or weakly keeled, herbaceous with thinner white margins, 3-veined, apex obtuse or acute; floret callus short, glabrous; lemma lanceolate, cartilaginous, rounded on back, 5-veined, apex acute or tapering to a cusplike awn-point; palea somewhat shorter than lemma. Caryopsis terete.[27] [more]

Beesha

Bellardiochloa

[more]

Berchtoldia

[more]

Berghausia

[more]

Bewsia

Bhidea

Bifaria

[more]

Blakeochloa

[more]

Blepharidachne

Blepharidachne is a small genus of which are known generally as eyelashgrass or desertgrass. There are four species, all native to the Americas. [more]

Blepharochloa

[more]

Blepharoneuron

[more]

Bluffia

Boissiera

[more]

Bonia

Bonia is a of bamboo. [more]

Borinda

Borinda is a of clumping bamboos erected in 1994 by Stapleton and previously included in the genera Fargesia and Yushania. They have been recognized to present different flowers and shorter rhizomes than Yushanias. [more]

Botelua

[more]

Bothriochloa

Bothriochloa is a genus of in the Poaceae family. There are about 35 species found in tropical to warm temperate areas worldwide. They are often called beardgrass or bluestem. [more]

Bouteloua

Annuals or perennials. Culms mostly tufted. Leaf blades narrow; ligule a line of hairs. Inflorescence of racemes inserted singly along an axis; racemes unilateral, 1-80, short, deciduous or persistent; spikelets sessile, few to numerous, biseriate, sometimes pectinate; rachis narrow, flat, ending in a straight or forked point. Spikelets subterete or laterally compressed, fertile floret 1, usually 2nd sterile floret present, rarely this reduced to a rachilla extension; glumes unequal, narrow, membranous, 1-veined, keeled, acuminate to awn-pointed; lemma of fertile floret ± as long as upper glume, rounded or keeled on back, thinly leathery, 3-veined, veins excurrent into 3 short awns, central awn sometimes flanked by 2 teeth, less often apex simply acute; palea veins sometimes excurrent; sterile floret variable within a species or even an individual specimen, usually lemma body reduced and prominently awned. Caryopsis ellipsoid. x = 7, 10.[28] [more]

Boutelua

[more]

Brachiaria

Annual or perennial. Leaf blades linear to lanceolate, often with cartilaginous margins. Inflorescence composed of racemes along a central axis; raceme rachis triquetrous or flattened, sometimes winged; spikelets sessile or pedicelled, single or paired, rarely in fascicles or on secondary racemelets. Spikelets plump, usually elliptic, florets 2; lower glume adaxial, varying in length from very small and veinless to many-veined and subequaling spikelet, base sheathing, sometimes extended downward as a short stipe; upper glume and lower lemma similar, as long as spikelet, membranous or cartilaginous; upper lemma coriaceous, smooth, striate or rugose, margins inrolled, apex obtuse to acute, occasionally minutely mucronate; upper palea apex tucked within lemma. x = 7, 9.[29] [more]

Brachyachne

[more]

Brachychloa

Brachyelytrum

Description and distribution as for tribe.[30] [more]

Brachypodium

Brachypodium is a genus of . There are 15 to 18 species found in temperate and subtropical areas around the world. [more]

Brachystachyum

Brachystachyum densiflorum, short-spiked bamboo, short-tassled bamboo, short spikelet bamboo is a of bamboos, of the monotypic genus Brachystachyum. The genus names was formed from Greek and means precisely "short-spiked". [more]

Brachystylus

[more]

Braconotia

[more]

Brasilocalamus

[more]

Brevipodium

[more]

Briza

Briza is a of annual grasses in the family Poaceae, native to north temperate regions. The group is generally referred to as the quaking grasses because the flower and seedheads shake on their stalks in the slightest breeze. Some of its members are grown as ornamental plants. [more]

Brizochloa

[more]

Brizopyrum

[more]

Bromelica

[more]

Bromidium

[more]

Bromopsis

[more]

Bromuniola

Bromus

Annuals or perennials. Culms erect, tufted or with rhizomes. Leaf sheaths closed; leaf blades linear, usually flat; ligules membranous. Panicles spreading or contracted, branches scabrid or pubescent, elongated or arched. Spikelets large, with 3 to many florets, upper florets often sterile; rachilla disarticulating above glumes and between florets, scabrid or shortly hairy; glumes unequal or subequal, shorter than spikelet, lanceolate or nearly ovate, (1-) 5-7-veined, apex acute or long acuminate or aristiform; floret callus glabrous or both sides thinly hairy; lemmas rounded on back or compressed to keel, 5-9(-11) -veined, herbaceous or nearly leathery, margins often membranous, apex entire or 2-toothed; awn terminal or arising from lemma between teeth slightly under apex, rarely awnless or 3-awned; palea narrow, usually shorter than lemma, keels ciliate or scabrid. Lodicules 2. Stamens 3. Ovary apex with appendage; styles 2, arising from lower front of appendage. Caryopsis oblong, apex hairy, adaxial surface sulcate. Chromosomes large, x = 7, 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56, 70.[31] [more]

Brylkinia

Description and distribution as for tribe.[32] [more]

Bucetum

[more]

Buchloe

Perennial, stoloniferous; monoecious or dioecious. Leaf blades linear; ligule a line of hairs. Male inflorescence long exserted, racemes 1-4, distant, short; spikelets biseriate, pectinate; rachis slender. Female inflorescence composed of usually 2 modified racemes in axils of inflated upper leaf sheaths; spikelets 3-5; rachis shortened and with the spikelets forming a globular deciduous burr. Male spikelets with 2 florets; glumes unequal, 1-veined; lemmas longer than glumes, 3-veined, entire. Female spikelets dorsally compressed, floret 1; lower (inner) glume reduced or suppressed, thin; upper glume strongly indurated, forming an involucre on the outside of the burr, back rounded, margins inflexed and enclosing floret, apex contracted with 3-5 rigid acuminate lobes; lemma ovate-lanceolate, subleathery, 3-veined, apex shortly 3-lobed. Caryopsis ellipsoid.[33] [more]

Buchlomimus

[more]

Buergersiochloa

Bulbulus

Burmabambus

[more]

Butania

[more]

Cabrera

Calamagrostis

Perennials, often robust, sometimes rhizomatous. Leaf blades linear, usually flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a panicle, loosely contracted to dense and spikelike, often plumose, branches usually whorled, bearing numerous spikelets. Spikelets with 1 floret; rachilla disarticulating above glumes, extension beyond floret absent or small and glabrous, rarely better developed and penicillate; glumes persistent, subequal or unequal with lower longer, narrowly lanceolate, much exceeding floret, lower glume 1-veined, upper glume 3-veined at base, apex finely acuminate or subulate; floret callus conspicuously bearded, hairs much exceeding floret; lemma ca. 1/2 as long as glumes, hyaline, 3-5-veined, awned, apex erose, denticulate or deeply 2-lobed; awn very slender, straight or almost so, arising from lemma back, apex or between teeth; palea 1/2 as long to slightly shorter than lemma. Stamens usually 3, rarely 1.[34] [more]

Calamina

[more]

Calammophila

[more]

Calamochloa

[more]

Calamogrostis

Calamophila

[more]

Calamovilfa

[more]

Calanthera

[more]

Calderonella

[more]

Calosteca

[more]

Calotheca

[more]

Calycodon

[more]

Calyptochloa

[more]

Campeiostachys

[more]

Campella

[more]

Campuloa

[more]

Campulosus

[more]

Camusia

[more]

Camusiella

[more]

Canastra

Capillipedium

Perennial or annual. Culms erect, decumbent or rambling. Leaf blades linear, sometimes aromatic; ligule membranous, margin ciliolate. Inflorescence a terminal open panicle with elongate central axis; branches capillary, subdivided, each branchlet tipped by a short raceme; racemes with 1-5(-8) spikelet pairs, often reduced to triads of 1 sessile and 2 pedicelled spikelets, basal homogamous spikelet pairs absent; rachis internodes and pedicels slender, with a median translucent stripe between thickened margins. Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; callus very short, obtuse, shortly bearded; lower glume cartilaginous, broadly convex to slightly concave, flanks rounded, keeled toward apex, apex acute to obtuse; upper glume boat-shaped, dorsally keeled; lower floret reduced to a small empty hyaline lemma; upper lemma stipitiform, entire, awned from apex; awn geniculate, glabrous or puberulous. Pedicelled spikelet male or barren, similar to the sessile or smaller, herbaceous.[35] [more]

Capriola

[more]

Caryochloa

[more]

Caryophyllea

[more]

Casiostega

[more]

Castellia

[more]

Catabrosa

Perennials, rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Leaf sheaths closed to middle or above; leaf blades linear, flat, glabrous; ligule membranous. Inflorescence an open or infrequently contracted panicle of many spikelets; branches minutely papillose; pedicels short. Spikelets with (1-) 2(-3) florets, subterete, disarticulating below each floret; rachilla extended above floret, glabrous; glumes unequal, much shorter than florets, membranous, lower less than 1/2 spikelet length, 0-1-veined, upper up to 2/3 spikelet length, prominently 1-3-veined, apex truncate or broadly obtuse; lemmas broadly ovate to oblong, herbaceous or thinly membranous becoming hyaline toward apex, rounded on back, prominently 3-veined, lateral veins marginal, glabrous, apex broadly obtuse to truncate, erose, awnless; floret callus short, glabrous; palea subequal to lemma, keels smooth. Stamens 3. Caryopsis ellipsoid, hilum shortly oblong. x = 5.[36] [more]

Catabrosella

[more]

Catalepis

[more]

Catapodium

[more]

Cathariostachys

Cathestecum

[more]

Celtica

[more]

Cenchrus

Cenchrus is a genus of about 25 species of in the family Poaceae. Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Some botanists include the genus within the related genus Pennisetum. [more]

Centosteca

[more]

Centotheca

Annual or perennial. Leaf blades broadly linear to lanceolate, narrowed at base. Inflorescence a panicle or the primary branches reduced to racemes. Spikelets breaking up above glumes, florets 1-4, rachilla extension usually bearing a rudimentary floret, upper florets decreasing in size and often with reflexed bristles; glumes unequal, separated by a short internode, 3-5-veined, dorsally keeled, apex acute or acuminate; lemmas dorsally rounded, 5-7-veined, apex acute or apiculate; palea narrower, equal to or shorter than its lemma, keels ciliate or glabrous. Stamens 2 or 3.[37] [more]

Centrochloa

[more]

Centrophorum

[more]

Centropodia

[more]

Cephalostachyum

Arborescent or shrubby bamboos. Rhizomes short necked, pachymorph. Culms straight, pendulous, or occasionally clambering; internodes terete, smooth, usually glabrous; wall usually thin; nodal ridge not prominent; sheath scar prominent. Branches many, subequal or occasionally with a dominant branch replacing main culm. Culm sheaths deciduous, thickly papery to leathery, usually rigid, apex truncate or concave; auricles usually conspicuous; oral setae usually developed, often fimbriate; ligule truncate, short, serrulate; blade reflexed, sometimes erect. Leaf sheaths pubescent; auricles usually conspicuous; blade lanceolate or ovate-elliptical, variable in size, transverse veins scarcely visible. Inflorescence fully bracteate, iterauctant, initially densely glomerate with many pseudospikelets, terminal to a leafy shoot, later spicate, lateral to leafless flowering branches, subtended by several large bracts. Spikelets 1-flowered, with a rachilla extension. Glumes 2 or 3, long mucronate or awned; lemma similar to glumes, convolute. Palea thin, 2-keeled. Lodicules 3. Stamens 6; filaments free. Ovary stalked; style long, hollow; stigmas 2 or 3, plumose. Caryopsis nutlike, terete, apex with persistent style base.[38] [more]

Ceratochaete

Ceratochloa

[more]

Ceresia

[more]

Chaboissaea

Chaetaria

[more]

Chaetium

Chaetobromus

Chaetochloa

[more]

Chaetopoa

[more]

Chaetopogon

[more]

Chaetostichium

Chaetotropis

[more]

Chaeturus

Chalcoelytrum

[more]

Chamaedactylis

[more]

Chamaeraphis

[more]

Chamagrostis

[more]

Chandrasekharania

[more]

Chascolytrum

Chasea

Chasechloa

Chasmanthium

[more]

Chasmopodium

Chennapyrum

[more]

Chikusichloa

Perennial. Culms tufted, erect, unbranched. Leaf sheaths longer than internodes; leaf blades linear or broadly linear, with transverse veinlets; ligule membranous. Panicle lax, open. Spikelets with 1 floret, weakly dorsally flattened at anthesis, becoming terete at maturity, floret borne upon a long slender stipe derived from floret callus, disarticulating at base of stipe; glumes usually absent, sometimes 2 minute vestiges at stipe base; lemma membranous, strongly 5-7-veined, apex acute or awned; palea slightly shorter than lemma, (2-) 3(-5) -veined. Stamen 1. Caryopsis fusiform, embryo small, hilum linear, slightly shorter than caryopsis.[39] [more]

Chilochloa

[more]

Chimonobambusa

Shrubby bamboos, rarely subarborescent. Rhizomes leptomorph, with running underground stems. Culms usually diffuse, sometimes tillering (pluricaespitose), erect; internodes terete or 4-angled, often basally grooved above branches; nodes prominent to very prominent, basal nodes often with a ring of sparse or dense root thorns; sheath scars usually with a ring of pubescence or persistent base of culm sheath. Branches 3(-7 on upper culm), subequal, buds ovate-triangular, open at front, prophyll reduced. Culm sheaths deciduous and leathery, or sometimes persistent and papery; auricles minute or absent; blade reduced, to 1 cm, narrow. Leaves (1 or) 2-5 per ultimate branch; blade lanceolate, base cuneate. Inflorescence fully bracteate, weakly iterauctant, 1-3 single pseudospikelet racemes loosely fasciculate, subtended by gradually enlarged bracts. Spikelets several to many flowered, sessile. Rachilla disarticulating. Glumes usually 1-3, frequently one subtending a bud; lemma papery or membranous; palea membranous, 2-keeled, obtuse; lodicules 3, membranous. Stamens 3; filaments free. Ovary ellipsoid; style 1, short; stigmas 2 or 3, plumose. Fruit a nutlike caryopsis with a hardened pericarp. New shoots Apr-Nov.[40] [more]

Chimonocalamus

[more]

Chionachne

Perennial or annual. Leaf blades linear; ligule membranous. Inflorescences axillary, of single racemes, each usually supported by a spatheole, often gathered into a spathate compound panicle; racemes bearing pairs of unisexual awnless spikelets, female and male spikelets separated into different zones, female pairs below male pairs, axis fragile between female pairs. Rachis internode and pedicel fused along one margin; callus truncate with central knob. Female zone: sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; lower glume leathery to bony, enveloping spikelet, body smooth or transversely constricted, flanks usually winged above; lower floret sterile, palea usually absent; upper floret pistillate, palea present; pedicelled spikelet reduced to vestigial. Male zone: spikelet pair similar, both or only sessile staminate; lower glume herbaceous, elliptic-oblong.[41] [more]

Chionochloa

[more]

Chloachne

Chloothamnus

Chloridion

[more]

Chloris

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Chlorocalymma

[more]

Chloropsis

The leafbirds (Chloropseidae) are a family of small bird species found in India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. They are one of only three bird families that are entirely endemic to the Indomalayan ecozone. They were formerly grouped with the ioras and fairy-bluebirds in the family Irenidae. As presently defined, the leafbird family is monotypic, with all species placed in the genus Chloropsis. [more]

Chondrosium

[more]

Chondrosum

[more]

Chrysochloa

[more]

Chrysopogon

[more]

Chrysurus

[more]

Chumsriella

[more]

Chusquea

Chusquea is a of bamboo with about 120 species. Most of them are mountain clumping bamboos native from southern Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina. They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unlike most other bamboos, the stems of these species are solid, not hollow. [more]

Cinna

Perennials. Leaf blades flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence an open panicle. Spikelets laterally compressed, floret 1, rachilla extension usually present, varying from minute stub to slender bristle, disarticulating below glumes; glumes equal or lower somewhat shorter, lanceolate, membranous with broad hyaline margins, 1-3-veined, apex acute; lemma herbaceous with hyaline margins, equal to or slightly shorter than glumes, keeled, 3-5-veined, awnless or with mucro or short straight awn arising below apex, apex subacute; palea as long as or slightly shorter than lemma, 1-keeled, 1-veined or 2-veined with veins very close together, keel scabrid. Stamens 1(or 2). Ovary oblong, styles united at base. Endosperm liquid.[42] [more]

Cinnagrostis

[more]

Cinnastrum

[more]

Cladoraphis

[more]

Claudia

[more]

Clausospicula

[more]

Clavinodum

[more]

Cleistachne

Cleistochloa

[more]

Cleistogenes

Perennial. Culms usually tufted, many-noded. Leaf blades linear or linear-lanceolate, often inrolled when dry, lower blades usually disarticulating from the sheaths; ligule a line of hairs, sometimes on a very short membranous base. Inflorescence of often few-spiculate lax racemes spaced along a central axis, or a sparsely branched panicle, spikelets distant or loosely imbricate, shortly pedicellate; axillary cleistogamous spikelets also present concealed within the upper leaf sheaths. Spikelets laterally compressed, florets 1 to several, loosely spaced, rachilla slender, disarticulating above glumes and between florets, rachilla internodes pubescent at apex; glumes membranous, very unequal with the lower shorter, 1-5(-7) -veined; lemmas narrowly lanceolate to ovate, 3-5(-7) -veined, keeled, usually pubescent near margins, apex narrow, bidenticulate or rarely entire, acute, mucronate or shortly awned; palea keels glabrous or ciliolate. Floret callus shortly bearded. Anthers 3, linear.[43] [more]

Cliffordiochloa

[more]

Clinelymus

[more]

Clomena

[more]

Cockaynea

[more]

Coelachne

Low-growing annuals or perennials. Culms slender, ascending or decumbent. Leaf blades small, linear to lanceolate; ligule a line of hairs. Inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. Spikelets 2-flowered, florets dissimilar, the lower bisexual, the upper female, separated by a slender rachilla internode; glumes persistent, subequal, shorter than the spikelet, 1-7-veined, broadly obtuse; lemmas both membranous, veinless or obscurely veined, glabrous or pubescent, obtuse, the upper a little shorter than the lower; palea similar to lemma. Stamens 2-3. Caryopsis ovate-elliptic.[44] [more]

Coelachyropsis

[more]

Coelachyrum

Coelarthron

[more]

Coelorachis

[more]

Coelorhachis

[more]

Coix

Annual or perennial. Culms robust, erect or decumbent, sometimes floating, usually solid. Leaves cauline; leaf blades large, usually broad, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescences many, fascicled in the upper leaf axils, each subtended by a globose or elongated, bony or sometimes softer modified involucral spatheole ("utricle") ; each inflorescence comprising 2 racemes, a female sessile raceme enclosed within the utricle, and a pedunculate male raceme subtended by a prophyll and exserted from the apical pore of the utricle. Female raceme of 1 sessile fertile spikelet accompanied by 2 free stout pedicels, sometimes bearing vestigial spikelets. Female spikelet: lower glume broad, infolding spikelet, membranous with cartilaginous beak; upper glume narrower, keeled; lower floret reduced to a broad hyaline lemma; upper floret with hyaline lemma and palea; lodicules absent; stigmas 2, elongate, exserted from utricle. Male raceme deciduous at maturity, composed of imbricate spikelets borne in pairs or triads, 1(-2) sessile and 1 pedicelled, pedicelled spikelet often reduced in triads. Male spikelets: glumes subequal, herbaceous; lower glume flat on back, margins keeled, keels winged upward, wings with obvious branching veins; upper glume boat-shaped; both florets staminate, lemma and palea hyaline. Caryopsis orbicular, ventrally furrowed, enclosed in utricle.[45] [more]

Colanthelia

Colanthelia is a of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae), comprising 7 species found in Brazil. [more]

Coleanthus

Dwarf ephemeral. Leaf blades broadly linear, flat or folded, falcate. Inflorescence a sparsely branched