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Panicoideae

(Subfamily)

Overview

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A Subfamily in the Kingdom Plantae.

Taxonomy

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The Subfamily Panicoideae is a member of the Family Gramineae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Panicoideae:

The Subfamily Panicoideae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Andropogon

Andropogon (common names: beard grass, bluestem grass, broomsedge) is a genus of grasses. Andropogon gerardii, big bluestem, is the official state grass of Illinois. [more]

Apluda

Apluda is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family. [more]

Apocopis

Apocopis is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family. [more]

Arthraxon

Arthraxon is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family. [more]

Arthropogon

Arthropogon is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family. [more]

Arundinella

Arundinella is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family. [more]

Axonopus

Axonopus is a genus of grasses known generally as carpetgrass. They are native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. They are sometimes rhizomatous and many are tolerant of periodic submersion. [more]

Bothriochloa

Bothriochloa is a genus of in the Poaceae family. There are about 35 species found in tropical to warm temperate areas worldwide. They are often called beardgrass or bluestem. [more]

Brachiaria

Annual or perennial. Leaf blades linear to lanceolate, often with cartilaginous margins. Inflorescence composed of racemes along a central axis; raceme rachis triquetrous or flattened, sometimes winged; spikelets sessile or pedicelled, single or paired, rarely in fascicles or on secondary racemelets. Spikelets plump, usually elliptic, florets 2; lower glume adaxial, varying in length from very small and veinless to many-veined and subequaling spikelet, base sheathing, sometimes extended downward as a short stipe; upper glume and lower lemma similar, as long as spikelet, membranous or cartilaginous; upper lemma coriaceous, smooth, striate or rugose, margins inrolled, apex obtuse to acute, occasionally minutely mucronate; upper palea apex tucked within lemma. x = 7, 9.[1] [more]

Cenchrus

Cenchrus is a genus of about 25 species of grasses in the family Poaceae. Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Some botanists include the genus within the related genus Pennisetum. [more]

Chionachne

Perennial or annual. Leaf blades linear; ligule membranous. Inflorescences axillary, of single racemes, each usually supported by a spatheole, often gathered into a spathate compound panicle; racemes bearing pairs of unisexual awnless spikelets, female and male spikelets separated into different zones, female pairs below male pairs, axis fragile between female pairs. Rachis internode and pedicel fused along one margin; callus truncate with central knob. Female zone: sessile spikelet dorsally compressed; lower glume leathery to bony, enveloping spikelet, body smooth or transversely constricted, flanks usually winged above; lower floret sterile, palea usually absent; upper floret pistillate, palea present; pedicelled spikelet reduced to vestigial. Male zone: spikelet pair similar, both or only sessile staminate; lower glume herbaceous, elliptic-oblong.[2] [more]

Coelorachis

[more]

Coix

Annual or perennial. Culms robust, erect or decumbent, sometimes floating, usually solid. Leaves cauline; leaf blades large, usually broad, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescences many, fascicled in the upper leaf axils, each subtended by a globose or elongated, bony or sometimes softer modified involucral spatheole ("utricle") ; each inflorescence comprising 2 racemes, a female sessile raceme enclosed within the utricle, and a pedunculate male raceme subtended by a prophyll and exserted from the apical pore of the utricle. Female raceme of 1 sessile fertile spikelet accompanied by 2 free stout pedicels, sometimes bearing vestigial spikelets. Female spikelet: lower glume broad, infolding spikelet, membranous with cartilaginous beak; upper glume narrower, keeled; lower floret reduced to a broad hyaline lemma; upper floret with hyaline lemma and palea; lodicules absent; stigmas 2, elongate, exserted from utricle. Male raceme deciduous at maturity, composed of imbricate spikelets borne in pairs or triads, 1(-2) sessile and 1 pedicelled, pedicelled spikelet often reduced in triads. Male spikelets: glumes subequal, herbaceous; lower glume flat on back, margins keeled, keels winged upward, wings with obvious branching veins; upper glume boat-shaped; both florets staminate, lemma and palea hyaline. Caryopsis orbicular, ventrally furrowed, enclosed in utricle.[3] [more]

Cymbopogon

Cymbopogon (lemongrass) is a genus of about 55 species of grasses, (of which the type species is Cymbopogon citratus) native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Old World and Oceania. It is a tall perennial grass. Common names include lemon grass, lemongrass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, citronella grass,cha de Dartigalongue, fever grass, tanglad, hierba Luisa or gavati chaha amongst many others. [more]

Digitaria

Digitaria is a genus of about 300 species of grass (family Poaceae) native to tropical and warm temperate regions. Common names include crabgrass, finger-grass, and fonio. They are slender monocotyledonous annual and perennial lawn, pasture, and forage plants; some are often considered lawn pests. Digitus is the Latin word for "finger", and they are distinguished by the long, finger-like inflorescences they produce. [more]

Dimeria

[more]

Echinochloa

Echinochloa is a grass genus, some of whose members are millets grown as cereal or fodder crops. The most notable of these are Japanese Millet (E. esculenta) in East Asia, Indian barnyard Millet (E. frumentacea) in South Asia and Burgu Millet (E. stagnina) in West Africa. Collectively the members of this genus are called barnyard grasses (though this may also refer to E. crus-galli specifically), barnyard millets or billion-dollar grasses. [more]

Erianthus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Eriochloa

[more]

Euchlaena

[more]

Eulalia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[4] [more]

Hyparrhenia

[more]

Imperata

Imperata is a small genus of grasses known as satintails. Satintail grass species are perennial rhizomatous grasses native to the tropics and warm temperate regions worldwide. They bear solid, erect stems and silky inflorescences. The best known species is Imperata cylindrica, which is recognized as a devastating noxious weed in many places and cultivated as an ornamental plant in others. [more]

Ischaemum

Ischaemum is a genus of tropical grasses in the Poaceae family, with a distribution mainly in the Old World tropics of about 70 species. [more]

Iseilema

[more]

Loudetia

[more]

Melinis

Annuals or perennials. Culms tufted, often decumbent at the base. Leaf sheaths usually loose; leaf blades linear; ligule a ciliate rim. Inflorescence a panicle; pedicels slender, glabrous or with a few long hairs at the tip. Spikelets elliptic or oblong, laterally compressed, hairy or glabrous; lower glume small or absent; upper glume as long as spikelet, membranous to papery, 5-9-veined, acute, emarginate or 2-lobed, awned or awnless, sometimes gibbous on the back and tapering to a beak; lower floret staminate or neuter, lemma resembling the upper glume, 3-7-veined, palea with ciliate or scaberulous keels or absent; upper floret laterally compressed, membranous to thinly cartilaginous, readily deciduous. x = 9.[5] [more]

Miscanthus

Miscanthus is a genus of about 15 species of perennial grasses native to subtropical and tropical regions of Africa and southern Asia, with one species (M. sinensis) extending north into temperate eastern Asia. [more]

Neurachne

Oplismenus

Perennials or annuals. Culms trailing, ascending from a decumbent base, the internodes mostly with a villous line adaxial to the subtending leaf. Leaf blades ovate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, often with cross veins; ligule a ciliate membrane. Inflorescence composed of several unilateral racemes spaced along a central axis; racemes elongate or reduced to fascicles of a few spikelets, spikelets usually paired on short pedicels, the lowermost often reduced. Spikelets lanceolate to oblong, weakly dorsally or laterally compressed, florets 2; glumes subequal, 1/2-3/4 spikelet length, often pilose, the lower or both tipped by a viscid awn; lower lemma equaling the spikelet, acute to shortly awned, its palea absent or much reduced; upper lemma papery or subcoriaceous, smooth and shiny, acute, indistinctly crested. x = 9.[6] [more]

Ottochloa

Perennials. Culms tufted or rambling and stoloniferous. Leaf blades lanceolate; ligule membranous, truncate, ciliolate, or sometimes obscure. Inflorescence an open panicle, primary branches spaced along the central axis, spikelets borne on short secondary branches, singly or in appressed secondary racemelets. Spikelets dorsally compressed, 2-flowered; glumes similar, subequal, herbaceous, 1/2-2/3 spikelet length, 3-5(-7) -veined; lower floret herbaceous, sterile or staminate, its lemma as long as the spikelet, 7-9-veined; upper lemma as long as the spikelet, coriaceous to cartilaginous, flattened on the back, smooth or rugulose, margins narrow, hyaline, incurved upward. x = 9.[7] [more]

Panicum

Panicum is a large genus of about 450 species of grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone. They are large, annual or perennial grasses, growing to 1-3 m tall. [more]

Paspalidium

[more]

Paspalum

, Paspalum vaginatum

Paspalum is a genus of the grass family (Poaceae). Commonly known as paspalums, bahiagrasses or dallis grasses most are tall perennial American grasses. They are most diverse in subtropical and tropical regions. [more]

Pennisetum

Pennisetum is a genus of grasses in the grass family (Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae, tribe Paniceae), native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. They are large annual or perennial grasses, reaching 1-4 m tall. The genus includes a number of species grown for oramental purposes (such as Fountain Grass), as well as a type of millet, and a pasture form (Kikuyu Grass) originating from the highlands of Kenya. [more]

Phanopyrum

[more]

Saccharum

Sugarcane refers to any of six to 37 species (depending on which taxonomic system is used) of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae). Native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, they have stout jointed fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six metres (6 to 19 feet) tall. All sugar cane species interbreed, and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids. [more]

Sacciolepis

[more]

Schizachyrium

[more]

Setaria

Setaria is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Snowdenia

[more]

Sorghastrum

[more]

Sorghum

Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as fodder plants either cultivated or as part of pasture. The plants are cultivated in warmer climates worldwide. Species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of all continents in addition to Oceania and Australasia. [more]

Spinifex

Perennials, rhizomatous; dioecious or sometimes androdioecious. Leaf blades hard, linear to subulate-involute; ligule a line of hairs. Inflorescence terminal, compound, composed of many single racemes subtended by prophylls and spathate sheaths and condensed into a compact fascicle. Staminate inflorescence with exserted racemes bearing several spikelets and ending in a short point. Female or bisexual inflorescence stellately globose, falling entire, composed of numerous racemes reduced to a single basal spikelet hidden among subtending spathes, its rachis prolonged into a long needle-like spine. Spikelets dorsally compressed, staminate spikelets herbaceous, female spikelets papery. Staminate spikelet with shorter glumes and both florets staminate. Female spikelet with glumes equal to spikelet and lower floret sometimes paleate and staminate. Upper lemma in both slightly indurate with flat hyaline margins. x = 9.[8] [more]

Stenotaphrum

Annuals or perennials, stoloniferous. Leaf blades linear to narrowly lanceolate; ligule ciliate. Inflorescence of very short racemes bearing a few sessile spikelets; racemes arranged singly and sunk in pockets on one or both sides of a foliaceous or corky axis, variously disarticulating at maturity, raceme rachis ending in a point. Spikelets ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate; glumes both short or the upper equal to spikelet, membranous; lower floret staminate or neuter, lemma as long as the spikelet, usually coriaceous, rarely papery, smooth, acute; upper lemma slightly shorter than lower lemma, papery, rarely coriaceous, margins flat. x = 9.[9] [more]

Steyermarkochloa

Steyermarkochloa is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family. [more]

Themeda

Perennial or annual, often coarse. Culms tufted. Leaf sheaths keeled; leaf blades linear; ligule short, membranous or papery. Inflorescence a leafy compound panicle composed of short racemes; each raceme on a short peduncle subtended by a sheathing spatheole, loosely arranged or gathered into fan-shaped spathate fascicles. Raceme comprising 2 pairs of large sessile homogamous spikelets at base forming an involucre, with 1-2(-5) fertile pairs above and a terminal triad, these usually deciduous, rarely raceme shed as a whole; internodes and pedicels linear. Sessile spikelet subterete or dorsally compressed; callus mostly acute to pungent, sometimes obtuse, bearded; lower glume usually leathery, margins rounded, incurving, keeled only near apex, obtuse; upper glume awnless; lower floret reduced to a hyaline lemma; upper lemma stipitiform, entire, passing into a geniculate awn with pubescent column, occasionally awnless. Pedicelled spikelet mostly larger than sessile, narrowly lanceolate, resembling homogamous; callus slender, pedicel-like; true pedicel reduced. x = 10.[10] [more]

Thyridolepis

[more]

Tripsacum

[more]

Vetiveria

[more]

Zea

Zea refers to: [more]

At least 1,102 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zea.

More info about the Genus Zea may be found here.

Footnotes

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  1. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Brachiaria". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 500, 515, 520, 523, 524. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Chionachne". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 571, 649. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Coix". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 571, 648. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Eulalia&search=Search
  5. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Melinis". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 500, 539. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Oplismenus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 500, 501. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Ottochloa". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 500, 512. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Spinifex". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 499, 553. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Stenotaphrum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 499, 538. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Themeda". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 572, 633. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 20:09:36