Overview
The Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales. Along with the Asteraceae, it is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species, found in 880 genera.1][2] Selecting which of the two families is larger remains elusive because of the difficulties associated with putting hard species numbers on such enormous groups. Regardless, the number of orchid species equals more than twice the number of bird species, and about four times the number of mammal species. It also encompasses about 6?11% of all seed plants.[3] The largest genera are Bulbophyllum (2,000 species), Epidendrum (1,500 species), Dendrobium (1,400 species) and Pleurothallis (1,000 species).
The family also includes Vanilla (the genus of the vanilla plant), Orchis (type genus), and many commonly cultivated plants such as Phalaenopsis and Cattleya. Moreover, since the introduction of tropical species in the 19th century, horticulturists have produced more than 100,000 hybrids and cultivars.
Etymology
The name comes from the Greek ????? (?rkhis), literally meaning "testicle", because of the shape of the root.[4][5] Linnaeus categorized the family as Orchidaceae. Orchid was introduced in 1845 by John Lindley in School Botany, due to an incorrect attempt to extract the Latin st em (orchis) from Orchidaceae.
The Greek myth of Orchis explains the origin of the plants. Orchis, the son of a nymph and a satyr, came upon a festival of Dionysios (Bacchus) in the forest. He drank too much, and attempted to rape a priestess of Dionysios. For his insult, he was torn apart by the Bacchanalians. His father prayed for him to be restored, but the gods instead changed him into a flower.
These flowers were previously called Orchis, Satyrion (Satyrion feminina), or "ballockwort".
Distribution
Orchidaceae are cosmopolitan, occurring in almost every habitat apart from glaciers. The world's richest concentration of orchid varieties is found in the Himalayan region of Nepal. The great majority are to be found in the tropics, mostly Asia, South America and Central America, but they are also found above the Arctic Circle, in southern Patagonia, and even two species of Nematoceras on Macquarie Island, close to Antarctica.
The following list gives a rough overview of their distribution:
- tropical Asia: 260 to 300 genera
- tropical America: 250 to 212 genera
- tropical Africa: 230 to 270 genera
- Oceania: 50 to 70 genera
- Europe and temperate Asia: 40 to 60 genera
- North America: 20 to 26 genera
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of this family is in constant flux, as new studies continue to identify more classificatory elements. The Orchidaceae is currently placed in the order Asparagales by the APG III system of 2009.
Five subfamilies are recognised. The cladogram has been made according to the APG system:
Characteristics
Orchids are easily distinguished from other plants, as they share some very evident apomorphies. Among these are: bilateral symmetry (zygomorphism), many resupinate flowers, a nearly always highly modified petal (labellum), fused stamens and carpels, and extremely small seeds.
Stem and roots
All orchids are perennial herbs, lack any permanent woody structure, and can grow according to two patterns:
- Monopodial: The stem grows from a single bud, leaves are added from the apex each year and the stem grows longer accordingly. The stem of orchids with a monopodial growth can reach several metres in length, as in Vanda and Vanilla.
- Sympodial: The plant produces a series of adjacent shoots which grow to a certain size, bloom and then stop growing, to be then replaced. Sympodial orchids grow laterally rather than vertically, following the surface of their support. The growth continues by development of new leads, with their own leaves and roots, sprouting from or next to those of the previous year, as in Cattleya. While a new lead is developing, the rhizome may start its growth again from a so-called 'eye', an undeveloped bud, thereby branching.
Terrestrial orchids may be rhizomatous or form corms or tubers. The root caps of terrestrials are smooth and white.
Some sympodial terrestrials, such as Orchis and Ophrys, have two subterranean tuberous roots. One is used as a food reserve for wintry periods, and provides for the development of the other one, from which visible growth develops.
In warm and humid climates, many terrestrial orchids do not need pseudobulbs.
Epiphytic orchids have modified aerial roots that can sometimes be a few meters long. In the older parts of the roots, a modified spongy epidermis, called velamen, has the function to absorb humidity. It is made of dead cells and can have a silvery-grey, white or brown appearance. In some orchids, the velamen includes spongy and fibrous bodies near the passage cells, called tilosomes.
The cells of the root epidermis grow at a right angle to the axis of the root to allow them to get a firm grasp on their support. Nutrients mainly come from animal droppings and other organic detritus on their supporting surfaces.
The base of the stem of sympodial epiphytes, or in some species essentially the entire stem, may be thickened to form a pseudobulb that contains nutrients and water for drier periods.
The pseudobulb has a smooth surface with lengthwise grooves, and can have different shapes, often conical or oblong. Its size is very variable; in some small species of Bulbophyllum, it is no longer than two millimeters, while in the largest orchid in the world, Grammatophyllum speciosum (giant orchid), it can reach three meters. Some Dendrobium species have long, canelike pseudobulbs with short, rounded leaves over the whole length; some other orchids have hidden or extremely small pseudobulbs, completely included inside the leaves.
With ageing, the pseudobulb sheds its leaves and becomes dormant. At this stage it is often called a backbulb. A pseudobulb then takes over, exploiting the last reserves accumulated in the backbulb, which eventually dies off, too. A pseudobulb typically lives for about five years.
Leaves
Like most monocots, orchids generally have simple leaves with parallel veins, although some Vanilloideae have a reticulate venation. Leaves may be ovate, lanceolate, or orbiculate, and very variable in size. Their characteristics are often diagnostic. They are normally alternate on the stem, often plicate, and have no stipules. Orchid leaves often have siliceous bodies called stegmata in the vascular bundle sheaths (not present in the Orchidoideae) and are fibrous.
The structure of the leaves corresponds to the specific habitat of the plant. Species that typically bask in sunlight, or grow on sites which can be occasionally very dry, have thick, leathery leaves and the laminae are covered by a waxy cuticle to retain their necessary water supply. Shade species, on the other hand, have long, thin leaves.
The leaves of most orchids are perennial, that is, they live for several years, while others, especially those with plicate leaves, shed them annually and develop new leaves together with new pseudobulbs, as in Catasetum.
The leaves of some orchids are considered ornamental. The leaves of the Macodes sanderiana, a semiterrestrial or lithophyte, show a sparkling silver and gold veining on a light green background. The cordate leaves of Psychopsiella limminghei are light brownish-green with maroon-puce markings, created by flower pigments. The attractive mottle of the leaves of lady's slippers from tropical and subtropical Asia (Paphiopedilum), is caused by uneven distribution of chlorophyll. Also, Phalaenopsis schilleriana is a pastel pink orchid with leaves spotted dark green and light green. The jewel orchid (Ludisia discolor) is grown more for its colorful leaves than its white flowers.
Some orchids, as Dendrophylax lindenii (ghost orchid), Aphyllorchis and Taeniophyllum depend on their green roots for photosynthesis and lack normally developed leaves, as do all of the heterotrophic species.
Orchids of the genus Corallorhiza (coralroot orchids) lack leaves altogether and instead wrap their roots around the roots of mature trees and use specialized fungi to harvest sugars.[6]
Flowers
Orchidaceae are well known for the many structural variations in their flowers.
Some orchids have single flowers, but most have a racemose inflorescence, sometimes with a large number of flowers. The flowering stem can be basal, that is, produced from the base of the tuber, like in Cymbidium, apical, meaning it grows from the apex of the main stem, like in Cattleya, or axillary, from the leaf axil, as in Vanda.
As an apomorphy of the clade, orchid flowers are primitively zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical), although in some genera like Mormodes, Ludisia and Macodes, this kind of symmetry may be difficult to notice.
The orchid flower, like most flowers of monocots, has two whorls of sterile elements. The outer whorl has three sepals and the inner whorl has three petals. The sepals are usually very similar to the petals (and thus called tepals, 1), but may be completely distinct.
The upper medial petal, called the labellum or lip (6), is always modified and enlarged. The inferior ovary (7) or the pedicel usually rotates 180 degrees, so that the labellum, goes on the lower part of the flower, thus becoming suitable to form a platform for pollinators. This characteristic, called resupination, occurs primitively in the family and is considered apomorphic (the torsion of the ovary is very evident from the picture). Some orchids have secondarily lost this resupination, e. g. Zygopetalum and Epidendrum secundum.
The normal form of the sepals can be found in Cattleya, where they form a triangle. In Paphiopedilum (Venus slippers), the lower two sepals are fused into a synsepal, while the lip has taken the form of a slipper. In Masdevallia, all the sepals are fused.
Orchid flowers with abnormal numbers of petals or lips are called peloric. Peloria is a genetic trait, but its expression is environmentally influenced and may appear random.
Orchid flowers primitively had three stamens, but this situation is now limited to the genus Neuwiedia. Apostasia and the Cypripedioideae have two stamens, the central one being sterile and reduced to a staminode. All of the other orchids, the clade called Monandria, retain only the central stamen, the others being reduced to staminodes (4). The filaments of the stamens are always adnate (fused) to the style to form cylindrical structure called the gynostemium or column (2). In the primitive Apostasioideae, this fusion is only partial; in the Vanilloideae, it is more deep; in Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae, it is total. The stigma (9) is very asymmetrical, as all of its lobes are bent towards the centre of the flower and lay on the bottom of the column.
Pollen is released as single grains, like in most other plants, in the Apostasioideae, Cypripedioideae and Vanilloideae. In the other subfamilies, that comprise the great majority of orchids, the anther (3), carries and two pollinia.
A pollinium is a waxy mass of pollen grains held together by the glue-like alkaloid viscin, containing both cellulosic strands and mucopolysaccharides. Each pollinium is connected to a filament which can take the form of a caudicle, as in Dactylorhiza or Habenaria, or a stipe, as in Vanda. Caudicles or stipes hold the pollinia to the viscidium, a sticky pad which sticks the pollinia to the body of pollinators.
At the upper edge of the stigma of single-anthered orchids, in front of the anther cap, there is the rostellum (5), a slender extension involved in the complex pollination mechanism.
As aforementioned, the ovary is always inferior (located behind the flower). It is three-carpelate and one or, more rarely, three-partitioned, with parietal placentation (axile in the Apostasioideae).
In 2011, a member of the genus Bulbophyllum, Bulbophyllum nocturnum, was discovered to flower nocturnally.[7]
Fruits and seeds
The ovary typically develops into a capsule that is dehiscent by three or six longitudinal slits, while remaining closed at both ends. The ripening of a capsule can take two to 18 months.
The seeds are generally almost microscopic and very numerous, in some species over a million per capsule. After ripening, they blow off like dust particles or spores. They lack endosperm and must enter symbiotic relationships with various mycorrhizal basidiomyceteous fungi that provide them the necessary nutrients to germinate, so that all orchid species are mycoheterotrophic during germination and reliant upon fungi to complete their lifecycles.
As the chance for a seed to meet a fitting fungus is very small, only a minute fraction of all the seeds released grow into adult plants. In cultivation, germination typically takes weeks, while there is a report of one paphiopedilum that took fifteen years.
Horticultural techniques have been devised for germinating seeds on a nutrient-containing gel, eliminating the requirement of the fungus for germination, greatly aiding the propagation of ornamental orchids.
The main component for the sowing of orchids in artificial conditions is the agar agar. The substance is put together with some type of carbohydrate (actually, some kind of glucose) which provides qualitative organic feed. Such substance may be banana, pineapple, peach or even tomato puree or coconut milk. After the "cooking" of the agar agar (it has to be cooked in sterile conditions), the mix is poured into test tubes or jars where the substance begins to gel.
Reproduction
Pollination
The complex mechanisms which orchids have evolved to achieve cross-pollination were investigated by Charles Darwin and described in his 1862 book Fertilisation of Orchids. Orchids have developed highly specialized pollination systems, thus the chances of being pollinated are often scarce, so orchid flowers usually remain receptive for very long periods, and most orchids deliver pollen in a single mass. Each time pollination succeeds, thousands of ovules can be fertilized.
Pollinators are often visually attracted by the shape and colors of the labellum. The flowers may produce attractive odours. Although absent in most species, nectar may be produced in a spur (8) of the labellum, on the point of the sepals or in the septa of the ovary, the most typical position amongst the Asparagales.
In orchids that produce pollinia, pollination happens as some variant of the following. When the pollinator enters into the flower, it touches a viscidium, which promptly sticks to its body, generally on the head or abdomen. While leaving the flower, it pulls the pollinium out of the anther, as it is connected to the viscidium by the caudicle or stipe. The caudicle then bends and the pollinium is moved forwards and downwards. When the pollinator enters another flower of the same species, the pollinium has taken such position that it will stick to the stigma of the second flower, just below the rostellum, pollinating it. The possessors of orchids may be able to reproduce the process with a pencil, small paintbrush, or other similar device.
Some orchids mainly or totally rely on self-pollination, especially in colder regions where pollinators are particularly rare. The caudicles may dry up if the flower has not been visited by any pollinator, and the pollinia then fall directly on the stigma. Otherwise, the anther may rotate and then enter the stigma cavity of the flower (as in Holcoglossum amesianum).
The labellum of the Cypripedioideae is poke-shaped, and has the function to trap visiting insects. The only exit leads to the anthers that deposit pollen on the visitor.
In some extremely specialized orchids, such as the Eurasian genus Ophrys, the labellum is adapted to have a color, shape and odour which attracts male insects via mimicry of a receptive female. Pollination happens as the insect attempts to mate with flowers.
Many neotropical orchids are pollinated by male orchid bees, which visit the flowers to gather volatile chemicals they require to synthesize pheromonal attractants. Each type of orchid places the pollinia on a different body part of a different species of bee, so as to enforce proper cross-pollination.
An underground orchid in Australia, Rhizanthella slateri, is never exposed to light, and depends on ants and other terrestrial insects to pollinate it.
Catasetum, a genus discussed briefly by Darwin, actually launches its viscid pollinia with explosive force when an insect touches a seta, knocking the pollinator off the flower.
After pollination, the sepals and petals fade and wilt, but they usually remain attached to the ovary.
Asexual reproduction
Some species, such as Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium and Vanda, produce offshoots or plantlets formed from one of the nodes along the stem, through the accumulation of growth hormones at that point. These shoots are known as keiki.
Evolution
A study in the scientific journal Nature [8] has hypothesized that the origin of orchids goes back much longer than originally expected. An extinct species of stingless bee, Proplebeia dominicana, was found trapped in Miocene amber from about 15-20 million years ago. The bee was carrying pollen of a previously unknown orchid taxon, Meliorchis caribea, on its wings. This find is the first evidence of fossilised orchids to date.[8] The extinct orchid M. caribea has been placed within the extant tribe Cranichideae , subtribe Goodyerinae (subfamily Orchidoideae).
This indicates orchids may have arisen 76 to 84 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous. In other words, they may have coexisted with dinosaurs. It also shows insects were active pollinators of orchids then. According to Chase et al. (2001), the overall biogeography and phylogenetic patterns of Orchidaceae show they are even older and may go back roughly 100 million years.[9]
Using the molecular clock method, it was possible to determine the age of the major branches of the orchid family. This also confirmed that the subfamily Vanilloideae is a branch at the basal dichotomy of the monandrous orchids, and must have evolved very early in the evolution of the family. Since this genus occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, from tropical America to tropical Asia, New Guinea and West Africa, and the continents began to split about 100 million years ago, significant biotic exchange must have occurred after this split (since the age of Vanilla is estimated at 60 to 70 million years).
Ecology
A majority of orchids are perennial epiphytes, which grow anchored to trees or shrubs in the tropics and subtropics. Species such as Angraecum sororium are lithophytes,[10] growing on rocks or very rocky soil. Other orchids (including the majority of temperate Orchidaceae) are terrestrial and can be found in habitat areas such as grasslands or forest.
Some orchids, such as Neottia and Corallorhiza, lack chlorophyll, so are unable to photosynthesize. Instead, these species obtain energy and nutrients by parasitising soil fungi through the formation of orchid mycorrhizas. The fungi involved include those that form ectomycorrhizas with trees and other woody plants, parasites such as A rmillaria, and saprotrophs.[11] These orchids are known as myco-heterotrophs, but were formerly (incorrectly) described as saprophytes due to the belief that they gained their nutrition by breaking down organic matter. While only a few species are achlorophyllous holoparasites, all orchids are myco-heterotrophic during germination and seedling growth, and even photosynthetic adult plants may continue to obtain carbon from their mycorrhizal fungi.
Uses
The scent of orchids is frequently analysed by perfumers (using headspace technology and gas-liquid chromatography) to identify potential fragrance chemicals.
The other important use of orchids is their cultivation for the enjoyment of the flowers. Most cultivated orchids are tropical or subtropical, but quite a few which grow in colder climates can be found on the market. Temperate species available at nurseries inclu de Ophrys apifera (bee orchid), Gymnadenia conopsea (fragrant orchid), Anacamptis pyramidalis (pyramidal orchid) and Dactylorhiza fuchsii (common spotted orchid).
Orchids of all types have also often been sought by collectors of both species and hybrids. As such, many hundreds of societies and clubs worldwide have been established. These can be small, local clubs such as the Sutherland Shire Orchid Society, or larger, national organizations such as the American Orchid Society. Both serve to encourage cultivation and collection of orchids, but some go further by concentrating on conservation or research.
The term "botanical orchid" loosely denotes those small-flowered, tropical orchids belonging to several genera (not necessarily related to each other) that do not fit into the "florist" orchid category. A few of these genera contain enormous numbers of species. Some, such as Pleurothallis and Bulbophyllum, contain approximately 1700 and 2000 species, respectively, and are often extremely vegetatively diverse. The primary use of the term is among orchid hobbyists wishing to describe unusual species they grow, though it is also used to distinguish naturally occurring orchid species from horticulturally created hybrids.
Use as Food
The dried seed pods of one orchid genus, Vanilla, are commercially important as flavoring in baking, for perfume manufacture and aromatherapy.
The underground tubers of terrestrial orchids [mainly Orchis mascula (early purple orchid)] are ground to a powder and used for cooking, such as in the hot beverage salep or in the Turkish frozen treat dondurma. The name salep has been claimed to come from the Arabic expression ?asyu al-tha`lab, "fox testicles", but it appears more likely the name comes directly from the Arabic name sa?lab?. The similarity in appearance to testes naturally accounts for salep being considered an aphrodisiac.
The dried leaves of Jumellea fragrans are used to flavor rum on Reunion Island.
Some saprophytic orchid species of the group Gastrodia produce potato like tubers and were consumed as food by native peoples in Australia and can be successfully cultivated, notably Gastrodia sesamoides. Wild stands of these plants can still be found in the same areas as early aboriginal settlements, such as Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in Australia. Aboriginal peoples located the plants in habitat by observing where bandicoots had scratched in search of the tubers after detecting the plants
underground by scent. [12]
Traditional medicinal uses
Orchids have been used in traditional medicine in an effort to treat many diseases and ailments. They have been used as a source of herbal remedies in China since 2800 BC. Gastrodia elata is one of the three orchids listed in the earliest known Chinese Materia Medica (Shennon bencaojing) (c. 100 AD). Theophrastus mentions orchids in his Enquiry into Plants (372?286 BC).
In the recent years, a number of studies have been published on anticancer activity of the chemical moscatilin, which is found in the stems of the orchid species Dendrobrium.[13]
Symbolism
Orchids have many associations with symbolic values. For example, the orchid is the City Flower of Shaoxing, Chin a.
In Chinese culture, the bamboo, plum blossom, orchid, and chrysanthemum (often known as m?i l?n zh? j? ????) are collectively referred to as the Four Gentlemen. These four plants also represent the four seasons and, in Confucian ideology, four aspects of the junzi ("prince" or "noble one").[citation needed]
Genera
The following are amongst the most notable genera of the orchid family:
Gallery
Corallorhiza maculata, a myco-heterotroph
Cephalanthera longifolia, a terrestrial orchid
Leaves of different species of orchids
Habenaria radiata - note the lip
Pterostylis coccinea, a highly specialized shape
Neuwiedia griffithii, Apostasioideae - note the three normal stamens
Cypripedium acaule has two stamens. One can be seen from the picture, the other is on the other side.
Ophrys insectifera
Catasetum fimbriatum - the seta is evident.
Holcoglossum kimballianum
Spiranthes spiralis
Vanilla plant (the climber)
Bulbophyllum putidum
Cattleya intermedia
Cultivated Epidendrum ciliare
Dracula vampira
Rossioglossum grande
Listera ovata, a less showy orchid
Vanda tricolor var. suavis
Oncidium papilio
Vuylstekeara- 'Cambria', an intergeneric cultivar
Phalaenopsis hybrid
Orchids at a flower show in Tatton Park, Cheshire, England, 24 July 2008
Renanthera storei
Neottia nidus-avis, a myco-heterotroph
Cattleya aclandiae - there is the typical zygomorphic flower with three, petal-like sepals (top, lower right, lower left), two normal petals on either side and the labellum.
An orchid leaf
Orchid on display at American Orchid Society, Delray Beach
Purple orchids at American Orchid Society, Delray Beach, FL
Orchid at American Orchid Society, Delray Beach
See also
- Adaptation., a movie based on The Orchid Thief
- American Orchid Society
- Distribution of orchid species
- Italian Group for Research on Wild Orchid
- Lantingji Xu, introduction to the Orchid Pavilion Collection from Fourth Century China
- Moyobamba, known as the 'City of Orchids', which has some 3,500 species of orchid native to the area
- Nero Wolfe, a fictional detective and orchidophile
- Orchid Pavilion Gathering
- Orchidelirium the Victorian era of flower madness in which collecting and discovering orchids reached extraordinary levels
- Shangsi Festival
- The Orchid Thief, a nonfiction book written by Susan Orlean
Terrestrial orchids may be rhizomatous or form corms or tubers. The root caps of terrestrials are smooth and white.
Some sympodial terrestrials, such as Orchis and Ophrys, have two subterranean tuberous roots. One is used as a food reserve for wintry periods, and provides for the development of the other one, from which visible growth develops.
In warm and humid climates, many terrestrial orchids do not need pseudobulbs.
Epiphytic orchids have modified aerial roots that can sometimes be a few meters long. In the older parts of the roots, a modified spongy epidermis, called velamen, has the function to absorb humidity. It is made of dead cells and can have a silvery-grey, white or brown appearance. In some orchids, the velamen includes spongy and fibrous bodies near the passage cells, called tilosomes.
The cells of the root epidermis grow at a right angle to the axis of the root to allow them to get a firm grasp on their support. Nutrients mainly come from animal droppings and other organic detritus on their supporting surfaces.
The base of the stem of sympodial epiphytes, or in some species essentially the entire stem, may be thickened to form a pseudobulb that contains nutrients and water for drier periods.
The pseudobulb has a smooth surface with lengthwise grooves, and can have different shapes, often conical or oblong. Its size is very variable; in some small species of Bulbophyllum, it is no longer than two millimeters, while in the largest orchid in the world, Grammatophyllum speciosum (giant orchid), it can reach three meters. Some Dendrobium species have long, canelike pseudobulbs with short, rounded leaves over the whole length; some other orchids have hidden or extremely small pseudobulbs, completely included inside the leaves.
With ageing, the pseudobulb sheds its leaves and becomes dormant. At this stage it is often called a backbulb. A pseudobulb then takes over, exploiting the last reserves accumulated in the backbulb, which eventually dies off, too. A pseudobulb typically lives for about five years.
Leaves
Like most monocots, orchids generally have simple leaves with parallel veins, although some Vanilloideae have a reticulate venation. Leaves may be ovate, lanceolate, or orbiculate, and very variable in size. Their characteristics are often diagnostic. They are normally alternate on the stem, often plicate, and have no stipules. Orchid leaves often have siliceous bodies called stegmata in the vascular bundle sheaths (not present in the Orchidoideae) and are fibrous.
The structure of the leaves corresponds to the specific habitat of the plant. Species that typically bask in sunlight, or grow on sites which can be occasionally very dry, have thick, leathery leaves and the laminae are covered by a waxy cuticle to retain their necessary water supply. Shade species, on the other hand, have long, thin leaves.
The leaves of most orchids are perennial, that is, they live for several years, while others, especially those with plicate leaves, shed them annually and develop new leaves together with new pseudobulbs, as in Catasetum.
The leaves of some orchids are considered ornamental. The leaves of the Macodes sanderiana, a semiterrestrial or lithophyte, show a sparkling silver and gold veining on a light green background. The cordate leaves of Psychopsiella limminghei are light brownish-green with maroon-puce markings, created by flower pigments. The attractive mottle of the leaves of lady's slippers from tropical and subtropical Asia (Paphiopedilum), is caused by uneven distribution of chlorophyll. Also, Phalaenopsis schilleriana is a pastel pink orchid with leaves spotted dark green and light green. The jewel orchid (Ludisia discolor) is grown more for its colorful leaves than its white flowers.
Some orchids, as Dendrophylax lindenii (ghost orchid), Aphyllorchis and Taeniophyllum depend on their green roots for photosynthesis and lack normally developed leaves, as do all of the heterotrophic species.
Orchids of the genus Corallorhiza (coralroot orchids) lack leaves altogether and instead wrap their roots around the roots of mature trees and use specialized fungi to harvest sugars.[6]
Flowers
Orchidaceae are well known for the many structural variations in their flowers.
Some orchids have single flowers, but most have a racemose inflorescence, sometimes with a large number of flowers. The flowering stem can be basal, that is, produced from the base of the tuber, like in Cymbidium, apical, meaning it grows from the apex of the main stem, like in Cattleya, or axillary, from the leaf axil, as in Vanda.
As an apomorphy of the clade, orchid flowers are primitively zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical), although in some genera like Mormodes, Ludisia and Macodes, this kind of symmetry may be difficult to notice.
The orchid flower, like most flowers of monocots, has two whorls of sterile elements. The outer whorl has three sepals and the inner whorl has three petals. The sepals are usually very similar to the petals (and thus called tepals, 1), but may be completely distinct.
The upper medial petal, called the labellum or lip (6), is always modified and enlarged. The inferior ovary (7) or the pedicel usually rotates 180 degrees, so that the labellum, goes on the lower part of the flower, thus becoming suitable to form a platform for pollinators. This characteristic, called resupination, occurs primitively in the family and is considered apomorphic (the torsion of the ovary is very evident from the picture). Some orchids have secondarily lost this resupination, e. g. Zygopetalum and Epidendrum secundum.
The normal form of the sepals can be found in Cattleya, where they form a triangle. In Paphiopedilum (Venus slippers), the lower two sepals are fused into a synsepal, while the lip has taken the form of a slipper. In Masdevallia, all the sepals are fused.
Orchid flowers with abnormal numbers of petals or lips are called peloric. Peloria is a genetic trait, but its expression is environmentally influenced and may appear random.
Orchid flowers primitively had three stamens, but this situation is now limited to the genus Neuwiedia. Apostasia and the Cypripedioideae have two stamens, the central one being sterile and reduced to a staminode. All of the other orchids, the clade called Monandria, retain only the central stamen, the others being reduced to staminodes (4). The filaments of the stamens are always adnate (fused) to the style to form cylindrical structure called the gynostemium or column (2). In the primitive Apostasioideae, this fusion is only partial; in the Vanilloideae, it is more deep; in Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae, it is total. The stigma (9) is very asymmetrical, as all of its lobes are bent towards the centre of the flower and lay on the bottom of the column.
Pollen is released as single grains, like in most other plants, in the Apostasioideae, Cypripedioideae and Vanilloideae. In the other subfamilies, that comprise the great majority of orchids, the anther (3), carries and two pollinia.
A pollinium is a waxy mass of pollen grains held together by the glue-like alkaloid viscin, containing both cellulosic strands and mucopolysaccharides. Each pollinium is connected to a filament which can take the form of a caudicle, as in Dactylorhiza or Habenaria, or a stipe, as in Vanda. Caudicles or stipes hold the pollinia to the viscidium, a sticky pad which sticks the pollinia to the body of pollinators.
At the upper edge of the stigma of single-anthered orchids, in front of the anther cap, there is the rostellum (5), a slender extension involved in the complex pollination mechanism.
As aforementioned, the ovary is always inferior (located behind the flower). It is three-carpelate and one or, more rarely, three-partitioned, with parietal placentation (axile in the Apostasioideae).
In 2011, a member of the genus Bulbophyllum, Bulbophyllum nocturnum, was discovered to flower nocturnally.[7]
Fruits and seeds
The ovary typically develops into a capsule that is dehiscent by three or six longitudinal slits, while remaining closed at both ends. The ripening of a capsule can take two to 18 months.
The seeds are generally almost microscopic and very numerous, in some species over a million per capsule. After ripening, they blow off like dust particles or spores. They lack endosperm and must enter symbiotic relationships with various mycorrhizal basidiomyceteous fungi that provide them the necessary nutrients to germinate, so that all orchid species are mycoheterotrophic during germination and reliant upon fungi to complete their lifecycles.
As the chance for a seed to meet a fitting fungus is very small, only a minute fraction of all the seeds released grow into adult plants. In cultivation, germination typically takes weeks, while there is a report of one paphiopedilum that took fifteen years.
Horticultural techniques have been devised for germinating seeds on a nutrient-containing gel, eliminating the requirement of the fungus for germination, greatly aiding the propagation of ornamental orchids.
The main component for the sowing of orchids in artificial conditions is the agar agar. The substance is put together with some type of carbohydrate (actually, some kind of glucose) which provides qualitative organic feed. Such substance may be banana, pineapple, peach or even tomato puree or coconut milk. After the "cooking" of the agar agar (it has to be cooked in sterile conditions), the mix is poured into test tubes or jars where the substance begins to gel.
Reproduction
Pollination
The complex mechanisms which orchids have evolved to achieve cross-pollination were investigated by Charles Darwin and described in his 1862 book Fertilisation of Orchids. Orchids have developed highly specialized pollination systems, thus the chances of being pollinated are often scarce, so orchid flowers usually remain receptive for very long periods, and most orchids deliver pollen in a single mass. Each time pollination succeeds, thousands of ovules can be fertilized.
Pollinators are often visually attracted by the shape and colors of the labellum. The flowers may prod uce attractive odours. Although absent in most species, nectar may be produced in a spur (8) of the labellum, on the point of the sepals or in the septa of the ovary, the most typical position amongst the Asparagales.
In orchids that produce pollinia, pollination happens as some variant of the following. When the pollinator enters into the flower, it touches a viscidium, which promptly sticks to its body, generally on the head or abdomen. While leaving the flower, it pulls the pollinium out of the anther, as it is connected to the viscidium by the caudicle or stipe. The caudicle then bends and the pollinium is moved forwards and downwards. When the pollinator enters another flower of the same species, the pollinium has taken such position that it will stick to the stigma of the second flower, just below the rostellum, pollinating it. The possessors of orchids may be able to reproduce the process with a pencil, small paintbrush, or other similar device.
Some orchids mainly or totally rely on self-pollination, especially in colder regions where pollinators are particularly rare. The caudicles may dry up if the flower has not been visited by any pollinator, and the pollinia then fall directly on the stigma. Otherwise, the anther may rotate and then enter the stigma cavity of the flower (as in Holcoglossum amesianum).
The labellum of the Cypripedioideae is poke-shaped, and has the function to trap visiting insects. The only exit leads to the anthers that deposit pollen on the visitor.
In some extremely specialized orchids, such as the Eurasian genus Ophrys, the labellum is adapted to have a color, shape and odour which attracts male insects via mimicry of a receptive female. Pollination happens as the insect attempts to mate with flowers.
Many neotropical orchids are pollinated by male orchid bees, which visit the flowers to gather volatile chemicals they require to synthesize pheromonal attractants. Each type of orchid places the pollinia on a different body part of a different species of bee, so as to enforce proper cross-pollination.
An underground orchid in Australia, Rhizanthella slateri, is never exposed to light, and depends on ants and other terrestrial insects to pollinate it.
Catasetum, a genus discussed briefly by Darwin, actually launches its viscid pollinia with explosive force when an insect touches a seta, knocking the pollinator off the flower.
After pollination, the sepals and petals fade and wilt, but they usually remain attached to the ovary.
Asexual reproduction
Some species, such as Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium and Vanda, produce offshoots or plantlets formed from one of the nodes along the stem, through the accumulation of growth hormones at that point. These shoots are known as keiki.
Evolution
A study in the scientific journal Nature [8] has hypothesized that the origin of orchids goes back much longer than originally expected. An extinct species of stingless bee, Proplebeia dominicana, was found trapped in Miocene amber from about 15-20 million years ago. The bee was carrying pollen of a previously unknown orchid taxon, Meliorchis caribea, on its wings. This find is the first evidence of fossilised orchids to date.[8] The extinct orchid M. caribea has been placed w ithin the extant tribe Cranichideae, subtribe Goodyerinae (subfamily Orchidoideae).
This indicates orchids may have arisen 76 to 84 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous. In other words, they may have coexisted with dinosaurs. It also shows insects were active pollinators of orchids then. According to Chase et al. (2001), the overall biogeography and phylogenetic patterns of Orchidaceae show they are even older and may go back roughly 100 million years.[9]
Using the molecular clock method, it was possible to determine the age of the major branches of the orchid family. This also confirmed that the subfamily Vanilloideae is a branch at the basal dichotomy of the monandrous orchids, and must have evolved very early in the evolution of the family. Since this genus occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, from tropical America to tropical Asia, New Guinea and West Africa, and the continents began to split about 100 million years ago, significant biotic exchange must have occurred after this split (since the age of Vanilla is estimated at 60 to 70 million years).
Ecology
A majority of orchids are perennial epiphytes, which grow anchored to trees or shrubs in the tropics and subtropics. Species such as Angraecum sororium are lithophytes,[10] growing on rocks or very rocky soil. Other orchids (including the majority of temperate Orchidaceae) are terrestrial and can be found in habitat areas such as grasslands or forest.
Some orchids, such as Neottia and Corallorhiza, lack chlorophyll, so are unable to photosynthesize. Instead, these species obtain energy and nutrients by parasitising soil fungi through the formation of orchid mycorrhizas. The fungi involved include those that form ectomycorrhizas with trees and other woody plants, parasites such as Armillaria, and saprotrophs.[11] These orchids are known as myco-heterotrophs, but were formerly (incorrectly) described as saprophytes due to the belief that they gained their nutrition by breaking down organic matter. While only a few species are achlorophyllous holoparasites, all orchids are myco-heterotrophic during germination and seedling growth, and even photosynthetic adult plants may continue to obtain carbon from their mycorrhizal fungi.
Uses
The scent of orchids is frequently analysed by perfumers (using headspace technology and gas-liquid chromatography) to identify potential fragrance chemicals.
The other important use of orchids is their cultivation for the enjoyment of the flowers. Most cultivated orchids are tropical or subtropical, but quite a few which grow in colder climates can be found on the market. Temper ate species available at nurseries include Ophrys apifera (bee orchid), Gymnadenia conopsea (fragrant orchid), Anacamptis pyramidalis (pyramidal orchid) and Dactylorhiza fuchsii (common spotted orchid).
Orchids of all types have also often been sought by collectors of both species and hybrids. As such, many hundreds of societies and clubs worldwide have been established. These can be small, local clubs such as the Sutherland Shire Orchid Society, or larger, national organizations such as the American Orchid Society. Both serve to encourage cultivation and collection of orchids, but some go further by concentrating on conservation or research.
The term "botanical orchid" loosely denotes those small-flowered, tropical orchids belonging to several genera (not necessarily related to each other) that do not fit into the "florist" orchid category. A few of these genera contain enormous numbers of species. Some, such as Pleurothallis and Bulbophyllum, contain approximately 1700 and 2000 species, respectively, and are often extremely vegetatively diverse. The primary use of the term is among orchid hobbyists wishing to describe unusual species they grow, though it is also used to distinguish naturally occurring orchid species from horticulturally created hybrids.
Use as Food
The dried seed pods of one orchid genus, Vanilla, are commercially important as flavoring in baking, for perfume manufacture and aromatherapy.
The underground tubers of terrestrial orchids [mainly Orchis mascula (early purple orchid)] are ground to a powder and used for cooking, such as in the hot beverage salep or in the Turkish frozen treat dondurma. The name salep has been claimed to come from the Arabic expression ?asyu al-tha`lab, "fox testicles", but it appears more likely the name comes directly from the Arabic name sa?lab?. The similarity in appearance to testes naturally accounts for salep being considered an aphrodisiac.
The dried leaves of Jumellea fragrans are used to flavor rum on Reunion Island.
Some saprophytic orchid species of the group Gastrodia produce potato like tubers and were consumed as food by native peoples in Australia and can be successfully cultivated, notably Gastrodia sesamoides. Wild stands of these plants can still be found in the same areas as early aboriginal settlements, such as Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in Australia. Aboriginal peoples located the plants in habitat by observing where bandicoots had scratched in search of the tubers after
detecting the plants underground by scent. [12]
Traditional medicinal uses
Orchids have been used in traditional medicine in an effort to treat many diseases and ailments. They have been used as a source of herbal remedies in China since 2800 BC. Gastrodia elata is one of the three orchids listed in the earliest known Chinese Materia Medica (Shennon bencaojing) (c. 100 AD). Theophrastus mentions orchids in his Enquiry into Plants (372?286 BC).
In the recent years, a number of studies have been published on anticancer activity of the chemical moscatilin, which is found in the stems of the orchid species Dendrobrium.[13]
Symbolism
Orchids have many associations with symbolic values. For example, the orchid is the City Flo wer of Shaoxing, China.
In Chinese culture, the bamboo, plum blossom, orchid, and chrysanthemum (often known as m?i l?n zh? j? ????) are collectively referred to as the Four Gentlemen. These four plants also represent the four seasons and, in Confucian ideology, four aspects of the junzi ("prince" or "noble one").[citation needed]
Genera
The following are amongst the most notable genera of the orchid family:
Gallery
Corallorhiza maculata, a myco-heterotroph
Cephalanthera longifolia, a terrestrial orchid
Leaves of different species of orchids
Habenaria radiata - note the lip
Pterostylis coccinea, a highly specialized shape
Neuwiedia griffithii, Apostasioideae - note the three normal stamens
Cypripedium acaule has two stamens. One can be seen from the picture, the other is on the other side.
Ophrys insectifera
Catasetum fimbriatum - the seta is evident.
Holcoglossum kimballianum
Spiranthes spiralis
Vanilla plant (the climber)
Bulbophyllum putidum
Cattleya intermedia
Cultivated Epidendrum ciliare
Dracula vampira
Rossioglossum grande
Listera ovata, a less showy orchid
Vanda tricolor var. suavis
Oncidium papilio
Vuylstekeara- 'Cambria', an intergeneric cultivar
Phalaenopsis hybrid
Orchids at a flower show in Tatton Park, Cheshire, England, 24 July 2008
Renanthera storei
Neottia nidus-avis, a myco-heterotroph
Cattleya aclandiae - there is the typical zygomorphic flower with three, petal-like sepals (top, lower right, lower left), two normal petals on either side and the labellum.
An orchid leaf
Orchid on display at American Orchid Society, Delray Beach
Purple orchids at American Orchid Society, Delray Beach, FL
Orchid at American Orchid Society, Delray Beach
See also
- Adaptation., a movie based on The Orchid Thief
- American Orchid Society
- Distribution of orchid species
- Italian Group for Research on Wild Orchid
- Lantingji Xu, introduction to the Orchid Pavilion Collection from Fourth Century China
- Moyobamba, known as the 'City of Orchids', which has some 3,500 species of orchid native to the area
- Nero Wolfe, a fictional detective and orchidophile
- Orchid Pavilion Gathering
- Orchidelirium the Victorian era of flower madness in which collecting and discovering orchids reached extraordinary levels
- Shangsi Festival
- The Orchid Thief, a nonfiction book written by Susan Orlean
References
- ^ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Version 9, June 2008 Mobot.org
- ^ "WCSP". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ Taxonomic exaggeration and its effects on orchid conservation
- ^ Corominas, Joan. "Breve Diccionario Etimol?gico de la Lengua Castellana". Ed. Gredos, 1980. ISBN 8424913329, pp 328
- ^ "Orchid". The Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=orchid. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
- ^ King, Jenny. "The coralroot orchid". Orchids in Northern Washington State. Silvercrown Mountain Outdoor School. http://www.exploresmos.org/nature/orchids-northern-washington-state/. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ World's first night-flowering orchid discovered, Australian Geographic, 23 November 2010
- ^ a b Santiago R. Ram?rez, Barbara Gravendeel, Rodrigo B. Singer, Charles R. Marshall & Naomi E. Pierce (30 August 2007). "Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator". Nature 448 (7157): 1042?1042. doi:10.1038/nature06039. PMID 17728756. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v448/n7157/abs/nature06039.html.
- ^ The origin and biogeography of Orchidaceae. In Pridgeon, AM , Cribb, PJ, Chase, MW, and Rasmussen, F, eds. Genera orchidacearum. Vol. 2. pp. 1-5 Oxford University Press , Oxford
- ^ Whitman, Melissa; Medler, Michael; Randriamanindry, Jean Jacques; Rabakonadrianina, Elisabeth (April 2011). "Conservation of Madagascar's granite outcrop orchids: influence of fire and moisture". Lankesteriana (Jard?n Bot?nico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica.) 11:1: 55?67. ISSN 1409-3871. http://lankesteriana.org/lankesteriana/LANKESTERIANA%2011%281%29/9_Whitman%20et%20al.%202011.pdf.
- ^ Leake JR. 2005. Plants parasitic on fungi: unearthing the fungi in myco-heterotrophs and debunking the 'saprophytic' plant myth. Mycologist 19: 113?122. (abstract)).
- ^ Early western district (Vic.) settler gives account of local Aboriginal people gathering Potato Orchid tubers, digging where bandicoots had scratched. (Dawson in Zola & Gott, 1992:38)
- ^ Hossain MM.,"Therapeutic orchids: traditional uses and recent advances--an overview." Fitoterapia. 2011 Mar;82(2):102-40
External links
- Orchidaceae at The Plant List
- Orchidaceae at The Families of Flowering Plants (DELTA)
- Orchidaceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
- Orchidaceae at the online Flora of North America
- Orchidaceae at the online Flora of China
- Orchidaceae at the online Guide to the Flora of Mongolia
- Orchidaceae at the online Flora of Zimbabwe
- Orchidaceae at the online Flora of the Western Australian
- Orchidaceae at the online Flora of New Zealand
- Orchidaceae at Chileflora
- EPIDENDRA The Global Orchid Information Network
- Orchid Tree of Life at the Florida Museum of Natural History
- World Orchid Iconography at the Swiss Orchid Foundation
- Dr. C.E. Bracker Orchid Photographs at Ball State University.
- International Orchid Register at the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS)
- Orchid Conservation Coalition A grassroots movement towards orchid conservation
- Orchids of Indonesia Photos of Indonesia native orchids
- Orchidology Milestones: Famous Orchidologists and Notable Contributions
Taxonomy
The Family Orchidaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (34): Allioideae · Amaranthoideae · Amygdaloideae · Apostasioideae · Asteroideae · Cactoideae · Caryophylloideae · Catantopinae · Coliadinae · Commelinoideae · Cyananthoideae · Cypripedioideae · Epidendroideae · Faboideae · Grevilleoideae · Helleboroideae · Iridoideae · Isopyroideae · Larinae · Neottioideae · Nepetoideae · Orchidoideae · Orobanchoideae · Pooideae · Ranunculoideae · Rhododendroideae · Scrophularioideae · Sedoideae · Spiraeoideae · Trollioideae · Ulmoideae · Vaccinioideae · Vanilloideae · Violoideae
- Tribe (60): Allieae · Amarantheae · Amygdaleae · Andromedeae · Anemoneae · Anthemideae · Antirrhineae · Arethuseae · Banksieae · Bombini · Calceolarieae · Calypsoeae · Codonopsideae · Coelogyneae · Cranichideae · Cymbidieae · Cypripedieae · Delphinieae &m iddot; Diurideae · Epidendreae · Epipactideae · Eupatorieae · Galantheae · Gastrodieae · Genisteae · Gnaphalieae · Indigofereae · Inuleae · Irideae · Isopyreae · Larini · Laspeyresiini · Lilieae · Loteae · Malaxideae · Maxillarieae · Mentheae · Narcisseae · Neottieae · Nervilieae · Orchideae · Phleeae · Phragmipedieae · Podochileae · Pogonieae · Primuleae · Rhododendreae · Salvieae · Sedeae · Senecioneae · Sileneae · Sobralieae · Spiraeeae · Tradescantieae · Triphoreae · Tropidieae · Tulipeae · Vandeae · Vanilleae · Violeae
- Subtribe (42): Acianthinae · Aerangidinae · Aeridinae · Agrostophyllinae · Angraecinae · Arethusinae · Bletiinae · Brownleeinae · Caladeniinae · Catasetinae · Chloraeinae · Coelogyninae · Collabiinae · Cranichidinae · Cymbidiinae · Dendrobiinae · Disinae · Diuridinae · Drakaneinae · Eriinae · Eulophiinae · Goodyerinae · Laeliinae · Maxillariinae · Oncidiinae · Orchidinae · Paphiopedilinae · Phragmipediinae · Pleurothallidinae · Podochilinae · Polystachyinae · Prasophyllinae · Pterostylidinae · ; Rhizanthellinae · Sarcanthinae · Spiranthinae · Stanhopeinae · Thelasinae · Thelymitrinae · Vanillinae · Zygopetalinae · Zygopetilinae
- Genus (2888): Aa · Abaxianthus · Abdominea · Aberconwayara · Aberrantia · Abola · Acacallis · Acampe · Acampostylis · Acanthephippium · Acanthophippium · Aceras · Aceratorchis · Achlydosa · Achroanthes · Acianthella · Acianthera · Acianthopsis · Acianthus · Acinbreea · Acineta · Acinopetala · Aciopea · Ackermania · Acoidium · Acoridium · Acostaea · Acriopsis · Acrochaene · Acrolophia · Acronia · Acropera · Acrorchis · Ada · Adactylus · Adaglossum · Adamantinia · Adelopetalum · Adenochilus · Adenoncos · Adenostylis · Adipe · Adrorhizon · Aeeridium · Aenhenrya · Aeonia · Aerachnochilus · Aerangaeris · Aerangis · Aeranthes · Aeranthus · Aerasconetia · Aeridachnis · Aerides · Aeriditis · Aeridocentrum · Aeridochilus · Aeridofinetia · Aeridoglossum · Aeridoglottis · Aeridopsis · Aeridostachya · Aeridovanda · Aerobion · Aganisia · Agasepalum · Aggeianthus · Aglossorhyncha · Aglossorrhyncha · Agrostophyllum · Aitkenara · Ala · Alamania · Alantuckerara · Alaticaulia · Alatiglossum · Alatiliparis · Aliceara · Alipsa · Alismorchis · Alismorkis · Allochilus · Alphonsoara · Altensteinia · Alvisia · Alwisia · Amalia · Amalias · Amblostoma · Amblyanthe · Amblyanthus · Amblyglottis · Ambrella · Amerorchis · Amesangis · Amesia · Amesiella · Amitostigma · Amparoa · Amphigena · Amphiglottis · Amphorchis · Ampliglossum · Anabarlia · Anacamptiplatanthera · Anacamptis · Anacamptorchis · Anacheilium · Anagymnorhiza · Anaphorkis · Anathallis · Ancipitia · Ancistrochilus · Ancistrorhynchus · Andersonara · Andinia · Andrewckara · Androchilus · Androcorys · Angorchis · Angraecentrum · Angraecopsis · Angraecostylis · Angraecum · Angraecyrtanthes · Angraeorchis · Angrangis · Angranthellea · Angranthes · Angreoniella · Anguloa · Angulocaste · Ania · Anisodontea · Anisopetala · Anisopetalum · Anneliesia · Anochilus · Anoectochilus · Anoectodes · Anota · Ansellia · Ansidium · Anteriorchis · Anthereon · Anthogonium · Anthosiphon · Antilla · Anzybas · Aorchis · Apatostelis · Apaturia · Apetalon · Aphyllorchis · Aplectrum · Aplostellis · Apoda-Prorepentia · Aporopsis · Aporostylis · Aporum · Apostasia · Appendicula · Appletonara · Aracampe · Aracamunia · Arachnadenia · Arachnanthe · Arachnis · Arachnites · Arachnocentron · Arachnochilus · Arachnoglossum · Arachnopsis · Arachnorchis · Arachnostylis · Aranda · Aranthera · Archineottia · Archivea · Areldia · Arethusa · Arethusantha · Argyrorchis · Arietinum · Arisanorchis · Aristotelea · Armodachnis · Armodorum · Arnottia · Arphophyllum · Arpophyllum · Arrhynchium · Arthrochilium · Arthrochilus · Arthurara · Artorima · Arundina · Asarca · Ascandopsis · Aschersonara · Ascidieria · Ascocenda · Ascocentrochilus · Ascocentropsis · Ascocentrum · Ascochilopsis · Ascochilus · Ascocleinetia · Ascocleiserides · Ascodenia · Ascofadanda · Ascofinetia · Ascogastisia · Ascoglossum · Ascolabium · Asconopsis · Ascoparanthera · Ascorachnis · Ascoralda · Ascorenanthochilus · Ascorhynopsis · Ascotainia · Ascovandoritis · Aspacidopsis · Aspacidostele · Aspaleomnia · Aspasia · Aspasiopsis · Aspasium · Aspegrenia · Aspezia · Aspidogyne · Asplundara · Aspomesa · Aspopsis · Aspostele · Ate · Atopoglossum · Auliza · Aulosepalum · Aulostylis · Australorchis · Auxopus · Aviceps · Ayubara · Azadehdelia · Babtistonia · Bakerara · Ballantineara · Banfieldara · Baptistonia · Baravolia · Barbosella · Barcatanthe · Barclia · Bardendrum · Barkeranthe · Barkeria · Barkleyadendrum · Barlaceras · Barlaea · Barlia · Barlorchis · Barombia · Bartholina · Basiphyllaea · Baskervilla · Batemania · Batemannia · Bateostylis · Bathiea · Beadlea · Beallara · Beardara · Beclardia · Beloglottis · Bensteinia · Benthamia · Benzingia · Bernardara · Bettsara · Bhutanthera · Bicchia · Bicornella · Biermannia · Bifranisia · Bifrenaria · Bifrenidium · Bifreniella · Bilabrella · Binotia · Bipinnula · Birchea · Blephariglottis · Blepharochilum · Bletia · Bletiaglottis · Bletilla · Blumeara · Blumeorchis · Bogardara · Bogoria · Bolbicymbidium · Bolbidium · Bolbophyllaria · Bolborchis · Bollea · Bollopetalum · Bolusiella · Bonatea · Bootara · Bothriochilus · Bouletia · Bovornara · Braasiella · Brachionidium · Brachtia · Brachycladium · Brachycorythis · Brachypeza · Brachystele · Bracisepalum · Bradeara · Braemia · Bramesa · Bramiltumnia · Brapacidium · Braparmesa · Brapasia · Brascidostele · Brasicattleya · Brasilidium · Brasilocycnis · Brassacathron · Brassada · Brassanthe · Brassavola · Brassia · Brassidiocentrum · Brassidium · Brassidomesa · Brassocatanthe · Brassocattleya · Brassochilum · Brassochilus · Brassoepidendrum · Brassokeria · Brassolaelia · Brassolaeliocattleya · Brassomicra · Brassoncidopsis · Brassophronitis · Brassopsis · Brassostele · Brassotonia · Bratonia · Brenesia · Brevilongium · Brianara · Briegeria · Broanthevola · Brolaelianthe · Brolarchilis · Bromecanthe · Bromheadia · Brossitonia · Broughtonia · Brownleea · Bryobium · Bucculina · Buchtienia · Buesiella · Bulbophyllum · Bulborobium · Bullara · Bulleyia · Bunochilus · Burkillara · Burlingtonia · Burnettia · Burnsbaloghia · Burrageara · Cadetia · Cahuzacara · Caladenia · Caladeniastrum · Calanthe · Calassodia · Calcearia · Calceolus · Caleana · Caleya · Calliphyllon · Callostylis · Caloarethusa · Calochilus · Caloglossum · Calomitra · Calonemorchis · Calopogon · Calopotilla · Caluera · Calymmanthera · Calypso · Calypsodium · Calyptrochilum · Camaridium · Camarotis · Campanulorchis · Campylocentrum · Canacorchis · Cannaeorchis · Capanemia · Cardiochilos · Carenidium · Carparomorchis · Carria · Carterara · Carteretia · Catamangis · Catamodes · Catanoches · Catasandra · Catasellia · Catasetum · Catcaullia · Catcylaelia · Cathea · Catminichea · Cattarthrophila · Cattkeria · Cattlassia · Cattleya · Cattleychea · Cattleyella · Cattleyopsis · Cattleytonia · Cattlianthe · Cattoniphila · Cattotes · Cattychilis · Catyclia · Caucaea · Caulaelia · Caularthron · Caulavola · Caulbardendrum · Caulkeria · Caulocattleya · Caulophila · Caulrianvola · Caultonia · Caultoniophila · Cautonleya · Centrogenium · Centroglossa · Centropetalum · Centrosia · Centrosis · Centrostigma · Cephalangraecum · Cephalantera · Cephalanthera · Cephalantheropsis · Cephalepipactis · Cephalopactis · Cepobaculum · Ceraia · Ceratandra · Ceratandropsis · Ceratobium · Ceratocentron · Ceratochilus · Ceratopetalorchis · Ceratopsis · Ceratosiella · Ceratostylis · Cerochilus · Cestichis · Chadwickara · Chaenanthe · Chaetocephala · Chamaeangis · Chamaeanthus · Chamaegastrodia · Chamaeleorchis · Chamaerepes · Chamelophyton · Chamorchis · Changnienia · Chapmanara · Charlieara · Chaseella · Chaubardia · Chaubardiella · Chaubewiczella · Chauliodon · Cheiradenia · Cheirorchis · Cheirostylis · Chelonanthera · Chelonistele · Chelyorchis · Chewara · Chilocentrum · Chilochista · Chiloglottis · Chilopogon · Chiloschista · Chilosimpliglottis · Chiloterus · Chitonanthera · Chloidia · Chloraea · Chlorosa · Choeradoplectron · Chondradenia · Chondrobollea · Chondrorhyncha · Chondroscaphe · Chrisanda · Chrisanthera · Chrisnopsis · Christensonia · Christenstylis · Christieara · Christocentrum · Chromatotriccum · Chroniochilus · Chrysobaphus · Chrysocycnis · Chrysoglossum · Chuanyenara · Chuatianara · Chusua · Chyletia · Chysis · Chytroglossa · Cionisaccus · Cirrhaea · Cirrhopea · Cirrhopetalum · Cischweinfia · Cischweinidium · Claderia · Cladobium · Claudehamiltonara · Clausia · Cleisocalpa · Cleisocentron · Cleisodes · Cleisofinetia · Cleisomeria · Cleisonopsis · Cleisopera · Cleisoquetia · Cleisostoma · Cleisostomopsis · Cleisostylis · Cleisotheria · Cleistes · Clematepistephium · Clomophyllum · Cloughara · Clowenoches · Clowesetum · Clowesia · Cnemidia · Coccineorchis · Cochleanthes · Cochlesteinella · Cochlezella · Cochlia · Cochlioda · Cocleorchis · Codonorchis · Codonosiphon · Coelandria · Coelia · Coeliopsis · Coeloglossgymnadenia · Coeloglosshabenaria · Coeloglossogymnadenia · Coeloglossorchis · Coeloglossum · Coelogyne · Cohniella · Coilochilus · Coilostylis · Colax · Collabiopsis · Collabium · Collare-Stuartense · Collea · Collierara · Colmanara · Colombiana · Comparettia · Comparumnia · Compelenzia · Comperia · Comptoglossum · Conattleya · Conchochilus · Condylago · Conopsidium · Conostalix · Constantia · Cooktownia · Coppensia · Corallorhiza · Corallorrhiza · Cordanthera · Cordiglottis · Cordula · Cordylestylis · Coronadoara · Correllara · Corunastylis · Coryanthes · Corybas · Corycium · Coryhopea · Corymbis · Corymborchis · Corymborkis · Corysanthes · Costaricaea · Cottonia · Cotylolabium · Crangonorchis · Cranichis · Crawshayara · Cremastra · Crepidium · Cribbia · Crinonia · Criosanthes · Crocodeilanthe · Crossoglossa · Crybe · Cryptanthemis · Cryptarrhena · Cryptocentrum · Cryptochilus · Cryptophoranthus · Cryptopus · Cryptopylos · Cryptosanus · Cryptostylis · Ctenorchis · Cucumeria · Cuitlacidium · Cuitlauzina · Cuitlauzinia · Cuitlumnia · Cutsis · Cyanaeorchis · Cyanicula · Cyanthera · Cyathoglottis · Cybebus · Cybelion · Cycatonia · Cyclodes · Cyclopogon · Cyclosia · Cycnandra · Cycnoches · Cycnodes · Cycnophyllum · Cycsellia · Cydoniorchis · Cylindrolobus · Cymaclosetum · Cymasetum · Cymbidiella · Cymbidimangis · Cymbidium · Cymbiglossum · Cymbipetalum · Cymboglossum · Cymnadenia · Cymphiella · Cynorchis · Cynorkis · Cynosorchis · Cyperorchis · Cyphochilus · Cypholoron · Cypridpedium · Cypripedilon · Cypripedilum · Cypripedium · Cyrassostele · Cyrtellia · Cyrtidiorchis · Cyrtidium · Cyrtobrassidium · Cyrtobrassonia · Cyrtochiloides · Cyrtochilum · Cyrtocidistele · Cyrtocidium · Cyrtoglottis · Cyrtogomestele · Cyrtolauzina · Cyrtollaria · Cyrtoncidopsis · Cyrtoniopsis · Cyrtopasia · Cyrtopera · Cyrtopodium · Cyrtorchis · Cyrtosia · Cyrtostele · Cyrtostylis · Cystorchis · Cytherea · Cytheris · Dactylanthera · Dactyleucorchis · Dactylitella · Dactylocamptis · Dactylodenia · Dactyloglossum · Dactylogymnadenia · Dactylorchis · Dactylorhiza · Dactylorhynchus · Dactylorhyza · Dactylorrhiza · Dactylostalix · Daiotyla · Danhatchia · Darwinara · Darwiniera · Dasyglossum · Davejonesia · Debarriara · Debruyneara · Deceptor · Degarmoara · Degranvillea · Deiregyne · Delouvrexara · Demorchis · Dendrobium · Dendrochilium · Dendrochilum · Dendrocolla · Dendrocoryne · Dendrodium · Dendrogeria · Dendrolirium · Dendrophylax · Dendrorchis · Dendrorkis · Denslovia · Deppia · Deroemeria · Devereuxara · Devogelia · Devriesara · Diacrium · Diadenium · Dialaeliocattleya · Diaphanangis · Diaphananthe · Diceratostele · Dicerostylis · Dichaea · Dichaeopsis · Dichopus · Dichromanthus · Dichromoglottis · Dickasonia · Dicranotaenia · Dicrophyla · Dicrypta · Dictyophyllaria · Didactyle · Didactylus · Didiciea · Didothion · Didymoplexiella · Didymoplexiopsis · Didymoplexis · Dienia · Diglyphosa · Dignathe · Digomphotis · Dikylikostigma · Dilochia · Dilochiopsis · Dilomilis · Dimerandra · Dimorphorchis · Dinema · Dinklageella · Diodonopsis · Diothonea · Diovallia · Dipera · Diphryllum · Diphyes · Diphylax · Diplacorchis · Diplandrorchis · Diplecthrum · Diplocaulobium · Diplocentrum · Diploconchium · Diplodium · Diplogastra · Diplolabellum · Diplomeris · Diplonopsis · Diploprora · Dipodium · Dipteranthus · Dipterostele · Disa · Discyphus · Disperis · Disticholiparis · Distichorchis · Distomaea · Distylodon · Diteilis · Dithyranthus · Dithyridanthus · Dituilis · Ditulima · Diuris · Dixuanara · Dockrillia · Dodara · Dodsonia · Dolichocentrum · Domingleya · Domingoa · Domintonia · Dominyara · Donaestelaara · Dorandopsis · Doredirea · Doricentrum · Dorifinetia · Doriglossum · Doristylis · Doritaenopsis · Doritis · Dormanara · Dorthera · Dorycheile · Dossinia · Dossinochilus · Dossinodes · Dossinyera · Dossisia · Dothilis · Dothilophis · Downsara · Doxosma · Dracomonticola · Draconanthes · Dracontia · Dracula · Dracuvallia · Drakaea · Drakonorchis · Dresslerara · Dresslerella · Dressleria · Dressleriella · Dryadella · Dryadorchis · Drymoanthus · Drymoda · Dryopeia · Dubois-Reymondia · Duckeella · Duckittara · Dungsara · Dungsia · Dunningara · Dunstervillea · Dunstervilleara · Durabaculum · Durutyara · Dyakanthus · Dyakia · Earina · Eastonara · Eburophyton · Echinorhyncha · Echinosepala · Echioglossum · Eggelingia · Elasmatium · Elearethusa · Elecalthusa · Eleorchis · Elepogon · Eleutheroglossum · Eliara · Elleanthus · Elongatia · Eloyella · Eltroplectris · Elythodia · Elythranthera · Embreea · Emilythwaitesara · Empusa · Empusella · Enanthleya · Encheiridion · Encyarthrolia · Encyclarthron · Encyclia · Encylaelia · Encyleyvola · Encyphila · Encytonavola · Encyvola · Encyvolendrum · Endeisa · Endosiphon · Endresiella · Engkhiamara · Engsoonara · Entaticus · Entomophobia · Eparmatostigma · Ephemerantha · Ephippianthus · Ephippium · Epiarthron · Epibator · Epiblastus · Epiblema · Epicatanthe · Epicatarthron · Epicatcyclia · Epicatechea · Epicatonia · Epicattleya · Epicladium · Epicranthes · Epicyclia · Epidanthus · Epidendropsis · Epidendrum · Epidominkeria · Epidorchis · Epigeneium · Epiglottis · Epigoa · Epilaelia · Epilaeliocattleya · Epilaeliopsis · Epileptovola · Epilopsis · Epilyna · Epimicra · Epipactis · Epiphanes · Epiphila · Epiphora · Epipogium · Epipogon · Epipogum · Epirhynanthe · Epistephium · Epithechavola · Epithechea · Epithecia · Epitonanthe · Epitonia · Erasanthe · Eremorchis · Eria · Eriaxis · Ericksonella · Eriochilus · Eriodes · Eriopexis · Eriopsis · Ernestara · Erycina · Erydium · Erymesa · Erythrodes · Erythrorchis · Esmenanthera · Esmeralda · Esmeranda · Esmeropsis · Esmerstylis · Euanthe · Euchile · Euclades · Eucnemis · Eucosia · Eulocymbidiella · Eulophia · Eulophiaa · Eulophidium · Eulophiella · Eulophiopsis · Eulophyllum · Eulosellia · Euothonaea · Euphlebium · Euproboscis · Euryangis · Euryblema · Eurycaulis · Eurycentrum · Eurychone · Eurygraecum · Eurynopsis · Eurystyles · Evelyna · Evota · Evotella · Evrardia · Evrardiana · Evrardianthe · Exalaria · Exophya · Expedicula · Fernandezia · Ferruminaria · Fimbriella · Fimbrorchis · Fingardia · Fisherara · Fissipes · Flickingeria · Forbesina · Forficaria · Forgetara · Forsythmajoria · Fowlerara · Fowlieara · Fractiunguis · Fredclarkeara · Freedara · Fregea · Frondaria · Fruticicola · Fuchsara · Fuertesiella · Fujioara · Funckiella · Funkiella · Gabertia · Galabstia · Galeandra · Galeansellia · Galearis · Galeodes · Galeoglossum · Galeola · Galeonisia · Galeopetalum · Galeorchis · Galeosepalum · Galeottia · Galeottiella · Galiczella · Gamoplexis · Garaya · Garayanthus · Garayara · Garlippara · Gasteraloe · Gastisia · Gastisocalpa · Gastorchis · Gastritis · Gastrocalanthe · Gastrochiloglottis · Gastrochilus · Gastrodia · Gastroglottis · Gastrophaianthe · Gastrophaius · Gastropodium · Gastrorchis · Gastrosarcochilus · Gastrostoma · Gastrothera · Gavilea · Geesinkorchis · Gennaria · Genoplesium · Genyorchis · Geoblasta · Geocalpa · Geodorum · Georchis · Gerberara · Ghiesbreghtia · Ghillanyara · Giulianettia · Glanzara · Glomera · Glossaspis · Glossochilopsis · Glossodia · Glossorhyncha · Glossorrhyncha · Glycorchis · Goadbyella · Goffara · Gohartia · Goldschmidtia · Golumnia · Gombrassiltonia · Gomcentridium · Gomcidettia · Gomcidumnia · Gomenkoa · Gomesa · Gomesochilum · Gomestele · Gomettia · Gomezina · Gomguezia · Gomiltidium · Gomiltlauzina · Gomiltostele · Gomocentrum · Gomochilus · Gomoncidochilum · Gomonia · Gompassia · Gomphichis · Gomrassiastele · Gomstelettia · Gonatostylis · Gonginia · Gongora · Gongorhaea · Goniochilus · Gonogona · Goodaleara · Goodisia · Goodyera · Gotokoa · Gottererara · Govenia · Grammangis · Grammatocymbidium · Grammatoheadia · Grammatomangis · Grammatophyllum · Grammatopodium · Grammoglottis · Grandicentrum · Grandicidium · Grandiphyllum · Graphiella · Graphorchis · Graphorkis · Grastidium · Grayara · Greenwoodia · Grobya · Grosourdya · Guarcholia · Guarechea · Guarianthe · Guaricatophila · Guaricattonia · Guaricyclia · Guaridendrum · Guariencychea · Guarilaeliarthron · Guarilaelivola · Guarimicra · Guarisophleya · Guaritonia · Guaritoniclia · Guarthroleya · Guarthron · Guartonichea · Guarvolclia · Gudrunia · Gularia · Gunnarella · Gunnarorchis · Gurneyara · Gyaladenia · Gyas · Gymleucorchis · Gymnadenia · Gymnaglossum · Gymnanacamptis · Gymnaplatanthera · Gymnigritella · Gymnotraunsteinera · Gymplatanthera · Gynoglottis · Gyrostachys · Habenaria · Habenella · Hadrocattleya · Hadrodungsia · Hadrolaelia · Haemaria · Haematorchis · Hagerara · Hagsatera · Hagsechea · Hakoneaste · Hallackia · Halleorchis · Hamelwellsara · Hamerara · Hamiltonara · Hammarbya · Hancockia · Hanesara · Haniffara · Hapalochilus · Hapalorchis · Haplochilus · Haraella · Haraenopsis · Harrisella · Harrisiella · Hartwegia · Harveyara · Hausermannara · Hawaiiara · Hawkinsara · Hecabe · Hederorkis · Helcia · Helenadamsara · Helleborine · Helleriella · Hellerorchis · Helonoma · Helpilia · Hemihabenaria · Hemiperis · Hemipilia · Hemipiliopsis · Hemiscleria · Henosis · Herminium · Herpetophytum · Herpysma · Herschelia · Herschelianthe · Herscheliodisa · Hetaeria · Heterotaxis · Heterozeuxine · Hexadesmia · Hexalectris · Hexisea · Hexopia · Heynholdara · Hiattara · Hibanobambusa · Himanthoglossum · Himantoglossum · Himoriara · Hintonella · Hippeophyllum · Hirayamaara · Hirtzia · Hispaniella · Hoehneella · Hoffmanncattleya · Hoffmannseggella · Hofmannara · Hofmeistera · Hofmeisterella · Holcanthera · Holcocentrum · Holcoglossum · Holcosia · Hologyne · Holopogon · Holothrix · Holttumara · Homalopetalum · Homocolleticon · Horichia · Horvatia · Houlletia · Howeara · Hueylihara · Hummelara · Huntleanthes · Huntleya · Hunzella · Huttonaea · Huttonia · Hyacinthorchis · Hyalosema · Hybochilus · Hydrorchis · Hyeara · Hyedecromara · Hygrochilus · Hylaeorchis · Hylophila · Hymantoglossum · Hymeneria · Hymenochilus · Hymenorchis · Hysteria · Iantha · Ibidium · Ichthyostomum · Ida · Iebine · Ilonara · Imerinaea · Imerinorchis · India · Inobulbum · Ione · Ionettia · Ionmesa · Ionmesettia · Ionocentrum · Ionocidium · Ionopsis · Ionorchis · Ionumnia · Ipsea · Ipseglottis · Iridorchis · Isabelia · Isadendrum · Isanitella · Isaoara · Ischnocentrum · Ischnogyne · Isias · Isochilus · Isotria · Itaculumia · Iwanagaara · Ixyophora · Jackfowlieara · Jacquiniella · Jamaiciella · Jansenia · Janssensara · Jeaneara · Jejewoodia · Jejosephia · Jennyella · Jensoa · Jimensia · Jisooara · Joannara · Johnlagerara · Johnsonara · Jonesiopsis · Jonopsis · Jonorchis · Jostia · Jouyella · Jumanthes · Jumellea · Kagawaara · Kalakauara · Kalimpongia · Kalopternix · Kanzerara · Karorchis · Katherinea · Kaurorchis · Kautskyara · Keferanthes · Keferella · Kefericzella · Kefersteinia · Keferstenia · Keforia · Keftorella · Kegeliella · Kerchoveara · Kerigomnia · Keyesara · Kinetochilus · Kingidium · Kingiella · Kionophyton · Kippenara · Kitigorchis · Kleberiella · Klugara · Knappara · Knowlesara · Knudsenara · Knudsonara · Kochiophyton · Koellensteinia · Koellenstenia · Komarovara · Komkrisara · Konantzia · Kornasia · Kraenzlinella · Kreodanthus · Kriegerara · Kryptostoma · Kuhlhasseltia · Kuhnara · Kusibabella · Lacaena · Lachelinara · Laechilis · Laelia · Laeliacattleya · Laelianthe · Laelichilis · Laeliocatanthe · Laeliocatarthron · Laeliocatonia · Laeliocattkeria · Laeliocattleya · Laeliokeria · Laeliopsis · Laelirhynchos · Laelonia · Laerianchea · Lagerara · Laipenchihara · Lanium · Larnandra · Lathrisia · Latourea · Latourorchis · Lauara · Lavrihara · Lawara · Leaneyara · Leaoa · Lecanorchis · Lectandra · Ledgeria · Ledienara · Leeara · Leioanthum · Lemboglossum · Lemurella · Lemurorchis · Leochilumnia · Leochilus · Leogolumnia · Leokoa · Leomesezia · Leonara · Leopardanthus · Lepanopsis · Lepanthes · Lepanthopsis · Lepidogyne · Leporella · Leptocentrum · Leptoceras · Leptodendrum · Leptoguarianthe · Leptokeria · Leptorchis · Leptorkis · Leptotes · Leptothrium · Leptovola · Lequeetia · Lesliea · Lesliehertensteinara · Lesueurara · Leucohyle · Leucolena · Leucorchis · Leucostachys · Lewisara · Lichtara · Lichterveldia · Ligeophila · Limara · Limatodes · Limatodis · Limnas · Limnorchis · Limodorum · Lindleyalis · Lindleyella · Lindsayella · Linguella · Liparis · Lisowskia · Lissochilus · Listera · Listrostachys · Lobbara · Lockcidium · Lockcidmesa · Lockhartia · Lockochilettia · Lockochilus · Lockogochilus · Lockopilia · Lockumnia · Loefgrenianthus · Loeliocattleya · Lophiaris · Lorenara · Loritis · Loroglossum · Lothiania · Louiscappeara · Louisia · Lovelessara · Lowsonara · Lowsutongara · Loxoma · Luascotia · Ludicia · Ludisia · Ludochilus · Lueckelia · Lueddemannia · Luerella · Luicentrum · Luichilus · Luinetia · Luisa · Luisaerides · Luisanda · Luisedda · Luisia · Luistylis · Luivanetia · Lutherara · Lycabstia · Lycamerlycaste · Lycaste · Lycastenaria · Lycastiella · Lycazella · Lycida · Lycomormium · Lymanara · Lyperanthus · Lyraea · Lyroglossa · Lysias · Lysiella · Lysimnia · Lysudamuloa · Macbrideara · Maccoyara · Maccraithea · Macdonaldia · Maclellanara · Macodes · Macodisia · Macradenia · Macradesa · Macroclinium · Macrolepis · Macroplectrum · Macropodanthus · Macrostomium · Macrostylis · Maderoara · Madisonia · Maechtleara · Maelenia · Malachadenia · Malaxis · Malcolmcampbellara · Malleola · Manniella · Margelliantha · Mariarisqueta · Marriottara · Marsupiaria · Marvingerberara · Masadenus · Masdevallia · Masdevalliantha · Mastigion · Mathewsara · Mauriceara · Maxillacaste · Maxillaria · Maxillariella · Maxilobium · Mecopodum · Mecosa · Mediocalcar · Meechaiara · Megaclinium · Megalorchis · Megalotus · Megastylis · Meiracyllium · Meirmosesara · Meliclis · Meloara · Menadenium · Mendelara · Mendoncella · Menephora · Menziesara · Mesadenella · Mesadenus · Mesicera · Mesoclastes · Mesodactylis · Mesoglossum · Mesospinidium · Mexicoa · Mexipedium · Meyracyllium · Microchilus · Microcoelia · Microepidendrum · Microlaelia · Micropera · Microsaccus · Microstylis · Microtatorchis · Microterangis · Microtheca · Microthelys · Microtidium · Microtis · Milassentrum · Milcentrum · Milcidossum · Milmilcidium · Milmilpasia · Milmiltonia · Milpasia · Milpilia · Miltarettia · Miltassia · Miltochilidium · Miltochilum · Miltoncentrum · Miltoncidostele · Miltonia · Miltonidium · Miltonioides · Miltoniopsis · Minicolumna · Mirandorchis · Mischobulbum · Mitopetalum · Mizunoara · Mobilabium · Moerenhoutia · Moihwaara · Moirara · Mokara · Molloybas · Monachanthus · Monadenia · Monanthos · Monixus · Monnierara · Monomeria · Monophyllorchis · Monorchis · Monosepalum · Monotris · Montolivaea · Monustes · Moonara · Moorea · Morieara · Mormodes · Mormodia · Mormolyca · Mormolyce · Mormosellia · Muluorchis · Myanthus · Mycaranthes · Mymecophila · Myoda · Myodium · Myoxanthus · Myoxastrepia · Myrmecanthe · Myrmecatavola · Myrmechea · Myrmechila · Myrmechis · Myrmecocattleya · Myrmecolaelia · Myrmecophila · Myrmetonia · Myrobroma · Myrosmodes · Mystacidium · Nabaluia · Nageliella · Nakagawaara · Nakamotoara · Nakamuraara · Nanodes · Narica · Nasonia · Nauenia · Naugleara · Neippergia · Nemacianthus · Nemaconia · Nematoceras · Nemuranthes · Neo-Urbania · Neoaeristylis · Neobathiea · Neobatopus · Neobennettia · Neobenthamia · Neobolusia · Neoclemensia · Neocogniauxia · Neodryas · Neoescobaria · Neofadanda · Neofadenia · Neofinetia · Neogardneria · Neoglossum · Neograecum · Neogyna · Neokoehleria · Neolauchea · Neolauchia · Neolehmannia · Neolindleya · Neomoorea · Neopabstopetalum · Neoruschia · Neosedanda · Neosedirea · Neostylis · Neostylopsis · Neotainiopsis · Neotinea · Neottia · Neottianthe · Neottidium · Neourbania · Neowilliamsia · Nephelaphyllum · Nephrangis · Nephranthera · Nervilia · Neuwiedia · Nezahualcoyotlia · Ngara · Nicholsonara · Nidema · Nienokuea · Nigratella · Nigritella · Nipponorchis · Nobleara · Nochocentrum · Nohacidium · Nohagomenkoa · Nohamiltonia · Nohastelomesa · Nohawenkoa · Nonaara · Norna · Notheria · Nothodoritis · Nothostele · Notiophrys · Notolidium · Notylettia · Notylia · Notylidium · Notyliopsis · Notylopsis · Nyctosma · Oakes-Amesia · Oakesara · Oberonia · Oberonioides · Obrienara · Ocampoa · Ochyrorchis · Octadesmia · Octarrhena · Octomeria · Odisha · Odonectis · Odontioda · Odontobrassia · Odontochilus · Odontocidium · Odontoglossum · Odontonia · Odontorrhynchus · Odontostyles · Oeceoclades · Oeniella · Oeonia · Oeoniella · Oerstedella · Oestlundia · Oestlundorchis · Okaara · Olgasis · Oligochaetochilus · Oligophyton · Oliveriana · Ommatodium · Omoea · Oncidesa · Oncidettia · Oncidguezia · Oncidioda · Oncidium · Oncidoglossum · Oncidopsis · Oncidpilia · Oncidumnia · Oncophyllum · Oncostele · Oncostelopsis · Onoara · Onzelcentrum · Ophidion · Ophioglossella · Ophramptis · Ophris · Ophrys · Opsistylis · Orbis · Orchiaceras · Orchicoeloglossum · Orchidactylorhiza · Orchidium · Orchidofunckia · Orchidotypus · Orchigymnadenia · Orchimantoglossum · Orchiodes · Orchipedum · Orchiplatanthera · Orchis · Orchiserapias · Orchites · Oreorchis · Orestias · Orleanesia · Ormerodia · Ormostema · Ornitharium · Ornithidium · Ornithocephalus · Ornithochilus · Ornithocidium · Ornithophora · Ornitocephalus · Ornitophora · Orsidice · Orthoceras · Orthochilus · Orthopenthea · Ortmannia · Orxera · Osmoglossum · Ossiculum · Osyricera · Osyriceras · Otaara · Otandra · Otobrastonia · Otochilus · Otoglochilum · Otoglossum · Otonisia · Otopabstia · Otorhynchocidium · Otosepalum · Otostele · Otostylis · Owensara · Oxyanthera · Oxyglossellum · Oxysepala · Oxystophyllum · Pabanisia · Pabstia · Pabstiella · Pabstosepalum · Pachites · Pachychilus · Pachygenium · Pachyne · Pachyphyllum · Pachyplectron · Pachyrhizanthe · Pachystele · Pachystelis · Pachystoma · Pageara · Paliris · Palmerara · Palmoglossum · Palmorchis · Panarica · Panisea · Panstrepis · Pantapaara · Pantlingia · Paphinia · Paphiopedilum · Papilionanthe · Papiliopsis · Papilisia · Papillilabium · Papperitzia · Papuaea · Papulipetalum · Paracalanthe · Paracaleana · Paracentrum · Paradisanthus · Paradisea · Paragnathis · Paralophia · Parandachnis · Paranthera · Paraottis · Parapactis · Paraphachilus · Paraphalaenopsis · Parapteroceras · Paraptosiella · Pararachnis · Pararenanthera · Pararides · Parasarcochilus · Parastylis · Paravanda · Paravandanthera · Paravandopsis · Paravandrum · Parhabenaria · Parnataara · Pattonia · Paulara · Paxtonia · Peaseara · Pectabenaria · Pecteilis · Pedilochilus · Pedilonum · Peetersara · Pehara · Pelacentrum · Pelachilus · Pelastylis · Pelatantheria · Pelatoritis · Pelexia · Pelma · Peltopus · Penkimia · Pennellara · Pennilabium · Pentisea · Pepeara · Peramium · Pergamena · Peristeranthus · Peristerchilus · Peristeria · Peristylus · Perreiraara · Perrieriella · Perularia · Pescascaphe · Pescatobollea · Pescatorea · Pescatoria · Pescatoscaphe · Pescawarrea · Pescenia · Pescoranthes · Pesmanara · Pesomeria · Petalocentrum · Petalochilus · Petrorchis · Pfitzeria · Phaiocalanthe · Phaiocymbidium · Phaius · Phajus · Phalaenidium · Phalaenopsis · Phalaerianda · Phalandopsis · Phalanetia · Phaleralda · Phalphalaenopsis · Pharbitis · Pharochilum · Pheladenia · Phlebochilus · Phloeophila · Pholidota · Phoringopsis · Phragmipaphium · Phragmipedium · Phragmorchis · Phreatia · Phyllomphax · Phyllorchis · Phymatidium · Phymatochilum · Physinga · Physoceras · Physogyne · Physosiphon · Physothallis · Physurus · Pilophyllum · Pilumna · Pinalia · Pinelia · Pinelianthe · Piperia · Pittara · Pittierella · Pityphyllum · Plantaginorchis · Plantanthera · Platanthera · Platantheroides · Plathantera · Platyclinis · Platycoryne · Platycorynoides · Platyglottis · Platylepis · Platyrhiza · Platystele · Platythelys · Plectochilus · Plectorrhiza · Plectrelgraecum · Plectrelminthus · Plectrophora · Plectrurus · Pleione · Plelis · Pleuranthium · Pleurobotryum · Pleurothallis · Pleurothallopsis · Plexaure · Plocoglottis · Plumatichilos · Poaephyllum · Podandria · Podandriella · Podangis · Podanthera · Podochilus · Pogonia · Pogoniopsis · Pollardia · Pollettara · Pollinirhiza · Polychilos · Polycycnis · Polygora · Polyotidium · Polyphylax · Polyradicion · Polyrrhiza · Polystachia · Polystachya · Pomacentrum · Pomatisia · Pomatocalpa · Pomatochilus · Poneorchis · Ponera · Ponerorchis · Ponerostigma · Ponterara · Ponthieva · Pophiopedilum · Porolabium · Porpax · Porphyrodesme · Porphyroglottis · Porphyrostachys · Porroglossum · Porrorhachis · Porrovallia · Porterara · Portillia · Potinara · Potosia · Praecoxanthus · Prasophyllum · Preptanthe · Prescotia · Prescottia · Pristiglottis · Procatavola · Proctoria · Procycleya · Proguarleya · Proleyophila · Proleytonia · Promellia · Promenabstia · Promenaea · Promenopsis · Promenzella · Promosepalum · Propabstopetalum · Propetalum · Prosarthron · Prosavola · Proscatarthron · Prosgoa · Proslaeliocattleya · Proslia · Prosrhyncholeya · Prostechea · Prosthechea · Prostonia · Prosyclia · Pseudacoridium · Pseudadenia · Pseudanthera · Pseudencyclia · Pseudepidendrum · Pseuderia · Pseuderiopsis · Pseudinium · Pseuditella · Pseudocentrum · Pseudocranichis · Pseudoctomeria · Pseudoeurystyles · Pseudogoodyera · Pseudogooyera · Pseudohexadesmia · Pseudolaelia · Pseudoliparis · Pseudomaxillaria · Pseudoperistylus · Pseudoponera · Pseudorchis · Pseudorhiza · Pseudostelis · Pseudovanilla · Psilochilus · Psittacoglossum · Psybrassocattleya · Psycarthron · Psycattleytonia · Psycavola · Psychanthe · Psychassia · Psychelia · Psychia · Psychilis · Psychocentrum · Psychomesa · Psychopilia · Psychopsiella · Psychopsis · Psygmorchis · Psymiltonia · Psythechea · Psytonia · Pterichis · Pteroceras · Pterochilus · Pteroglossa · Pteroglossaspis · Pterostemma · Pterostylis · Pterygodium · Ptilocnema · Ptychogyne · Purverara · Pygmaeorchis · Pynaertara · Pyrorchis · Quekettia · Queteletia · Quisavola · Quischilis · Quisqueya · Raciborskanthos · Raganara · Ramasamyara · Rangaeris · Ranorchis · Rauhara · Rauhiella · Raycadenco · Rechingerara · Regnellia · Reicheara · Reichenbachanthus · Renachilus · Renades · Renafinanda · Renaglottis · Renancentrum · Renanetia · Renanopsis · Renanparadopsis · Renanstylis · Renantanda · Renanthera · Renantherella · Renanthoceras · Renanthoglossum · Renanthopsis · Renaradorum · Renata · Renzorchis · Restrepia · Restrepiella · Restrepiopsis · Rhaesteria · Rhamphidia · Rhamphorhynchus · Rhaphidorhynchus · Rhinerrhiza · Rhinerrhizochilus · Rhinerrhizopsis · Rhinochilus · Rhinocidium · Rhipidoglossum · Rhipidorchis · Rhizanthella · Rhomboda · Rhycopelia · Rhynarthrolyea · Rhynarthron · Rhyncanthe · Rhyncatclia · Rhyncatdendrum · Rhyncatlaelia · Rhyncattleanthe · Rhynchadenia · Rhynchamsia · Rhynchavolarum · Rhynchobrassoleya · Rhynchocentrum · Rhynchochilopsis · Rhynchochilus · Rhynchodendrum · Rhynchodenia · Rhynchodirea · Rhynchofadanda · Rhynchoguarlia · Rhynchogyna · Rhyncholaelia · Rhyncholaeliocattleya · Rhynchomesidium · Rhynchomyrmeleya · Rhynchonia · Rhynchonopsis · Rhynchophreatia · Rhynchopsis · Rhynchopsyleya · Rhynchorettia · Rhynchorides · Rhynchosophrocattleya · Rhynchostele · Rhynchostylis · Rhynchothechea · Rhynchothechlia · Rhynchovanda · Rhynchovola · Rhynchovolanthe · Rhynchsophrocattleya · Rhynchumnia · Rhyncleiserides · Rhyncyclia · Rhyndiranda · Rhyndoropsis · Rhynopsirea · Rhyntonleya · Rhytionanthos · Richardara · Richardmizutaara · Ridleya · Ridleyella · Rimacola · Risleya · Ritaia · Robifinetia · Robinara · Robiquetia · Robostylis · Rodrassia · Rodrettia · Rodrettiopsis · Rodrichilus · Rodricidium · Rodridenia · Rodrigoa · Rodriguezia · Rodrigueziella · Rodrigueziopsis · Rodrimesastele · Rodriopsis · Rodritonia · Rodrostele · Rodrostelettia · Rodrostelidium · Rodrumnia · Roeperocharis · Roezliella · Rolfea · Rolfeara · Rolfeella · Ronnyara · Rosakirschara · Rosscyrtodium · Rossicentrum · Rossimilmiltonia · Rossiochopsis · Rossioglossum · Rossitolidium · Rossitonia · Rossmesa · Rosstuckerara · Rubellia · Rudolfiella · Rumrillara · Rundleara · Rusbyella · Rydbergara · Ryncholaelia · Sa · Saccidium · Saccoglossum · Saccolabiopsis · Saccolabium · Sacodon · Sacoila · Sagarikara · Salacistis · Salpistele · Samarorchis · Sanderara · Sanderella · Sanjumeara · Santotomasia · Saplalaara · Sappanara · Sarcalaenopsis · Sarcanthopsis · Sarcanthus · Sarcobodium · Sarcocadetia · Sarcocentrum · Sarcochilus · Sarcoglossum · Sarcoglotis · Sarcoglottis · Sarcoglyphis · Sarcolexia · Sarcomoanthus · Sarconopsis · Sarcophyton · Sarcopodium · Sarcorhynchus · Sarcostoma · Sarcothera · Sarcovanda · Sarmenticola · Sarracenella · Sartylis · Sarvandopanthera · Sarvandopsis · Satyridium · Satyrium · Saundersia · Sauroglossum · Saurolophorkis · Sayeria · Scaphingoa · Scaphoglottis · Scaphosepalum · Scaphyglottis · Scelochiloides · Scelochilopsis · Scelochilus · Scelodium · Scelonia · Scelorettia · Schidorhynchos · Schiedeella · Schiedella · Schilligerara · Schismoceras · Schistotylus · Schizochilus · Schizodium · Schlimmia · Schluckebieria · Schoenomorphus · Schoenorchis · Schombarthron · Schombocattleya · Schomburgkia · Schuitemania · Schunkea · Schunkeara · Schwartzkopffia · Schweinfurthara · Scleropteris · Scolnikara · Scopularia · Scottara · Scuticaria · Sedirea · Sedirisia · Sediritinopsis · Sediropsis · Seegeriella · Seibertara · Seidenanda · Seidenfadenara · Seidenfadenia · Seidenfadeniella · Seidenfia · Seidenides · Selenipedilum · Selenipedium · Semiphajus · Senghasia · Senghasiella · Sepalosaccus · Sepalosiphon · Seraphrys · Seraphyta · Serapias · Serapiastrum · Serapicamptis · Serapirhiza · Serpenticaulis · Serrastylis · Serruria · Sertifera · Sestochilos · Sevillaara · Shigeuraara · Siagonanthus · Sieberia · Sievekingia · Sigmatogyne · Sigmatostalix · Silvorchis · Simpliglottis · Singularybas · Sinorchis · Sirhookera · Sirindhornia · Sirjeremiahara · Skeptrostachys · Sladeara · Smithorchis · Smithsonia · Smitinandia · Sobennigraecum · Sobennikoffia · Sobralia · Sodiroella · Soehrensia · Solenangis · Solenidiopsis · Solenidium · Solenocentrum · Sophranthe · Sophrocattleya · Sophrocyclia · Sophrolaelia · Sophrolaeliocattleya · Sophronites · Sophronitis · Soterosanthus · Spathiger · Spathoglottis · Specklinia · Speculantha · Sphyrarhynchus · Sphyrastylis · Spiculaea · Spiessara · Spilorchis · Spilorhiza · Spiranthes · Spongiola · Spuricianthus · Srisukara · Stalkya · Stamariaara · Stamnorchis · Stanbreea · Stangora · Stanhocycnis · Stanhopea · Stanhopeastrum · Staurachnanthera · Staurandopsis · Stauritis · Staurochilus · Staurochoglottis · Stauroglottis · Staurovanda · Stearnara · Stegostyla · Stelis · Stellamizutaara · Stellilabium · Stellis · Stenia · Steniella · Stenizella · Stenobolusia · Stenocoryne · Stenoglossum · Stenoglottis · Stenolexia · Stenopetella · Stenopogon · Stenoptera · Stenorhynchos · Stenorrhynchos · Stenorrhynchus · Stenorrynchos · Stenosarcos · Stenotyla · Stephanothelys · Stephenara · Stephenmonkhouseara · Stereochilus · Stereosandra · Steumpfleara · Steveniella · Stevenorchis · Stichorkis · Stictophyllorchis · Stigmatodactylus · Stigmatorthos · Stigmatosema · Stilbophyllum · Stilifolium · Stimegas · Stolzia · Strateuma · Stricklandara · Suarezia · Sudamerlycaste · Sudamuloa · Sullivania · Summerangis · Summerhayesia · Sunipia · Susanperreiraara · Sutrina · Svenkoeltzia · Sweetara · Symphyglossum · Synadena · Synanthes · Synarmosepalum · Synoplectris · Synptera · Systeloglossum · Taeniophyllum · Taeniorrhiza · Tainia · Tainiopsis · Takakiara · Talpinaria · Tamayorkis · Tanara · Tangtsinia · Tankervillia · Tapeinoglossum · Taprobanea · Tateara · Taurantha · Taurodium · Taurostalix · Teagueia · Telipogon · Teohara · Tetrabaculum · Tetrabroughtanthe · Tetracattleya · Tetracyclia · Tetragamestus · Tetrakeria · Tetramicra · Tetrapeltis · Tetrarthron · Tetratonia · Tetrodon · Tetronichilis · Teuscheria · Thaia · Thecopus · Thecostele · Thelasis · Thelychiton · Thelymitra · Thelyschista · Theodorea · Thesaera · Thicuania · Thiebautia · Thorvaldsenia · Thouarsara · Thrixspermum · Thulinia · Thunia · Thwaitesara · Thynninorchis · Thysanoglossa · Ticoglossum · Tinaea · Tinea · Tipularia · Titania · Toladenia · Tolassia · Tolguezettia · Toluandra · Tolucentrum · Tolumnia · Tolumnopsis · Tolutonia · Tomoderara · Tomzanonia · Townsonia · Trachelosiphon · Trachoma · Trachyrhizum · Traunsteinera · Trautara · Trevorara · Trevoria · Triaristella · Triaristellina · Trias · Tribrachia · Tribulago · Triceratorhynchus · Trichassia · Trichocenilus · Trichocentrum · Trichoceros · Trichochilus · Trichocidiphyllum · Trichocidium · Trichoglottis · Trichonopsis · Trichopilia · Trichopogon · Trichosalpinx · Trichosma · Trichostele · Trichotosia · Trichovanda · Tridachne · Tridactyle · Trigolyca · Trigonidium · Trigonochilum · Triorchis · Triorchos · Triphora · Tripleura · Trisetella · Tritelandra · Trizeuxis · Trophianthus · Tropidia · Tropilis · Trudelia · Tryphia · Tsaiorchis · Tsubotaara · Tubecentron · Tuberlabium · Tuberolabium · Tuberoparaptoceras · Tubilabium · Tulexis · Tulotis · Turnbowara · Tussaca · Twuara · Tylochilus · Tylostigma · Ulantha · Uleiorchis · Uncifera · Unciferia · Unguella · Univiscidiatus · Uptonara · Urochilus · Uropedium · Urostachya · Valinara · Vanachnochilus · Vananthopsis · Vancampe · Vanda · Vandachnis · Vandachostylis · Vandaenopsis · Vandaeranthes · Vandewegheara · Vandirea · Vandofinetia · Vandofinides · Vandoglossum · Vandopirea · Vandopsides · Vandopsis · Vandoritis · Vanglossum · Vanilla · Vanvanda · Vappaculum · Vappodes · Vargasara · Vargasiella · Vascostylis · Vasqueziella · Vaughnara · Ventricularia · Veraara · Verboonenara · Vermeulenia · Vesicisepalum · Vexillabium · Veyretella · Veyretia · Vietorchis · Viraphandhuara · Virichocerog · Vitechilum · Vitecidium · Volkertara · Vonbismarckara · Vriesara · Vrydagzynea · Vuylstekeara · Wailaiara · Waireia · Waironara · Waiyengara · Wallnoeferia · Walnewa · Waluewa · Warasara · Warcatardia · Warchaubeanthes · Warchlerhyncha · Warczatoria · Warczebardia · Warczerhyncha · Warczewiczella · Warczewscaphe · Warmingia · Warnerara · Warrea · Warreella · Warreopsis · Warscaea · Warscatoranthes · Warscewiczella · Warszewiczara · Warszewiczella · Weberbauerara · Wilhelmara · Wilkara · Wilkinsara · Williamcookara · Williampriceara · Wilsonara · Winika · Wiseara · Wolleydodara · Wooara · Wullschlaegelia · X Microcattleya · Xaritonia · Xeilyathum · Xenikophyton · Xenosia · Xerorchis · Xerriara · Xiphizusa · Xiphosium · Xylobium · Yapara · Yinmunara · Yinwaiara · Yithoeara · Yoania · Yolanda · Yoneoara · Yonezawaara · Youngyouthara · Ypsilactyle · Ypsilopus · Yusofara · Zelemnia · Zelenchostele · Zelencidiostele · Zelencidopsis · Zelenettia · Zelengomestele · Zelenkoa · Zelenkocidium · Zellahuntanthes · Zelomguezia · Zeloncidesa · Zelumguezia · Zelyrtodium · Zetagyne · Zeuxine · Zeuxinella · Zhukowskia · Zoduba · Zoophora · Zootrophion · Zosterophyllanthos · Zosterostylis · Zygobardia · Zygobatemannia · Zygocaste · Zygodisanthus · Zygoglossum · Zygolum · Zygomenzella · Zygoneria · Zygonisia · Zygopabstia · Zygopetalon · Zygopetalum · Zygoscaphe · Zygosepalum · Zygostates · Zygostylis · Zygotoria · Zygowarrea · Zygozella
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 192,085 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Family Orchidaceae.
Genera
Aa
AA may refer to: [more]
Abaxianthus
Abdominea
Abdominea minimiflora, or the Tiny-flowered Abdominea, is a very rare monopodial epiphytic orchid species and the only species of the monospecific genus Abdominea. It is distributed from Thailand to the Malay peninsula, Java, and the Philippines. [more]
Aberconwayara
Aberrantia
Aberrantia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Abola
Acacallis
Acacallis Lindl. 1853, was a small South American genus with a few species from the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Acampe
Acampe, abbreviated as Acp in horticultural trade, is a genus of seven monopodial, epiphytic vandaceous species of orchids, distributed from tropical Africa to India, eastwards to China and southwards to Malaya, Indonesia, the Philippines and New Guinea. The name Acampe was derived from the Greek word akampas, meaning "rigid", referring to the little, brittle, inflexible flowers. [more]
Acampostylis
Acanthephippium
Acanthephippium is a genus of orchid with twelve species (family Orchidaceae). The name of this genus is derived from the Greek words acanthos ("spiny") and ephippion ("saddle"), referring to the saddle-like labellum of the plants. [more]
Acanthophippium
Aceras
Xenophrys aceras is a species of amphibian in the Megophryidae family. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. [more]
Aceratorchis
Aceratorchis is a small genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). [more]
Achlydosa
Achroanthes
Malaxis, commonly Adder's Mouth, is a genus of terrestrial and semiepiphytic orchids. The generic name signifies "smooth" and alludes to the tender texture of the lamina. There are approximately 250 species. [more]
Acianthella
Acianthella ("Elf Orchids") is a small genus of tropical ground orchids previously included in Acianthus but is now distinguished "by tiny green flowers on long thin ovaries, sepals of similar shape and size, lacking apical clubs, narrow petals and no basal glands on the labellum." There are about 7 species altogether, 2 endemic in Australia, and 5 in New Caledonia. Both the Australian species are self-pollinating and very difficult to grow. It was described by David LLoyd Jones and Mark Alwin Clements in 2004. The type-species is Acianthella amplexicaulis. [more]
Acianthera
Acianthera is an extremely new genus of orchids, consisting of species formerly placed under Pleurothallis subgenus Acianthera. This splitting is a result of recent DNA sequencing. [more]
Acianthopsis
Acianthus
Acianthus (Brown, 1810) is a small genus of 9 species, 8 endemic in Australia and 1 in New Zealand, from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). Previously there were more species included in Acianthus, but about half of them have now been redistributed to other genuses, such as Acianthella. [more]
Acinbreea
Acineta
Acineta, abbreviated as Acn in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word 'akinetos' (immobile), referring to the rigid labellum (lip). [more]
Acinopetala
Aciopea
Ackermania
Ackermania is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), classified in the subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Maxillarieae, subtribe . This newly created genus, in alliance with Chondrorhyncha, is named after James D. Ackerman, an American orchid taxonomist. [more]
Acoidium
Trichocentrum, often abbreviated Trctm in horticulture, is a genus in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It was described by Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher and Eduard Friedrich Poeppig in 1836; the type species is the (T. pulchrum). This genus alone makes up the monogeneric Trichocentrum alliance, a quite distinct lineage of the subtribe Oncidiinae [more]
Acoridium
Acostaea
Acostaea is a genus of in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) which comprises four species native to Central and South America, the most common of which is A. costaricensis. The species are all very small, with the lateral sepals of the flower fused into a synsepal. The lip responds to touch by snapping upward against the column, which serves to trap an insect temporarily and force it to pollinate the flower. All species have two pollinia. [more]
Acriopsis
Acriopsis, is a genus of orchids and the sole member of its subtribe, the Acriopsidinae. [more]
Acrochaene
Acrochaene is a genus of orchids, with 2 species endemic to India and Southeast Asia. [more]
Acrolophia
Acrolophia is a genus of orchids, with 7 species. [more]
Acronia
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Acropera
G. subg. Acropera is a subgenus of Gongora, containing seven species. [more]
Acrorchis
Acrorchis 1990, is a monotypic genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae), subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Epidendreae, subtribe Laeliinae. [more]
Ada
Adactylus
Apostasia is a genus of primitive orchids (family Orchidaceae), comprising 7 terrestrial species. [more]
Adaglossum
Adamantinia
Adamantinia is a monotypic genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae), described in 2004 by and Cezar Neubert Gon?alves. The name is a reference to Chapada Diamantina, Brazil, where this species comes from. [more]
Adelopetalum
Adenochilus
Adenochilus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Adenoncos
The genus Adenoncos is a member of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of 20 species endemic to Malaysia through New Guinea. [more]
Adenostylis
Adipe
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers. [more]
Adrorhizon
Adrorhizon purpurascens is a species of orchid (family Orchidaceae). It is the only species in the genus Adrorhizon and of the subtribe Adrorhizinae. [more]
Aeeridium
Aenhenrya
Aeonia
Oeonia is a genus of rare orchids (family (Orchidaceae) comprising ten species native to Madagascar and the Mascarenes. [more]
Aerachnochilus
Aerangaeris
Aerangis
Aerangis, abbreviated as Aergs in horticultural trade, is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name of this genus has been derived from the Greek words 'aer' (air) and 'angos' (urn), referring to the form of the lip. It is the type genus of the subtribe Aerangidinae. Approximately 50 species in this genus are known mostly from tropical Africa, but also from the Comoros Islands, Madagascar and Sri Lanka. [more]
Aeranthes
Aeranthes, abbreviated Aerth in the horticultural trade, is an orchid genus with 47 species, mostly from shady, tropical humid forests in Zimbabwe, Madagascar and islands in the Western Indian Ocean. The name "aeranthes" means 'aerial flower', because it grows high in the air. [more]
Aeranthus
Aeranthes, abbreviated Aerth in the horticultural trade, is an orchid genus with 47 species, mostly from shady, tropical humid forests in Zimbabwe, Madagascar and islands in the Western Indian Ocean. The name "aeranthes" means 'aerial flower', because it grows high in the air. [more]
Aerasconetia
Aeridachnis
Aerides
Aerides also known as the Cat's-tail Orchid or the Fox Brush Orchid, is a genus belonging to the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Vandeae, subtribe Aeridinae). It is a group of tropical epiphyte orchids that grow mainly in the warm low-lands of the tropics of Asia that are highly prized in horticulture for their racemes of showy, intensely fragrant, and colorful flowers. [more]
Aeriditis
Aeridocentrum
Aeridochilus
Aeridofinetia
Aeridoglossum
Aeridoglottis
Aeridopsis
Aeridostachya
Eria is a large genus of orchids with more than 500 species distributed in tropical Asia, Malaysia, Australia, Polynesia and other Pacific islands. [more]
Aeridovanda
? Aeridovanda, abbreviated in trade journals Aerdv, is an intergeneric hybrid between the orchid genera Aerides and Vanda (Aer x V). [more]
Aerobion
The genus Angraecum, abbreviated as Angcm in horticultural trade, common name Angrek (Indonesian and Malay) or Comet Orchid, contains about 220 species, some of them among most magnificent of all orchids. They are quite varied vegetatively and florally and are adapted to dry tropical woodland habitat and have quite fleshy leaves as a consequence. Most are epiphytes, but a few are lithophytes. [more]
Aganisia
Aganisia Lindl. 1839, is a small South American genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), subfamily Epidendroideae. [more]
Agasepalum
Aggeianthus
Aglossorhyncha
Aglossorrhyncha
Aglossorrhyncha is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Agrostophyllum
Agrostylum is a genus with about ninety species from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The genus name is derived from the Greek words agrostis ("grass") and phyllos ("leaf"), referring to the grass-like appearance of the leaves of some species. [more]
Aitkenara
Ala
Alamania
Alamania punicea is a species of orchid and the only species of the genus Alamania. [more]
Alantuckerara
Alaticaulia
Alatiglossum
Alatiliparis
Liparis is a genus of orchids, commonly known as false twayblade. It comprises about 200 species with cosmopolitan distribution. Most species bear dull-colored, purplish flowers in a terminal spike. [more]
Aliceara
? Aliceara, abbreviated Alcra. in the horticultural trade, is the nothogenus for intergeneric hybrids between the orchid genera Brassia, Miltonia and Oncidium (Brs. x Milt. x Onc.). [more]
Alipsa
Alismorchis
Alismorkis
Calanthe ? commonly abbreviated Cal. in horticulture ? is a widespread genus of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae) with some 170 species. [more]
Allochilus
Alphonsoara
Altensteinia
Altensteinia is a genus of orchid. It is found in the Andean region of South America and has seven accepted species. [more]
Alvisia
Eria is a large genus of orchids with more than 500 species distributed in tropical Asia, Malaysia, Australia, Polynesia and other Pacific islands. [more]
Alwisia
Amalia
Amalia a-ma-lia may refer to: [more]
Amalias
Amaliada (Greek: ??a???da, Katharevousa: ??a????, Amalias) is a town and a former municipality in northwestern Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ilida, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. As of 2001, the municipal unit has 32,090 inhabitants, of whom 18,261 live in the town of Amaliada. It is near the archaeological site of Elis, the city-state whose territory was the site of the ancient Olympic Games. It is situated in the plains of Elis, 6 km from the Ionian Sea. It is 10 km southeast of Gastouni, 16 km northwest of Pyrgos and 60 km southwest of Patras. [more]
Amblostoma
Encyclia is a genus of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek enkykleomai ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is E. [more]
Amblyanthe
Dendrobium is a huge genus of orchids. It was established by Olof Swartz in 1799 and today contains about 1,200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron ("tree") and bios ("life"); it means "one who lives on trees", or, essentially, "epiphyte". [more]
Amblyanthus
Dendrobium, abbreviated as Den in horticultural trade, is a large genus of tropical orchids that consists of about 1200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron (meaning tree) and bios (meaning life). [more]
Amblyglottis
Calanthe ? commonly abbreviated Cal. in horticulture ? is a widespread genus of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae) with some 170 species. [more]
Ambrella
Ambrella (????????? Kabushiki-Gaisha Amuburera) is a Japanese video game development company that works under a publishing agreement with Nintendo best known for making spin-off games for the Pok?mon video game franchise. Ambrella was formerly a part of Marigul Management Inc.. [more]
Amerorchis
Amerorchis is a monotypic genus of the orchid family Orchidaceae containing Amerorchis rotundifolia, commonly called Small Round-leaved Orchid or simply Round-leaved Orchis, found throughout Canada and some northern US states. [more]
Amesangis
Amesia
Amesiella
Amesiella is a genus of orchid endemic to the island, Luzon, in the Philippines. [more]
Amitostigma
Amitostigma Schltr. 1919, is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). [more]
Amparoa
Amparoa is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Amphigena
Amphigena is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Amphiglottis
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Amphorchis
Ampliglossum
Anabarlia
Anacamptiplatanthera
Anacamptis
Anacamptis is a genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae); it is often abbreviated as Ant in horticulture. This genus was established by Louis Claude Richard in 1817; the type species is the Pyramidal Orchid (A. pyramidalis) and it nowadays contains about one-third of the species placed in the "wastebin genus" Orchis before this was split up at the end of the 20th century, among them many that are of hybrid origin. The genus' scientific name is derived from the Greek word anakamptein, meaning "to bend backwards". [more]
Anacamptorchis
Anacheilium
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Anagymnorhiza
Anaphorkis
Anathallis
Anathallis is a genus of orchid, comprising about 97 species. [more]
Ancipitia
Ancipitia is a genus of orchids originating from South America, currently consisting of 28 species. This genus was once considered part of Pleurothallis and, since publication in 2004 as a separate genus, is not yet fully accepted in all botanical forums. [more]
Ancistrochilus
Ancistrochilus is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), comprising only 2 species. The name is derived from the Greek words ankistron ("hook") and cheilos ("lip"), referring to the form of the lip. [more]
Ancistrorhynchus
Ancistrorhynchus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Andersonara
Andinia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Andrewckara
Androchilus
Androcorys
Androcorys is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Angorchis
The genus Angraecum, abbreviated as Angcm in horticultural trade, common name Angrek (Indonesian and Malay) or Comet Orchid, contains about 220 species, some of them among most magnificent of all orchids. They are quite varied vegetatively and florally and are adapted to dry tropical woodland habitat and have quite fleshy leaves as a consequence. Most are epiphytes, but a few are lithophytes. [more]
Angraecentrum
Angraecopsis
Angraecopsis is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It was first described by Fritz Kraenzlin in 1900 and given its name on account with the genus' similarity to Angraecum species. Angraecopsis are endemic to Africa and nearby islands. The growth habit is rather small and the leaves emerge from a woody stem. [more]
Angraecostylis
Angraecum
The genus Angraecum, abbreviated as Angcm in horticultural trade, common name Angrek (Indonesian and Malay) or Comet Orchid, contains about 220 species, some of them among most magnificent of all orchids. They are quite varied vegetatively and florally and are adapted to dry tropical woodland habitat and have quite fleshy leaves as a consequence. Most are epiphytes, but a few are lithophytes. [more]
Angraecyrtanthes
Angraeorchis
Angrangis
Angranthellea
Angranthes
Angreoniella
Anguloa
Anguloa, commonly known as tulip orchids, is a small orchid genus closely related to Lycaste. Its abbreviation in horticulture is Ang. This genus was described by Jos? Antonio Pav?n and Hip?lito Ruiz L?pez in 1798. They named it in honor of , a contemporary Peruvian who collected orchids as a hobby and by this way had become quite knowledgeable about these plants, assisting the botanists in their work. [more]
Angulocaste
Ania
Anisodontea
Anisodontea is a genus in the tribe Malveae in the family Malvaceae. It comprises twenty-one species native to South Africa. Members of the genus typically bear toothed leaves with three or five palmate, uneven lobes. Members of the genus also typically bear flowers with a pubescent calyx, a five-petaled corolla streaked from the center and pink to magenta in color, and stamens with anthers of a dark color. [more]
Anisopetala
Anisopetalum
Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. With more than 2,000 species, it is also one of the largest genera of flowering plants, exceeded only by Astragalus. This genus is abbreviated in the trade journals as Bulb. [more]
Anneliesia
Miltonia, abbreviated Milt. in the horticultural trade, is an orchid genus formed by nine epiphyte species and eight natural hybrids inhabitants of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one species reaching the northeast of Argentina and east of Paraguay. This genus was established by John Lindley in 1837, when he described its type species, Miltonia spectabilis. Many species were attributed to Miltonia in the past, however, today, the species from Central America and from cooler areas on northwest of South America have been moved to other genera. Miltonia species have large and long lasting flowers, often in multifloral inflorescences. This fact, allied to being species that are easy to grow and to identify, make them a favorite of orchid collectors all over the world. Species of this genus are extensively used to produce artificial hybrids. [more]
Anochilus
Anoectochilus
Anoectochilus is a genus of about 50 orchids (family Orchidaceae) belonging to the subfamily Orchidoideae. They are sometimes called "Jewel orchids" because of their attractive foliar venation. [more]
Anoectodes
Anota
Ansellia
Ansidium
Anteriorchis
Anacamptis is a genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae); it is often abbreviated as Ant in horticulture. This genus was established by Louis Claude Richard in 1817; the type species is the Pyramidal Orchid (A. pyramidalis) and it nowadays contains about one-third of the species placed in the "wastebin genus" Orchis before this was split up at the end of the 20th century, among them many that are of hybrid origin. The genus' scientific name is derived from the Greek word anakamptein, meaning "to bend backwards". [more]
Anthereon
Anthogonium
Anthogonium is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae), comprising one species found in the Himalayan region and China. [more]
Anthosiphon
Anthosiphon is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Antilla
Antilla can mean: [more]
Anzybas
Aorchis
Aorchis Vermeulen 1972, is a small genus of two terrestrial species from the orchid family (Orchidaceae), subfamily Orchidoideae, tribe Orchideae, subtribe Orchidinae. [more]
Apatostelis
Apaturia
Apaturia (Greek: ) were Ancient Greek festivals held annually by all the Ionian towns, except Ephesus and Colophon. At Athens the Apaturia took place on the 11th, 12th and 13th days of the month Pyanepsion (mid-October to mid-November), on which occasion the various phratries, or clans, of Attica met to discuss their affairs. [more]
Apetalon
Didymoplexis is a genus of 17 species of leafless, chids. Their rhizomes have aerial roots. Flowers are solitary, resupinate, and arranged into terminal or subterminal raceme. In particular, one dorsal sepal is fused with the petals forming a hoodlike structure. [more]
Aphyllorchis
Aphyllorchis, commonly Pauper Orchids, is a genus of 30 species of terrestrial leafless orchids native to South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia. [more]
Aplectrum
Aplectrum hyemale is a species of orchids (family Orchidaceae) and the sole species of the genus Aplectrum. The generic name comes from Greek and signifies "spurless". The species is commonly referred to as Adam and Eve or putty root, the latter refers to the mucilaginous fluid which can be removed from the tubers when they are crushed. [more]
Aplostellis
Apoda-Prorepentia
Aporopsis
Aporostylis
Aporostylis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Aporum
Dendrobium is a huge genus of orchids. It was established by Olof Swartz in 1799 and today contains about 1,200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron ("tree") and bios ("life"); it means "one who lives on trees", or, essentially, "epiphyte". [more]
Apostasia
, deriving from Greek ap?, apo, "away, apart", stas??, stasis, "standing". [more]
Appendicula
Appendicula is a genus of orchids with more than 130 species distributed in India, Indonesia, New Guinea , the Philippines, New Caledonia and the Pacific islands, with one species, A. australiensis endemic in Australia. The genus Chilopogon is sometimes included here. [more]
Appletonara
Aracampe
Aracamunia
Arachnadenia
Arachnanthe
The genus Arachnis, abbreviated as Arach in horticultural trade, is a member of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of more than 20 species native to Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. [more]
Arachnis
Arachnis is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae, subfamily Arctiinae. [more]
Arachnites
Arachnites is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Arachnocentron
Arachnochilus
Arachnoglossum
Arachnopsis
Arachnorchis
Arachnostylis
Aranda
Aranda has several meanings: Places and events: [more]
Aranthera
Archineottia
Archineottia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Archivea
Areldia
Areldia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Arethusa
Herbs, perennial. Roots few, slender, fleshy. Stems scapose, at base a bulbous corm. Leaves solitary, basal; blade subtended by 2-3 tubular sheaths, obscurely plicate, linear-lanceolate, developing during and after anthesis. Inflorescences terminal; floral bracts minute. Flowers solitary (rarely 2), resupinate, erect, showy; anther with pair of soft yellow-green pollinia; stigma emergent, with free lateral lobes. Fruits capsules, erect.[1] [more]
Arethusantha
Argyrorchis
Arietinum
Cypripedium is a genus of 47 species of hardy, lady's-slipper orchids native to temperate and colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [more]
Arisanorchis
Aristotelea
Armodachnis
Armodorum
Armodorum is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Arnottia
Arnottia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Arphophyllum
Arpophyllum
Arpophyllum is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Arrhynchium
Arthrochilium
Arthrochilus
Arthrochilus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Arthurara
Artorima
Artorima is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Arundina
The bamboo orchid (Arundina graminifolia; syn. Arundina bambusifolia Lindl., Arundina speciosa Blume, Bletia graminifolia D.Don) is a species of orchid and the sole of the genus Arundina. This tropical Asiatic genus extends from India, Nepal, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, South China to Indonesia and across the Pacific Islands. It has been introduced in Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Panama and Hawaii. [more]
Asarca
Asarca is an orchid genus in the family Orchidaceae that has 83 species. [more]
Ascandopsis
Aschersonara
Ascidieria
Ascocenda
? Ascocenda, abbreviated as Ascda in the horticultural trade, is a man-made hybrid orchid genus resulting from a cross between Ascocentrum and Vanda (Asctm ? V). It was first described in Orchid Rev. 57: 172 (1949). [more]
Ascocentrochilus
Ascocentropsis
Ascocentrum
Ascochilopsis
Ascochilus
Ascocleinetia
Ascocleiserides
Ascodenia
Ascofadanda
Ascofinetia
? Ascofinetia, abbreviated Ascf in the horticultrual trade, is an intergeneric hybrid between the orchid genera Ascocentrum and Neofinetia (Asctm x Neof). [more]
Ascogastisia
Ascoglossum
Ascoglossum, abbreviated as Ascgm in horticultural trade, is a monotypic genus of epiphytic orchids in family Orchidaceae. [more]
Ascolabium
Ascocentrum, abbreviated as Asctm in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The type species is Ascocentrum miniatum (Lindl.) Schltr. ex J. J. Sm. (originally as Saccolabium miniatum Lindl.). [more]
Asconopsis
Ascoparanthera
Ascorachnis
Ascoralda
Ascorenanthochilus
Ascorhynopsis
Ascotainia
Ascovandoritis
Aspacidopsis
Aspacidostele
Aspaleomnia
Aspasia
Aspasia (ca. 470 BC?ca. 400 BC, Greek: ?spas?a; English pronunciation: /?'spe???/) was a Milesian woman who was famous for her involvement with the Athenian statesman Pericles. Very little is known about the details of her life. She spent most of her adult life in Athens, and she may have influenced Pericles and Athenian politics. She is mentioned in the writings of Plato, Aristophanes, Xenophon, and other authors of the day. [more]
Aspasiopsis
Aspasium
Aspegrenia
Octomeria (from Greek "eight part", referring to its 8 pollinia) is a plant genus belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises about 200 species native to the Neotropics, mostly in Brazil. [more]
Aspezia
Aspidogyne
Aspidogyne is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Asplundara
Aspomesa
Aspopsis
Aspostele
Ate
Atopoglossum
Atopoglossum is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Auliza
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Aulosepalum
Aulostylis
Calanthe ? commonly abbreviated Cal. in horticulture ? is a widespread genus of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae) with some 170 species. [more]
Australorchis
Dendrobium is a huge genus of orchids. It was established by Olof Swartz in 1799 and today contains about 1,200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron ("tree") and bios ("life"); it means "one who lives on trees", or, essentially, "epiphyte". [more]
Auxopus
Aviceps
Satyrium may refer to: [more]
Ayubara
Azadehdelia
Azadehdelia is a genus of orchids in the subtribe Aerangidinae. It currently has one species: A. brachyceras. The species epithet refers to the Dipteran suborder Brachycera. [more]
Babtistonia
Bakerara
? Bakerara, abbreviated Bak. in the horticultural trade, is the nothogenus for intergeneric hybrids between the orchid genera Brassia, Miltonia and Odontoglossum (Brs. x Milt. x Odm. x Onc.). [more]
Ballantineara
Banfieldara
Baptistonia
Oncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe Oncidiinae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This is a complex, difficult genus, with many species being reclassified. Calls are made for splitting this genus into multiple genera. [more]
Baravolia
Barbosella
Barbosella is a of mostly creeping orchids. The genus has about 20 species, widespread from Central America to Brazil. Named after João Barbosa Rodrigues, an investigator of Brazilian orchids, they have single flowers with a unique lip base that works like a ball and socket. [more]
Barcatanthe
Barclia
Bardendrum
Barkeranthe
Barkeria
Barkeria, abbreviated Bark in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids originating from Mexico, comprising about 15 species. This genus was once considered part of Epidendrum. [more]
Barkleyadendrum
Barlaceras
Barlaea
Barlia
Barlorchis
Barombia
Aerangis, abbreviated as Aergs in horticultural trade, is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name of this genus has been derived from the Greek words 'aer' (air) and 'angos' (urn), referring to the form of the lip. Approximately 50 species in this genus are known mostly from tropical Africa, but also from the Comoros Islands, Madagascar and Sri Lanka. [more]
Bartholina
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Basiphyllaea
Basiphyllaea is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae) of the Greater Antilles, consisting of 4 species. [more]
Baskervilla
Batemania
Batemannia
Bateostylis
Bathiea
Neobathiea, abbreviated as Nbth in the horticultural trade, is a monophyletic genus of rare orchids (family (Orchidaceae), native to tropical moist broadleaf forests of Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. The genus is named for the French botanist Henri Perrier de la B?thie. [more]
Beadlea
Beallara
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Beardara
Beclardia
Beloglottis
Herbs, terrestrial, sympodial. Roots fasciculate, fleshy, villous. Stems solitary, erect, rhizomatous, short. Leaves several, basal, petiolate; blade not articulate, involute when immature, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, erect, scapose, laxly to densely flowered, slender. Flowers resupinate; perianth tubular; sepals subparallel, distinct or connate at base, apex spreading; lateral sepals with oblique, subdecurrent base; petals parallel and adnate to dorsal sepal; lip clawed, blade white with central green stripe, canaliculate, sagittate, 3-lobed, lateral lobes rounded, midlobe elongate-rounded, margins finely denticulate, lateral margins adnate to sides of column; column short, clinandrium inflated; stigmas 2, adjacent; rostellum erect, 2-lobed, 2-cleft, or 2-dentate, short; anther ovate, concave, base slightly cordate, apex acute; pollinia 4, clavate, soft, mealy; viscidium narrowly elliptic. Fruits capsules, erect, ellipsoid.[2] [more]
Bensteinia
Benthamia
Benthamia is an genus of Orchidaceae family. [more]
Benzingia
Bernardara
Bettsara
Bhutanthera
Bicchia
Bicornella
Biermannia
Bifranisia
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers. [more]
Bifrenidium
Bifreniella
Bilabrella
Binotia
Bipinnula
Birchea
Blephariglottis
Blepharochilum
Bletia
Bletia is a genus of about 30 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae), almost of all of which are terrestrial, some are occasionally lithophytic or epiphytic. It is named after Spanish botanist and pharmacist Don Luis Blet. The genus is distributed from Florida south to Brazil. [more]
Bletiaglottis
Bletilla
Blumeara
Blumeorchis
Bogardara
Bogoria
Bolbicymbidium
Bolbidium
Bolbophyllaria
Bolborchis
Bollea
Bollopetalum
Bolusiella
Bonatea
Bootara
Bothriochilus
Coelia is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae). [more]
Bouletia
Bovornara
Braasiella
Oncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe Oncidiinae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This is a complex, difficult genus, with many species being reclassified. Calls are made for splitting this genus into multiple genera. [more]
Brachionidium
Cup orchids ( Brachionidium) are a group of about 72 species of orchids, found throughout tropical America. The generic name comes from Greek ("little arm") and refers to the protrusions on the stigma. [more]
Brachtia
Brachycladium
Brachycorythis
Brachypeza
Brachystele
Bracisepalum
Bradeara
Braemia
Braemia vittata is a species of and the only species of genus Braemia. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guyana. [more]
Bramesa
Bramiltumnia
Brapacidium
Braparmesa
Brapasia
Brascidostele
Brasicattleya
Brasilidium
Brasilocycnis
Brassacathron
Brassada
Brassanthe
Brassavola
Brassavola is a of 20 orchids (family Orchidaceae). The name comes from the Venetian nobleman and physician Antonio Musa Brassavola. This genus is abbreviated B in trade journals. [more]
Brassia
Brassia is a genus of orchids classified in the Oncidiinae subtribe. The genus was named after , a British botanist and illustrator, who collected plants in Africa under the supervision of Sir Joseph Banks. Its abbreviation in the horticultural trade is Brs. [more]
Brassidiocentrum
Brassidium
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Brassidomesa
Brassocatanthe
Brassocattleya
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Brassochilum
Brassochilus
Brassoepidendrum
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Brassokeria
Brassolaelia
Brassolaeliocattleya
Brassolaeliocattleya (from , Cattleya and Laelia, its parents genera) is a trigeneric hybrid of orchids. The genus is abbreviated Blc in horticultural trade. Among the most spectacular of cultivated orchids, they are particularly valued for the large showy labellum. They are less tolerant of low temperatures than other members of the Cattleya group. [more]
Brassomicra
Brassoncidopsis
Brassophronitis
Brassopsis
Brassostele
Brassotonia
Bratonia
Brenesia
Brevilongium
Brianara
Briegeria
Broanthevola
Brolaelianthe
Brolarchilis
Bromecanthe
Bromheadia
Bromheadia, abbreviated as Brom in horticultural trade, is a of more than 10 species of orchids native to India, Malaysia, Australia and the Pacific islands. The genus constitutes the monotypic alliance Bromheadia. [more]
Brossitonia
Broughtonia
Broughtonia is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae) of the Greater Antilles. The genus is abbreviated Bro in trade journals. [more]
Brownleea
Bryobium
Eria is a large of orchids with more than 500 species distributed in tropical Asia, Malaysia, Australia, Polynesia and other Pacific islands. [more]
Bucculina
Buchtienia
Buesiella
Bulbophyllum
Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. With more than 2,000 species, it is also one of the largest genera of flowering plants, exceeded only by Astragalus. This genus is abbreviated in the trade journals as Bulb. [more]
Bulborobium
Bullara
Bulleyia
Bulleyia is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Bunochilus
Burkillara
Burlingtonia
Burnettia
Burnsbaloghia
Burrageara
Cadetia
Cahuzacara
Caladenia
The genus Caladenia belongs to the subfamily Orchidoideae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The abbreviation Calda. is often used in trade journals to indicate the genus. [more]
Caladeniastrum
Calanthe
Calanthe is a widespread genus of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae) with about 150 species. The genus is found in all tropical areas, but mostly concentrated in Asia. This genus is abbreviated Cal in trade journals. [more]
Calassodia
Calcearia
Calceolus
Caleana
Caleya
Calliphyllon
Callostylis
Caloarethusa
Calochilus
Caloglossum
Calomitra
Calonemorchis
Calopogon
Grass pinks (genus Calopogon) are a group of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae). The generic name is from Greek and means "beautiful beard", referring to the cluster of hairs adorning the labellum. The genus is mainly confined to the United States, with 5 species found in the southeastern U.S., but only one north into Wisconsin and parts of Ontario. The genus Calopogon is abbreviated Cpg in trade journals. [more]
Calopotilla
Caluera
Calymmanthera
Calypso
Herbs, perennial, rather succulent. Roots few, slender, fleshy. Stems scapose; corm slender to stout, fleshy; sheathing bracts usually 2, partially cloaking stem. Leaves produced in autumn, withering spring, solitary, arising from corm, plicate, leathery. Inflorescences terminal, each with 1 flower, arising from corm; floral bract with color of stem or sepals, reduced to prominent. Flowers solitary, resupinate, horizontal to slightly nodding, large, showy; sepals and petals ascending to erect; lip slipper-shaped, with basal orifice and 2 horns near apex, margin of lip dilated, forming bearded, apronlike lamina; pollinarium solitary; pollinia 4, flattened, superposed in 2 pairs flanking axis of pollinarium; viscidia large, quadrangular; stigma concave. Fruits capsules.[3] [more]
Calypsodium
Calyptrochilum
Camaridium
Camarotis
Campanulorchis
Campylocentrum
Herbs, epiphytic, monopodial. Roots velamentous, glabrous. Stems rhizomatous, very reduced [elongate]. Leaves early deciduous (€œleafless species€), articulate, minute [persistent, distichous, leathery]. Inflorescences axillary, spikes [racemes], often secund. Flowers more than 12, distichous, resupinate [not resupinate], small to minute; sepals and petals connivent with spreading apices, distinct; lip distinct and free, basally spurred, margins entire or lobed; column very short; clinandrium prominent, truncate; anther terminal, operculate; pollinia 2, globose, waxy, hard, attached to 1 or 2 filiform stipes; stigma entire; rostellum deeply notched; ovary sessile [pedicellate]. Fruits capsules.[4] [more]
Canacorchis
Cannaeorchis
Capanemia
Cardiochilos
Carenidium
Carparomorchis
Carria
Carterara
Carteretia
Catamangis
Catamodes
Catanoches
Catasandra
Catasellia
Catasetum
Catasetum, abbreviated as Ctsm in horticultural trade, is a of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae), subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Cymbidieae, subtribe Catasetinae, with 166 species. [more]
Catcaullia
Catcylaelia
Cathea
Catminichea
Cattarthrophila
Cattkeria
Cattlassia
Cattleya
Cattleya is a genus of 113 species of orchids from Costa Rica to tropical South America. The genus was named in 1824 by John Lindley after Sir William Cattley who received and successfully cultivated specimens of Cattleya labiata that were used as packing material in a shipment of other orchids made by William Swainson. The genus is abbreviated C in trade journals. [more]
Cattleychea
Cattleyella
Cattleyopsis
Broughtonia is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae) of the Greater Antilles. The genus is abbreviated Bro in trade journals. [more]
Cattleytonia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Cattlianthe
Cattoniphila
Cattotes
Cattychilis
Catyclia
Caucaea
Caulaelia
Caularthron
Caularthron, abbreviated Clrthr in horticultural trade, is a of orchids with 4 species. They are epiphytic orchids with specialized hollow pseudobulbs that house ants. The genus is exclusively found in Amazonia. [more]
Caulavola
Caulbardendrum
Caulkeria
Caulocattleya
Caulophila
Caulrianvola
Caultonia
Caultoniophila
Cautonleya
Centrogenium
Centroglossa
Centropetalum
Centrosia
Centrosis
Centrostigma
Cephalangraecum
Cephalantera
Cephalanthera
Cephalanthera (Ce-pha-lan-thé-ra), abbreviated Ceph in horticultural trade, is a genus of, mostly, terrestrial orchids. Members of this genus have rhizomes rather than tubers. About 15 species are currently recognised, several of them common in Europe, for example the Sword-leaved Helleborine C. longifolia. Most others are native to Asia, ranging from the Caucasus, e.g. C. caucasica, to Japan, e.g. the Bamboo-leaved Silver Orchid C. longibracteata. The Chinese species C. gracilis was only described in 2002. The only species found in North America is the Phantom Orchid or Snow Orchid C. austiniae. Ecologically, this species is partially myco-heterotrophic. Some of the Eurasian species hybridise. [more]
Cephalantheropsis
Cephalepipactis
Cephalopactis
Cepobaculum
Ceraia
Ceratandra
Ceratandropsis
Ceratobium
Ceratocentron
Ceratocentron is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. [more]
Ceratochilus
Ceratopetalorchis
Ceratopsis
Ceratosiella
Ceratostylis
Cerochilus
Cestichis
Chadwickara
Chaenanthe
Chaetocephala
Chamaeangis
Chamaeanthus
Chamaegastrodia
Chamaeleorchis
Chamaerepes
Chamelophyton
Chamorchis
Changnienia
Chapmanara
Charlieara
Chaseella
Chaubardia
Chaubardiella
Chaubewiczella
Chauliodon
Cheiradenia
Cheirorchis
Cheirostylis
Chelonanthera
Chelonistele
Chelyorchis
Chewara
Chilocentrum
Chilochista
Chiloglottis
Chiloglottis is a small genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Chilopogon
Chiloschista
Chilosimpliglottis
Chiloterus
Chitonanthera
Chloidia
Chloraea
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Chlorosa
Choeradoplectron
Chondradenia
Chondrobollea
Chondrorhyncha
Chondroscaphe
Chrisanda
Chrisanthera
Chrisnopsis
Christensonia
Christenstylis
Christieara
Christocentrum
Chromatotriccum
Chroniochilus
Chrysobaphus
Chrysocycnis
Chrysoglossum
Chuanyenara
Chuatianara
Chusua
Chyletia
Chysis
Chysis is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae), consisting of about 5 species which originate from Mexico to Peru. Only two or three of these are commonly found in cultivation. The genus is abbreviated Chy in trade journals. [more]
Chytroglossa
Cionisaccus
Cirrhaea
Cirrhopea
Cirrhopetalum
Cischweinfia
Cischweinidium
Claderia
Cladobium
Claudehamiltonara
Clausia
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Cleisocalpa
Cleisocentron
Cleisodes
Cleisofinetia
Cleisomeria
Cleisonopsis
Cleisopera
Cleisoquetia
Cleisostoma
Cleisostomopsis
Cleisostylis
Cleisotheria
Cleistes
Cleistes is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae. [more]
Clematepistephium
Clomophyllum
Cloughara
Clowenoches
Clowesetum
Clowesia
Cnemidia
Coccineorchis
Cochleanthes
The Cochleanthes is made up of fifteen species of orchids which originate from South America. The name Cochleanthes refers to the shape of the flower (in Greek, cochlos means "shell" and anthos means "flower"). [more]
Cochlesteinella
Cochlezella
Cochlia
Cochlioda
Cocleorchis
Codonorchis
Codonosiphon
Coelandria
Coelia
Coelia is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae). [more]
Coeliopsis
Coeloglossgymnadenia
Coeloglosshabenaria
Coeloglossogymnadenia
Coeloglossorchis
Coeloglossum
The Frog Orchid, or Coeloglossum viride, also known as the Long-Bracted Green Orchid and Dactylorhiza viridis is a monotypic genus of the family Orchidaceae generally found within the palearctic ecozone throughout the mid to northern United States through Canada, and in the British Isles and parts of Western Europe. It is typically found growing in moist, rich soil in wet meadows, moist or wet deciduous woods and thickets, and is frequently found on steep slopes. [more]
Coelogyne
Cohniella
Coilochilus
Coilostylis
Colax
Collabiopsis
Collabium
Collare-Stuartense
Collea
Collierara
Colmanara
Colombiana
Comparettia
Comparumnia
Compelenzia
Comperia
Comptoglossum
Conattleya
Conchochilus
Condylago
Condylago rodrigoi is a of orchids and the sole species of the genus Condylago (kon-deh-LAH-goh). The generic name refers to the articulation of the lip which, like the genus Acostaea. is sensitive and snaps up when triggered. The leaves are up to about 4" long. Each inflorescence has many flowers and each flower may last for several months. This orchid has no pseudobulbs. The species is uniquely found in Colombia at altitudes ranging from 4,600 feet (1,400 m) to 5,250 feet (1,600 m). [more]
Conopsidium
Conostalix
Constantia
Cooktownia
Coppensia
Corallorhiza
Corallorhiza, the coralroot orchids, is a genus of flowers in the orchid family. Most species are leafless, relying entirely upon symbiotic fungi within their coral-shaped roots for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy within their mycorrhizae, they cannot be successfully cultivated. [more]
Corallorrhiza
Corallorhiza, the coralroot orchids, is a genus of flowers in the orchid family. Most species are leafless, relying entirely upon symbiotic fungi within their coral-shaped roots for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy within their mycorrhizae, they cannot be successfully cultivated. [more]
Cordanthera
Cordiglottis
Cordula
Cordula may mean: [more]
Cordylestylis
Coronadoara
Correllara
Corunastylis
Coryanthes
Coryanthes, commonly known as Bucket Orchids, is a genus of tropical epiphytic orchids. This genus is abbreviated as Crths in horticultural trade. [more]
Corybas
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Corycium
Coryhopea
Corymbis
Corymborchis
Corymborkis
Corysanthes
Costaricaea
Cottonia
Cotylolabium
Crangonorchis
Cranichis
Herbs terrestrial, sympodial. Roots several, fasciculate, thick, villous. Stems simple, rhizomatous. Leaves 1-many, often forming basal rosette; blade petiolate, not articulate, thin. Inflorescences terminal, several- to many-flowered racemes, erect; scape with a few sheathing bracts. Flowers not resupinate; sepals and petals spreading, distinct, thin; lip concave, fleshy; column cylindric, short; anther erect, abaxial; pollinia 4, clavate, mealy, breaking apart in chunks, not powdery, attached to caudicle; stigma entire; rostellum apical, viscidium terminal; ovary pedicellate. Fruits capsules, erect.[5] [more]
Crawshayara
Cremastra
Crepidium
Cribbia
Crinonia
Criosanthes
Crocodeilanthe
Crossoglossa
Crybe
Cryptanthemis
Cryptarrhena
Cryptarrhena is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae) with about 4 species. It is the only genus comprised by the tribe Cryptarrheneae. [more]
Cryptocentrum
Cryptocentrum is a neotropical genus of orchid that grows as far north as Nicaragua and south to Bolivia, with seventeen species known to date. The Guayana Region is also fostering two species. [more]
Cryptochilus
Cryptophoranthus
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Cryptopus
Cryptopylos
Cryptosanus
Cryptostylis
Ctenorchis
Cucumeria
Cuitlacidium
Cuitlauzina
Cuitlauzinia
Cuitlumnia
Cutsis
Cyanaeorchis
Cyanicula
Cyanthera
Cyathoglottis
Sobralia is a genus of about 125 orchids (family Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe Sobraliinae. [more]
Cybebus
Cybelion
Cycatonia
Cyclodes
Cyclopogon
Herbs, terrestrial, sympodial. Roots fasciculate, fleshy, villous. Stems simple, rhizomatous. Leaves few to many, basal, petiolate; blade not articulate, convolute, mostly ovate to elliptic, soft. Inflorescences terminal, many-flowered spikes or racemes, erect; scapes bracteate. Flowers resupinate, horizontal, greenish or yellowish green, small; sepals subparallel, distinct or connate at base, forming obscure mentum with base of column or sepaline nectar tube; petals connivent with dorsal sepal; lip clawed, sagittate to cordate, constricted proximal to apex; lateral margins appressed to sides of column; column erect; pollinia 2, clavate-oblong, mealy; stylar canal entrance central; stigma lobes 2, distinct or approximate; rostellum longer than wide; viscidium relatively large, disc-shaped; ovary sessile or subsessile. Fruits capsules.[6] [more]
Cyclosia
Cycnandra
Cycnoches
Cycnodes
Cycnophyllum
Cycsellia
Cydoniorchis
Cylindrolobus
Cymaclosetum
Cymasetum
Cymbidiella
Cymbidimangis
Cymbidium
Cymbidium, or boat orchids, is a genus of 52 evergreen species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. It was first described by Olof Swartz in 1799. The name is derived from the Greek word kumbos, meaning 'hole, cavity'. It refers to the form of the base of the lip. The genus is abbreviated Cym in horticultural trade. [more]
Cymbiglossum
Cymbipetalum
Cymboglossum
Cymnadenia
Cymphiella
Cynorchis
Cynorkis
Cynosorchis
Cyperorchis
Cyphochilus
Cypholoron
Cypridpedium
Cypripedilon
Cypripedilum
Cypripedium
Cypripedium is a genus of 47 species of hardy, lady's-slipper orchids native to temperate and colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [more]
Cyrassostele
Cyrtellia
Cyrtidiorchis
Cyrtidium
Cyrtobrassidium
Cyrtobrassonia
Cyrtochiloides
Cyrtochilum
Cyrtocidistele
Cyrtocidium
Cyrtoglottis
Cyrtogomestele
Cyrtolauzina
Cyrtollaria
Cyrtoncidopsis
Cyrtoniopsis
Cyrtopasia
Cyrtopera
Cyrtopodium
Herbs, terrestrial or epiphytic, cespitose. Stems pseudobulbs, ovate-fusiform. Leaves deciduous, distichous; blade articulate, plicate, leathery, apex acuminate. Inflorescences from base of pseudobulbs, racemes to panicles, erect; floral bracts large, showy, margins undulate. Flowers resupinate, showy; sepals and petals membranaceous, margins often conspicuously undulate; lip adnate to apex of column foot, subsessile to conspicuously clawed, conspicuously 3-lobed, disc with tuberculate, cristate, or verrucose callus; column slightly arcuate, sometimes nearly club-shaped, semiterete, forming conspicuous foot; anther terminal, incumbent, operculate, imperfectly 2-locular; pollinia 2, yellow, nearly triangular, sulcate, cartilaginous, attached to short, trowel-shaped viscidium. Fruits capsules, pendent, pear-shaped.[7] [more]
Cyrtorchis
Cyrtosia
Cyrtostele
Cyrtostylis
Cyrtostylis is a genus of orchid. [more]
Cystorchis
Cytherea
Cytherea may refer to be: [more]
Cytheris
Dactylanthera
Dactyleucorchis
Dactylitella
Dactylocamptis
Dactylodenia
Dactyloglossum
Dactylogymnadenia
Dactylorchis
Dactylorhiza
Dactylorhiza (as named by Necker ex Nevski, 1937), is a genus of terrestrial (ground-dwelling) plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). [more]
Dactylorhynchus
Dactylorhyza
Dactylorrhiza
Dactylostalix
Daiotyla
Danhatchia
Darwinara
Darwiniera
Dasyglossum
Davejonesia
Debarriara
Debruyneara
Deceptor
Degarmoara
Degranvillea
Deiregyne
Herbs, perennial, terrestrial. Roots tuberous, fascicled, fleshy. Stems with foliaceous sheaths. Leaves usually absent at anthesis, basal or cauline, base cuneate. Inflorescences terminally flowered spikes. Flowers resupinate; perianth parts distinct and/or free; sepals similar, basally connivent, forming inflated nectary; lip free, oblong-ovate, arcuate, base conduplicate, apex acute; column partially adnate to dorsal sepal, not inflated adaxially at base; anther ovate-cucullate, margins entire; viscidium rounded; rostellum longer than wide; stigma 2-lobed at apex. Fruits capsules.[8] [more]
Delouvrexara
Demorchis
Dendrobium
Dendrobium is a huge genus of orchids. It was established by Olof Swartz in 1799 and today contains about 1,200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron ("tree") and bios ("life"); it means "one who lives on trees", or, essentially, "epiphyte". [more]
Dendrochilium
Dendrochilum
Dendrocolla
Dendrocoryne
Dendrodium
Dendrogeria
Dendrolirium
Dendrophylax
Herbs epiphytic, monopodial. Roots velamentous, fleshy, glabrous. Stems very short. Leaves early deciduous, conduplicate, articulate, sessile, minute. Inflorescences axillary, 1-10-flowered racemes; peduncle slender. Flowers resupinate, large; sepals and petals similar, spreading, distinct and free, lanceolate; lip free, 3-lobed, small to very large, lateral lobes relatively short, middle lobe entire or deeply lobed, basal spur elongate; column very short, without foot; clinandrium prominent, truncate; anthers terminal, incumbent, operculate; pollinia 2, globose, waxy, hard, attached to single or separate stipes; stigma entire; rostellum deeply notched; ovary pedicellate. Fruits capsules, narrowly cylindric, ribbed.[9] [more]
Dendrorchis
Dendrorkis
Denslovia
Deppia
Deroemeria
Devereuxara
Devogelia
Devriesara
Diacrium
Caularthron, abbreviated Clrthr in horticultural trade, is a of orchids with 4 species. They are epiphytic orchids with specialized hollow pseudobulbs that house ants. The genus is exclusively found in Amazonia. [more]
Diadenium
Dialaeliocattleya
Diaphanangis
Diaphananthe
Diceratostele
Dicerostylis
Dichaea
Dichaeopsis
Dichopus
Dichromanthus
Herbs, perennial, terrestrial. Roots tuberous, fascicled, fleshy. Stems with foliaceous sheaths. Leaves present at anthesis, basal or cauline. Inflorescences terminal, spikes, glabrous proximally, glabrous or pubescent distally. Flowers resupinate; perianth parts distinct and/or free, strongly recurved, yellow-orange to scarlet; sepals similar, basally connivent, with flared apex; lip sessile, base conduplicate; column partially adnate to dorsal sepal, with decurrent foot, short, pubescent; anther ovate-cucullate, margins entire; viscidium oblong-linear; rostellum oblong; stigma 2-lobed at apex. Fruits capsules.[10] [more]
Dichromoglottis
Dickasonia
Dicranotaenia
Dicrophyla
Dicrypta
Dictyophyllaria
Didactyle
Didactylus
Didiciea
Didothion
Didymoplexiella
Didymoplexiopsis
Didymoplexis
Dienia
Diglyphosa
Dignathe
Digomphotis
Dikylikostigma
Dilochia
Dilochiopsis
Dilomilis
Dilomilis is a genus of orchids, (family Orchidaceae), consisting of five species in the Greater Antilles. [more]
Dimerandra
Dimorphorchis
Dinema
Encyclia is a genus of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek enkykleomai ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is E. [more]
Dinklageella
Diodonopsis
Diothonea
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Diovallia
Dipera
Diphryllum
Diphyes
Diphylax
Diplacorchis
Diplandrorchis
Diplecthrum
Diplocaulobium
Diplocentrum
Diploconchium
Diplodium
Diplogastra
Diplolabellum
Diplomeris
Diplonopsis
Diploprora
Dipodium
Dipteranthus
Dipterostele
Disa
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Discyphus
Disperis
Disperis is a genus of 74 species distributed in tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, Mascarenes, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Ryukyu Islands, China, Taiwan, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Philippines, New Guinea, and Carolines. Disperis refers to the pouches formed by the lateral sepals and its derivation from the Latin words "di" meaning double and "pera" meaning wallet or sac. [more]
Disticholiparis
Distichorchis
Distomaea
Distylodon
Diteilis
Dithyranthus
Dithyridanthus
Dituilis
Ditulima
Diuris
Diuris is a genus of herbaceous plant belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae), with more than fifty described species. The genus is presently being revised, with many newly described species. [more]
Dixuanara
Dockrillia
All leaved Dendrobium species from Australia and Papua New Guinea have been moved into a newly created genus, Dockrillia, named after Alick Dockrill, a contemporary Australian orchidologist. Dockrillia are ephiphytic or lithophytic plants, and found mainly along the east coast of Australia. [more]
Dodara
Dodsonia
Dolichocentrum
Domingleya
Domingoa
Domintonia
Dominyara
Donaestelaara
Dorandopsis
Doredirea
Doricentrum
Dorifinetia
Doriglossum
Doristylis
Doritaenopsis
Doritis
Dormanara
Dorthera
Dorycheile
Dossinia
Dossinochilus
Dossinodes
Dossinyera
Dossisia
Dothilis
Dothilophis
Downsara
Doxosma
Dracomonticola
Draconanthes
Dracontia
Dracula
Dracula is an novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, featuring as its primary antagonist the vampire Count Dracula. [more]
Dracuvallia
Drakaea
Drakaea is an genus of orchid that is native to Australia. Orchids in this genus are commonly called "Hammer Orchids". The common name refers to the shape of the orchid, and the way it moves, resembling a hammer. The genus was named after Miss Drake, a botanical artist who drew orchids and other plants to assist taxonomists in England in the 1800s. Members of the Drakaea genus are characterized by an insectival labellum that is attached to a narrow, hinged stem, which holds it aloft. The stem can only hinge backwards, where the broadly winged column carries the pollina and stigma. [more]
Drakonorchis
Dresslerara
Dresslerella
Dresslerella is a of miniature orchids, with about 13 species. The genus is named after orchidologist Rober L. Dressler. Some species are noted to be pubescent. [more]
Dressleria
Dressleriella
Dryadella
Dryadella is a of miniature orchids, formerly included in the genus Masdevallia. Plants are typically composed of a tuft of leaves from 3 to 6 cm long. The small (1-2 cm) flowers are often conspicuously spotted, and are borne at the base of the leaves. There are about 40 species, distributed from southern Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina. In cultivation many of the species seem to respond well to being grown on cork or treefern rather than in pots. The attractive species Dryadella edwallii, commonly known as 'Partridge in the Grass' can be easily grown into a spectacular specimen plant, full of flowers. [more]
Dryadorchis
Drymoanthus
Drymoda
Dryopeia
Dubois-Reymondia
Duckeella
Duckeella is a genus of orchids (family ) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae. [more]
Duckittara
Dungsara
Dungsia
Dunningara
Dunstervillea
Dunstervilleara
Durabaculum
Durutyara
Dyakanthus
Dyakia
Earina
Earina is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae), comprising approximately ten species. Three endemic species are found in New Zealand, five in New Caledonia, and also in Tahiti, Samoa and Fiji. [more]
Eastonara
Eburophyton
Echinorhyncha
Echinosepala
Echioglossum
Eggelingia
Elasmatium
Elearethusa
Elecalthusa
Eleorchis
Elepogon
Eleutheroglossum
Eliara
Elleanthus
Elongatia
Eloyella
Eltroplectris
Herbs, terrestrial, sympodial. Roots fasciculate, fleshy, densely villous. Stems erect, rhizomatous. Leaves 1-2, basal; blade not articulate, long-petiolate. Inflorescences terminal, few- to many-flowered racemes, erect; peduncle slender, bracteate. Flowers resupinate; sepals spreading, distinct; lateral sepals longer than dorsal, attached along column foot forming spur; petals appressed to dorsal sepal, basally decurrent on column; lip arcuately recurved, clawed, shorter than sepals, membranous; column erect, short, slender; column foot partially adnate to ovary, elongate; anther persistent; pollinia 2, clavate, mealy; stigmas distinct; rostellum subulate to linear, pointed, rigid; viscidium oblong. Fruits capsules, ellipsoid-cyclindric.[11] [more]
Elythodia
Elythranthera
Embreea
Emilythwaitesara
Empusa
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Empusella
Enanthleya
Encheiridion
Encyarthrolia
Encyclarthron
Encyclia
Encyclia is a genus of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek enkykleomai ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is E. [more]
Encylaelia
Encyleyvola
Encyphila
Encytonavola
Encyvola
Encyvolendrum
Endeisa
Endosiphon
Endresiella
Engkhiamara
Engsoonara
Entaticus
Entomophobia
Entomophobia (also known as insectophobia) is a common fear of or aversion to and similar arthropods, and even other "bugs", such as worms. Commonly, this condition might be referred to as the "fear of insects or bugs". This condition causes a slight to severe emotional reaction, a form of anxiety or a panic attack. It is a particular case of specific phobias, all of which have basically the same causes (differing mostly in the source of phobia) and similar choices of treatments. [more]
Eparmatostigma
Ephemerantha
Ephippianthus
Ephippium
Epiarthron
Epibator
Epiblastus
Epiblema
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[12] [more]
Epicatanthe
Epicatarthron
Epicatcyclia
Epicatechea
Epicatonia
Epicattleya
Epicattleya (from and Epidendrum, its parents genera) is an intergeneric hybrid of orchids. The genus is abbreviated Epc in horticultural trade. [more]
Epicladium
Epicranthes
Epicyclia
Epidanthus
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Epidendropsis
Epidendrum
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Epidominkeria
Epidorchis
Epigeneium
Epiglottis
Epigoa
Epilaelia
Epilaeliocattleya
Epilaeliopsis
Epileptovola
Epilopsis
Epilyna
Epimicra
Epipactis
Epipactis Zinn, 1757, or Helleborine is a genus of terrestrial orchids comprised of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. [more]
Epiphanes
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Epiphila
Epiphora
Epiphora may mean: [more]
Epipogium
Epipogon
Epipogum
Epirhynanthe
Epistephium
Epithechavola
Epithechea
Epithecia
Epitonanthe
Epitonia
Erasanthe
Eremorchis
Eria
Epiphytic perennials with short rhizomes. Stems developed into fleshy pseudobulb with 1- several internodes, usually with 2-5 leaves at apex. Leaves duplicate or rarely convolute, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, entire. Racemes terminal or usually lateral from upper part of pseudobulb, erect or pendulous. Flowers few to many, glabrous or sometimes pubescent outside; bracts narrow; sepals subequal or lateral ones larger, dorsal one free, lateral ones often oblique at base and adnate to foot of column forming spur-like or saccate mentum; petals more or less similar to dorsal sepal; lip attached to and usually incumbent on foot of column, entire or 3-lobed, disc keeled or not; column concave, base elongate, forming long foot; anther terminal, incumbent, operculate, mainly 2-celled or imperfectly 4- or 8-celled; pollinia 8, 4 in each cell, waxy, laterally flattened, ovoid or pyriform, connected in 2 pairs by viscid caudicle; stigma entire.[13] [more]
Eriaxis
Ericksonella
Eriochilus
Eriodes
Eriopexis
Eriopsis
Ernestara
Erycina
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Erydium
Erymesa
Erythrodes
Erythrorchis
Esmenanthera
Esmeralda
The name Esmeralda ( and Spanish: , emerald) or Esméralda (French) may refer to: [more]
Esmeranda
Esmeropsis
Esmerstylis
Euanthe
Euanthe can mean several things: [more]
Euchile
Euclades
Eucnemis
Eucosia
Eulocymbidiella
Eulophia
The genus Eulophia, which also constitutes the monogeneric alliance Eulophia, includes 210 species of orchids. It was first described by John Lindley in 1821. The name "Eulophia" was derived from the Greek words "eu" (well) and "lophos" (plume), referring to the crested ridges of the labellum (lip) in most species. This genus is abbreviated Eupha in horticultural trade. [more]
Eulophiaa
Eulophidium
Eulophiella
Eulophiopsis
Eulophyllum
Eulosellia
Euothonaea
Euphlebium
Euproboscis
Euryangis
Euryblema
Eurycaulis
Eurycentrum
Eurychone
Eurygraecum
Eurynopsis
Eurystyles
Evelyna
Evota
Evotella
Evrardia
Evrardiana
Evrardianthe
Exalaria
Exophya
Expedicula
Fernandezia
Ferruminaria
Fimbriella
Fimbrorchis
Fingardia
Fisherara
Fissipes
Flickingeria
Forbesina
Forficaria
Forgetara
Forsythmajoria
Fowlerara
Fowlieara
Fractiunguis
Fredclarkeara
Freedara
Fregea
Frondaria
Fruticicola
Fuchsara
Fuertesiella
Fujioara
Funckiella
Funkiella
Gabertia
Galabstia
Galeandra
Herbs, terrestrial [epiphytic], cespitose. Stems reedlike or more often pseudobulbs. Leaves 1-2 [several], not articulate [articulate], plicate, absent [present] at flowering. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, erect [lightly arching to pendent]; floral bracts lanceolate, scarious. Flowers resupinate, showy; sepals and petals membranaceous; lip sessile, simple [obscurely 2-3-lobate], base with conspicuous spur adnate to column foot, margins tomentose [glabrous]; spur shortly conic [sometimes apically recurved, funnel-shaped]; disc basally 2[-4]-keeled; column lightly arcuate, shallowly winged, semiterete, produced into conspicuous foot; anther terminal, incumbent, operculate, imperfectly 2-locular; pollinia 2, yellow, nearly spheric, cartilaginous. Fruits capsules.[14] [more]
Galeansellia
Galearis
Galearis is a genus of the orchidaceae family. The photo shown was taken in the Great Smoky Mountains. [more]
Galeodes
Galeoglossum
Galeola
Galeola is a genus of orchids (family ) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae. [more]
Galeonisia
Galeopetalum
Galeorchis
Galeosepalum
Galeottia
Galeottiella
Galiczella
Gamoplexis
Garaya
Garayanthus
Garayara
Garlippara
Gasteraloe
Gastisia
Gastisocalpa
Gastorchis
Gastritis
Gastrocalanthe
Gastrochiloglottis
Gastrochilus
Gastrochilus, abbreviated Gchls in horticultural trade, is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains about 60 species found in Asia. [more]
Gastrodia
Gastrodia is a genus of orchid with about 40 species. It is a traditional Chinese herb, Tian Ma (Chinese: ), and is commonly used in China to treat hypertension, improve circulation and resolve headaches. It appears as an allergy herb in Allerphase and is largely responsible for the formula's ability to relieve brain fog- one of the main symptoms of allergies. Modern research suggests that gastrodia aids in improving memory by promoting blood flow to the brain and enhances the ability of other herbs to quickly reach inflamed brain tissues to reduce inflammation, control pain, and reduce mental confusion. Gastrodia root has been shown to exert novel pain relief and inflammatory-mediating activities, as well as in vivo and in vitro inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production." [more]
Gastroglottis
Gastrophaianthe
Gastrophaius
Gastropodium
Gastrorchis
Phaius is a genus of large, mostly terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae). The genus has about 20 species. These species are found in tropical Asia, into China, Japan, Australia, and west to Africa and Madagascar. The genus is abbreviated Phaius in trade journals. [more]
Gastrosarcochilus
Gastrostoma
Gastrothera
Gavilea
Geesinkorchis
Gennaria
Genoplesium
Genyorchis
Genyorchis is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Geoblasta
Geocalpa
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Geodorum
Georchis
Gerberara
Ghiesbreghtia
Ghillanyara
Giulianettia
Glanzara
Glomera
Glomera is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae), with more than 50 species. They are native from New Guinea and Malaysia. [more]
Glossaspis
Glossochilopsis
Glossodia
Glossodia is a genus of mostly purple orchids from Australia. In spring vast numbers of Glossodia major flower on uncleared land. [more]
Glossorhyncha
Glossorrhyncha
Glycorchis
Goadbyella
Goffara
Gohartia
Goldschmidtia
Golumnia
Gombrassiltonia
Gomcentridium
Gomcidettia
Gomcidumnia
Gomenkoa
Gomesa
Gomesochilum
Gomestele
Gomettia
Gomezina
Gomguezia
Gomiltidium
Gomiltlauzina
Gomiltostele
Gomocentrum
Gomochilus
Gomoncidochilum
Gomonia
Gompassia
Gomphichis
Gomrassiastele
Gomstelettia
Gonatostylis
Gonginia
Gongora
Gongora, abbreviated Gga in horticultural trade, is a member of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). It consists of 65 species known from Central America, Trinidad, and tropical South America, with most species found in Colombia. They grow in wide geographical range from wet forests at sea level to mountainous regions in the Andes, as high as 1,800 m. [more]
Gongorhaea
Goniochilus
Gonogona
Goodaleara
Goodisia
Goodyera
Goodyera are a wide-ranging genus of orchid, one of approximately 800 described Orchidaceae genera within that large and diverse family. The genus is named after botanist John Goodyer. [more]
Gotokoa
Gottererara
Govenia
Govenia Lindl. 1832, is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The type species, Govenia superba, was transferred from Maxillaria superba and a genus name was given to commemorate J.R. Goven, a horticulturist & orchid collector from England who collected throughout Central Mexico. [more]
Grammangis
Grammatocymbidium
Grammatoheadia
Grammatomangis
Grammatophyllum
Grammatophyllum, abbreviated in horticultural trade as Gram, is a of 11 orchid species. The name is derived from the Greek words 'gramma' (letter) and 'phyllon' (leaf), referring to the dark markings in the flower. This epiphytic genus occurs in dense rainforest from Indo-China, to Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Southwest Pacific islands. [more]
Grammatopodium
Grammoglottis
Grandicentrum
Grandicidium
Grandiphyllum
Graphiella
Graphorchis
Graphorkis
Grastidium
Grayara
Greenwoodia
Grobya
Grosourdya
Guarcholia
Guarechea
Guarianthe
Guaricatophila
Guaricattonia
Guaricyclia
Guaridendrum
Guariencychea
Guarilaeliarthron
Guarilaelivola
Guarimicra
Guarisophleya
Guaritonia
Guaritoniclia
Guarthroleya
Guarthron
Guartonichea
Guarvolclia
Gudrunia
Gularia
Gunnarella
Gunnarorchis
Gurneyara
Gyaladenia
Gyas
Bletia is a of about 30 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae), almost of all of which are terrestrial, some are occasionally lithophytic or epiphytic. It is named after Spanish botanist and pharmacist Don Luis Blet. The genus is distributed from Florida south to Brazil. [more]
Gymleucorchis
Gymnadenia
Gymnadenia is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) containing 22 terrestrial species. [more]
Gymnaglossum
Gymnanacamptis
Gymnaplatanthera
Gymnigritella
Gymnotraunsteinera
Gymplatanthera
Gynoglottis
Gyrostachys
Habenaria
Habenaria, commonly called bog orchids, are a far ranging genus of orchid, one of approximately 800 described Orchidaceae genera within that large and diverse family. There are species in both tropical and temperate zones. [more]
Habenella
Hadrocattleya
Hadrodungsia
Hadrolaelia
Haemaria
Haematorchis
Hagerara
Hagsatera
Hagsechea
Hakoneaste
Hallackia
Halleorchis
Hamelwellsara
Hamerara
Hamiltonara
Hammarbya
Hancockia
Hancockia is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). [more]
Hanesara
Haniffara
Hapalochilus
Hapalorchis
Haplochilus
Haraella
Haraenopsis
Harrisella
Herbs epiphytic, monopodial, miniature, glabrous. Roots velamentous, slender. Stems very short, inconspicuous. Leaves absent or scalelike. Inflorescences axillary, often sparsely branched. Flowers fewer than 12, not resupinate, minute, globose; sepals and petals similar, distinct and free; lip simple, with basal, saccate spur; column short; anthers terminal, incumbent, operculate; pollinaria 2, each with 1 hard, waxy pollinium attached to stipe; viscidia 2, elongate; ovary subsessile. Fruits capsules, dehiscent, 3 broad valves alternating with 3 linear ribs, all 6 segments separating from distal end and reflexing.[15] [more]
Harrisiella
Hartwegia
Harveyara
Hausermannara
Hawaiiara
Hawkinsara
Hecabe
Hederorkis
Helcia
Helenadamsara
Helleborine
Helleborine is the common name for a number of species of . It does not correspond to any currently used taxonomic category. Some of the plants called helleborines are classified in the genus Epipactis, some in genus Cephalanthera. A genus Helleborine was formerly recognised but has now been absorbed into the Grass pink genus Calapogon. [more]
Helleriella
Hellerorchis
Helonoma
Helpilia
Hemihabenaria
Hemiperis
Hemipilia
Hemipilia is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Hemipiliopsis
Hemiscleria
Henosis
Herminium
Herminium is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Herpetophytum
Herpysma
Herschelia
Herschelianthe
Herscheliodisa
Hetaeria
Heterotaxis
Heterozeuxine
Hexadesmia
Hexalectris
Hexalectris is a genus of the family Orchidaceae, comprising 7 species of fully myco-heterotrophic orchids. These species are found in North America, with center of diversity in northern Mexico. [more]
Hexisea
Hexisea is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae). The genera Costaricaea Schltr. and Euothonaea Rchb.f. are synonyms of Hexisea. This genus is abbreviated Hxsa in trade journals. [more]
Hexopia
Heynholdara
Hiattara
Hibanobambusa
Hibanobambusa is a genus of bamboo. [more]
Himanthoglossum
Himantoglossum
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Himoriara
Hintonella
Hippeophyllum
Hirayamaara
Hirtzia
Hispaniella
Hoehneella
Hoffmanncattleya
Hoffmannseggella
Hofmannara
Hofmeistera
Hofmeisterella
Holcanthera
Holcocentrum
Holcoglossum
Holcoglossum is a genus of orchids, in the family Orchidaceae. [more]
Holcosia
Hologyne
Holopogon
Holopogon is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Holothrix
Holothrix is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Holttumara
Homalopetalum
Homocolleticon
Horichia
Horvatia
Houlletia
Houlletia is a genus of large-growing epiphytic orchids native to Mexico, and possibly also Guatemala through Central America to Bolivia. was established with the publication by Brogniartt of Houlletia brocklehurstiana in 1841. The genus is named in honor of orchid collector and grower M. Houllet, French orchid collector in Brazil, later the director of the Botanic Jardin des Plantes in Paris, 19th century [more]
Howeara
Hueylihara
Hummelara
Huntleanthes
Huntleya
Huntleya is a small orchid genus that includes fourteen species [more]
Hunzella
Huttonaea
Huttonia
Huttonia palpimanoides is a spider in its own family, Huttoniidae. [more]
Hyacinthorchis
Hyalosema
Hybochilus
Hydrorchis
Hyeara
Hyedecromara
Hygrochilus
Hylaeorchis
Hylophila
Hymantoglossum
Hymeneria
Hymenochilus
Hymenorchis
Hysteria
Iantha
Ibidium
Ichthyostomum
Ida
Iebine
Ilonara
Imerinaea
Imerinorchis
India
Inobulbum
Ione
Ionettia
Ionmesa
Ionmesettia
Ionocentrum
Ionocidium
Ionopsis
Herbs, epiphytic, cespitose [sometimes with elongate rhizome]. Stems reduced, covered with leafy bracts; pseudobulbs reduced, inconspicuous. Leaves 2-6 basal per sympodium, 0 apical, not recurved [1 apical, 2-4 terete, basal to pseudobulb]; blade conduplicate, linear-lanceolate, dorsiventrally flattened margins, entire. Inflorescences panicles [racemes]; bracts tubular. Flowers: petals and sepals shortly oblong-elliptic, apiculate; lateral sepals connate; lip 2-lobed; callus lobulate-lamellate; nectar cavity basal; column short (3.5 mm), without appendages; stigmatic cavity ± round; rostellum not prominent. Fruits capsules.[16] [more]
Ionorchis
Ionumnia
Ipsea
Ipsea is a of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae), endemic to India and Sri Lanka. [more]
Ipseglottis
Iridorchis
Isabelia
Isadendrum
Isanitella
Isaoara
Ischnocentrum
Ischnogyne
Isias
Isochilus
Isochilus is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae) with 7 species. They are lowland epiphytes mainly found in Central America, from Cuba and Mexico to Argentina. [more]
Isotria
Herbs, perennial, terrestrial, winter dormant. Roots long, slender, hairy with mycorrhizae. Stems simple, hollow, fleshy, smooth, glaucous. Leaves (2-) 5(-6), appearing whorled. Inflorescences terminal; bracts absent. Flowers 1-2, resupinate, erect, yellowish green to white, yellow, and purple, subsessile to pedicellate; sepals of same color, linear-oblanceolate to lanceolate, of equal size; petals oblanceolate, elliptic-obovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, enclosing column; lip apically 3-lobed, lateral lobes triangular, margins involute; callus forming fleshy medial crest; column white, apex denticulate; anther operculate; pollinia 2, hinged, soft, mealy; rostellum obscure; pollen in tetrads, granular; ovary green, slender. Fruits capsules, commonly persistent through following growing season, erect, ellipsoid-cylindric, dehiscent in fall. Seeds 1.2 × 0.2 mm. x = 9.[17] [more]
Itaculumia
Iwanagaara
Ixyophora
Jackfowlieara
Jacquiniella
Jamaiciella
Jansenia
Janssensara
Jeaneara
Jejewoodia
Jejosephia
Jennyella
Jensoa
Jimensia
Jisooara
Joannara
Johnlagerara
Johnsonara
Jonesiopsis
Jonopsis
Jonorchis
Jostia
Jouyella
Jumanthes
Jumellea
Kagawaara
Kalakauara
Kalimpongia
Kalopternix
Kanzerara
Karorchis
Katherinea
Kaurorchis
Kautskyara
Keferanthes
Keferella
Kefericzella
Kefersteinia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Keferstenia
Keforia
Keftorella
Kegeliella
Kerchoveara
Kerigomnia
Keyesara
Kinetochilus
Kingidium
Kingiella
Kionophyton
Kippenara
Kitigorchis
Kleberiella
Klugara
Knappara
Knowlesara
Knudsenara
Knudsonara
Kochiophyton
Koellensteinia
Koellenstenia
Komarovara
Komkrisara
Konantzia
Kornasia
Kraenzlinella
Kreodanthus
Kriegerara
Kryptostoma
Kuhlhasseltia
Kuhnara
Kusibabella
Lacaena
Lachelinara
Laechilis
Laelia
Laeliacattleya
Laelianthe
Laelichilis
Laeliocatanthe
Laeliocatarthron
Laeliocatonia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Laeliocattkeria
Laeliocattleya
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Laeliokeria
Laeliopsis
Laeliopsis is a genus of Moth in the family Lasiocampidae. [more]
Laelirhynchos
Laelonia
Laerianchea
Lagerara
Laipenchihara
Lanium
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Larnandra
Lathrisia
Latourea
Latourorchis
Lauara
Lavrihara
Lawara
Leaneyara
Leaoa
Lecanorchis
Lectandra
Ledgeria
Ledienara
Leeara
Leioanthum
Lemboglossum
Lemurella
Lemurorchis
Leochilumnia
Leochilus
Leogolumnia
Leokoa
Leomesezia
Leonara
Leopardanthus
Lepanopsis
Lepanthes
Lepanthes (from "scaled-flower") is a large genus of orchids with about 700 species, distributed in the Antilles and from Mexico through Bolivia (with very few species in Brazil). The genus is abbreviated in horticultural trade as Lths. [more]
Lepanthopsis
Lepanthopsis, abbreviated as Lpths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids with about 38 species, mostly distributed in the Andes and the Caribbean. Lepanthopsis orchids are very small, often with flowers measuring less than 1 centimeter across. [more]
Lepidogyne
Leporella
Leptocentrum
Leptoceras
Leptodendrum
Leptoguarianthe
Leptokeria
Leptorchis
Leptorkis
Leptotes
Leptotes can refer to [more]
Leptothrium
Leptovola
Lequeetia
Lesliea
Lesliehertensteinara
Lesueurara
Leucohyle
Leucolena
Leucorchis
Leucostachys
Lewisara
Lichtara
Lichterveldia
Ligeophila
Limara
Limatodes
Calanthe – commonly abbreviated Cal in – is a widespread genus of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae) with some 170 species. [more]
Limatodis
Limnas
Limnorchis
Limodorum
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Lindleyalis
Lindleyella
Lindsayella
Sobralia is a genus of about 125 orchids (family Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe Sobraliinae. [more]
Linguella
Liparis
Liparis is a genus of orchids, commonly known as flase twayblade. It comprises of about 200 species with cosmopolitan distribution. Most species typically bear dull-colored, purplish flowers in a terminal spike. [more]
Lisowskia
Lissochilus
Listera
Listera is a genus of orchids which are known commonly as twayblades, the only member of subtribe Listerinae. Twayblade orchids are native to cooler temperate regions worldwide, including the Arctic. It produces raceme inflorescences with flowers in shades of maroon, purple, green or dull pink. The lip of each flower is prominently forked or two-lobed. The genus was named for the English naturalist Martin Lister. [more]
Listrostachys
Lobbara
Lockcidium
Lockcidmesa
Lockhartia
Lockhartia, abbreviated Lhta in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids (family ) and the only genus of alliance Lockhartia. There are about 30 species, distributed from Mexico through northern South America. [more]
Lockochilettia
Lockochilus
Lockogochilus
Lockopilia
Lockumnia
Loefgrenianthus
Loeliocattleya
Lophiaris
Lorenara
Loritis
Loroglossum
Lothiania
Louiscappeara
Louisia
Lovelessara
Lowsonara
Lowsutongara
Loxoma
Luascotia
Ludicia
Ludisia
Ludochilus
Lueckelia
Lueddemannia
Luerella
Luicentrum
Luichilus
Luinetia
Luisa
Luisaerides
Luisanda
Luisedda
Luisia
Luistylis
Luivanetia
Lutherara
Lycabstia
Lycamerlycaste
Lycaste
Lycaste, abbreviated as Lyc in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids that contains about 30 species with egg-shaped pseudobulbs and thin, plicate (pleated) leaves. [more]
Lycastenaria
Lycastiella
Lycazella
Lycida
Lycomormium
Lymanara
Lyperanthus
Lyraea
Lyroglossa
Lysias
Lysiella
Lysimnia
Lysudamuloa
Macbrideara
Maccoyara
Maccraithea
Macdonaldia
Maclellanara
Macodes
Macodisia
Macradenia
Herbs, epiphytic, cespitose. Stems with prominent, elongate pseudobulbs partially covered by bracts. Leaves per sympodium 1, rarely 2, apical, leathery; blade conduplicate, oblong-lanceolate, dorsiventrally flattened, margins entire. Inflorescences racemes, arising from base of pseudobulb, pendent; bracts narrowly triangular. Flowers: petals and sepals oblong-elliptic, distinct and free; lip 3-lobed, without nectar cavity, callus shallow; column with prominent dorsal hood projecting over anther cap, otherwise without wings or arms; stigmatic cavity longitudinal; rostellum prominent, beaklike, projecting outward. Fruits capsules, ellipsoid, ± triangular in cross section.[18] [more]
Macradesa
Macroclinium
Macrolepis
Macroplectrum
Macropodanthus
Macrostomium
Macrostylis
Maderoara
Madisonia
Maechtleara
Maelenia
Malachadenia
Malaxis
Herbs, terrestrial to semiepiphytic, glabrous. Roots few, fibrous, 0.3-1 mm wide. Stems swollen at base into pseudobulb, ± globose, glabrous. Leaves 1-3(-5), with sheathing base; blade elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, spicate racemes, corymbose racemes, or subumbellate racemes; floral bracts inconspicuous, lanceolate, subulate, or triangular-acuminate. Flowers 2-160, resupinate or not, erect or spreading, sessile or minutely to strongly pedicellate; sepals spreading, distinct or lateral sepals basally connate, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 1-6 mm, margins revolute or not; petals spreading or recurved, filiform to linear, lanceolate, or triangular, usually much narrower than sepals; lip ovate or lanceolate, cordate, unlobed to 3-lobed, concave or saccate, widest proximal to middle, base auriculate or truncate; column free; anther terminal; pollinaria 4, waxy; 1 pollinarium or 2 separate hemipollinaria; viscidia yellow or orange. Fruits capsules; previous year's fruiting stem and capsules frequently present during current year's anthesis. x = 14, 15, 18, ca. 20, ca. 21, 22.[19] [more]
Malcolmcampbellara
Malleola
Manniella
Manniella is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae) belonging to the subfamily Orchidoideae. [more]
Margelliantha
Mariarisqueta
Marriottara
Marsupiaria
Marvingerberara
Masadenus
Masdevallia
Masdevallia, abbreviated Masd in horticultural trade, is a large genus of flowering plants of the Pleurothallidinae, a subtribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). There are over 500 species, grouped into several subgenera. The genus is named for , a physician and botanist in the court of Charles III of Spain. [more]
Masdevalliantha
Mastigion
Mathewsara
Mauriceara
Maxillacaste
Maxillaria
Maxillaria, abbreviated as Max in horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. Their characteristics can vary widely. They are commonly called Spider Orchid, Flame Orchid or Tiger Orchid. Their scientific name is derived from the Latin word maxilla, meaning jawbone, reflecting on the column and the base of the lip of some species, that may evoke a protruding jaw. [more]
Maxillariella
Maxilobium
Mecopodum
Mecosa
Mediocalcar
Meechaiara
Megaclinium
Megalorchis
Megalotus
Megastylis
Meiracyllium
Meiracyllium, abbreviated as Mrclm in horticultural trade, is a of orchids and the sole genus of the subtribe Meiracyllinae. The genus comprises 2 or 3 rare species, found from Mexico to Guatemala. [more]
Meirmosesara
Meliclis
Meloara
Menadenium
Mendelara
Mendoncella
Menephora
Menziesara
Mesadenella
Mesadenus
Herbs, terrestrial, sympodial. Roots fasciculate, fleshy, villous. Stems erect, rhizomatous, short. Leaves several, basal, petiolate; blade not articulate, involute when immature, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal, laxly to densely flowered racemes, erect, scapose, slender. Flowers resupinate; perianth parts partially connate, apices spreading to recurved; sepals subsimilar, subparallel; dorsal sepal adherent to base of column; lateral sepals attached to column foot; petals adnate to dorsal sepal, falcate; lip auriculate, canaliculate; column arcuate, column foot present, clinandrium inflated; stigmas 2, confluent; rostellum narrow, notched; anther stalked, cordate, curved backward during anthesis, surpassing rostellum; pollinia 4, clavate, soft, mealy; viscidium ovate to subelliptic. Fruits capsules, erect, obliquely fusiform to ovoid.[20] [more]
Mesicera
Mesoclastes
Mesodactylis
Mesoglossum
Mesospinidium
Mexicoa
Mexipedium
Mexipedium is a monotypic genus of the Orchid family Orchidaceae, subfamily Cypripedioideae, consisting of only one species, Mexipedium xerophyticum. It is also the single genus of tribe Mexipedieae and subtribe Mexipediinae. This species was initially described as Phragmipedium xerophyticum by Soto Arenas, Salazar & H?gsater in 1990, but transferred to its own genus by Albert & Chase in 1992, in part based on results from DNA analysis. Mexipedium xerophyticum is known from a single location in Oaxaca, Mexico. Only seven plants were observed at the time of its discovery. [more]
Meyracyllium
Microchilus
Microchilus is a neotropical genus of 78 species belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). [more]
Microcoelia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Microepidendrum
Microlaelia
Micropera
Microsaccus
Microstylis
Microtatorchis
Microterangis
Microtheca
Microthelys
Microtidium
Microtis
Microtis (onion orchids) is a small genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. [more]
Milassentrum
Milcentrum
Milcidossum
Milmilcidium
Milmilpasia
Milmiltonia
Milpasia
Milpilia
Miltarettia
Miltassia
Miltochilidium
Miltochilum
Miltoncentrum
Miltoncidostele
Miltonia
Miltonia, abbreviated Milt. in the horticultural trade, is an orchid genus formed by nine epiphyte species and eight natural hybrids inhabitants of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one species reaching the northeast of Argentina and east of Paraguay. This genus was established by John Lindley in 1837, when he described its type species, Miltonia spectabilis. Many species were attributed to Miltonia in the past, however, today, the species from Central America and from cooler areas on northwest of South America have been moved to other genera. Miltonia species have large and long lasting flowers, often in multifloral inflorescences. This fact, allied to being species that are easy to grow and to identify, make them a favorite of orchid collectors all over the world. Species of this genus are extensively used to produce artificial hybrids. [more]
Miltonidium
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Miltonioides
Miltoniopsis
Minicolumna
Mirandorchis
Mischobulbum
Mischobulbum (from mischos, "stalk", and bolbos, "bulb", referring to its stipitate pseudobulb) is a genus of the family (Orchidaceae, with about 7 species. It occurs from China and India, through Malaya to New Guinea and the Solomons. This genus is closely related to Tainia. [more]
Mitopetalum
Mizunoara
Mobilabium
Moerenhoutia
Moihwaara
Moirara
Mokara
Molloybas
Monachanthus
Monadenia
Monadenia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Monadeniidae. [more]
Monanthos
Monixus
Monnierara
Monomeria
Monophyllorchis
Monorchis
Monosepalum
Monotris
Montolivaea
Monustes
Moonara
Moorea
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Morieara
Mormodes
Mormodia
Mormolyca
Mormolyce
Mormosellia
Muluorchis
Myanthus
Mycaranthes
Mymecophila
Myoda
Myodium
Myoxanthus
Myoxanthus (from for "dormouse" and "flower") is a genus of orchids with about 50 species, widely distributed in Central and South America. This genus is a close ally of Pleurothallis. [more]
Myoxastrepia
Myrmecanthe
Myrmecatavola
Myrmechea
Myrmechila
Myrmechis
Myrmecocattleya
Myrmecolaelia
Myrmecophila
Myrmecophila is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. Species in this genus are either ephiphytic or lithophytic in their growth habit. Their slightly scented flowers are produced on pole like growths that extend upwards from 1 to 4 meters high and take up to 4 months to develop. Several of the Schomburgkia species were transferred into the genus Myrmecophila by Robert Allen Rolfe in 1917. [more]
Myrmetonia
Myrobroma
Myrosmodes
Mystacidium
Nabaluia
Nageliella
Nakagawaara
Nakamotoara
Nakamuraara
Nanodes
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Narica
Nasonia
Nasonia are a genus of small pteromalid parasitoid wasps that sting and lay eggs in the pupae of various flies. The fly species that Nasonia usually parasitize are primarily blowflies and fleshflies, making Nasonia a useful tool for biocontrol of these pest flies. The wasps are small, pinhead sized, and also referred to as jewel wasps. [more]
Nauenia
Naugleara
Neippergia
Nemacianthus
Nemaconia
Nematoceras
Nemuranthes
Neo-Urbania
Neoaeristylis
Neobathiea
Neobathiea, abbreviated as Nbth in horticultural trade, is a genus of rare orchids (family (Orchidaceae), native to tropical moist broadleaf forests of Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. The genus is named for the French botanist Henri Perrier de la Bâthie. [more]
Neobatopus
Neobennettia
Neobenthamia
Neobolusia
Neoclemensia
Neocogniauxia
Neocogniauxia is a genus of orchids, (family Orchidaceae), consisting of two species in the Greater Antilles. [more]
Neodryas
Neoescobaria
Neofadanda
Neofadenia
Neofinetia
Neogardneria
Neoglossum
Neograecum
Neogyna
Neokoehleria
Neolauchea
Neolauchia
Neolehmannia
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Neolindleya
Neomoorea
Neopabstopetalum
Neoruschia
Neosedanda
Neosedirea
Neostylis
Neostylopsis
Neotainiopsis
Neotinea
Neottia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Neottianthe
Neottianthe is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Neottidium
Neourbania
Neowilliamsia
Nephelaphyllum
Nephelaphyllum is a with 12 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae). Its genus is distributed in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. [more]
Nephrangis
Nephranthera
Nervilia
Neuwiedia
Nezahualcoyotlia
Ngara
Nicholsonara
Nidema
Nienokuea
Nigratella
Nigritella
Nipponorchis
Nobleara
Nochocentrum
Nohacidium
Nohagomenkoa
Nohamiltonia
Nohastelomesa
Nohawenkoa
Nonaara
Norna
Notheria
Nothodoritis
Nothostele
Notiophrys
Notolidium
Notylettia
Notylia
Notylidium
Notyliopsis
Notylopsis
Nyctosma
Oakes-Amesia
Oakesara
Oberonia
Oberonioides
Obrienara
Ocampoa
Ochyrorchis
Octadesmia
Octarrhena
Octomeria
Octomeria (from "eight part", referring to its 8 pollinia) is a plant genus belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The genus is comprised of about 200 species native to the Neotropics, mostly in Brazil. [more]
Odisha
Odonectis
Odontioda
Odontobrassia
Odontochilus
Odontochilus is a small genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). Sometimes the genus Pristiglottis Cretz. & J. J. Sm is included in this genus. [more]
Odontocidium
Odontocidium, abbreviated as Odcdm in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids (family ) of two orchid genera Odontoglossum and Oncidium (Odm x Onc). Many orchids formerly classified as Colmanara have been reclassified as Odontocidium by the American Orchid Society. [more]
Odontoglossum
Odontoglossum, first named in 1816 by , is a genus of about 100 orchids. The scientific name is derived from the Greek words odon (tooth) and glossa (tongue), referring to the two tooth-like calluses on the base of the lip. This genus of cool to cold growing orchids is to be found on open spots in the humid cloud forest at higher elevations from Central- and West South America to Guyana, with most species around the northern Andes. The abbreviation for this genus is Odm in horticultural trade. [more]
Odontonia
Odontorrhynchus
Odontostyles
Oeceoclades
Herbs, terrestrial (rarely on rocks or epiphytic), erect. Stems modified into pseudobulbs, often densely congested, concealed by overlapping fibrous sheaths, 1[-3]-leaved. Leaves persistent; blade not imbricate or plicate, usually leathery, often patterned. Inflorescences lateral, arising from base of pseudobulb, racemes or panicles, erect. Flowers resupinate, inconspicuous; sepals and petals distinct and free, spreading; lip deeply 3-lobed, base spurred; column erect, curved, produced into conspicuous foot, oblique at base; anther terminal, operculate; pollinia 2, with short or aborted caudicles attached directly to viscidium. Fruits capsules.[21] [more]
Oeniella
Oeonia
Oeoniella
Oerstedella
Oestlundia
Oestlundorchis
Okaara
Olgasis
Oligochaetochilus
Oligophyton
Oliveriana
Ommatodium
Omoea
Oncidesa
Oncidettia
Oncidguezia
Oncidioda
Oncidium
Oncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe Oncidiinae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This is a complex, difficult genus, with many species being reclassified. Calls are made for splitting this genus into multiple genera. [more]
Oncidoglossum
Oncidopsis
Oncidpilia
Oncidumnia
Oncophyllum
Oncostele
Oncostelopsis
Onoara
Onzelcentrum
Ophidion
Ophidion mey refer to: [more]
Ophioglossella
Ophramptis
Ophris
Ophrys
The genus Ophrys is a large group of from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. There are many natural hybrids. The type species is Ophrys insectifera L.1753 [more]
Opsistylis
Orbis
Orchiaceras
Orchicoeloglossum
Orchidactylorhiza
Orchidium
Orchidofunckia
Orchidotypus
Orchigymnadenia
Orchimantoglossum
Orchiodes
Orchipedum
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Orchiplatanthera
Orchis
Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This genus gets its name from the Ancient Greek ????? orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids. [more]
Orchiserapias
Orchites
Oreorchis
Orestias
Orestias may refer to [more]
Orleanesia
Ormerodia
Ormostema
Ornitharium
Ornithidium
Ornithocephalus
The name Ornithocephalus ('bird head') may refer either to [more]
Ornithochilus
Ornithocidium
Ornithophora
Ornitocephalus
Ornitophora
Orsidice
Orthoceras
Orthoceras ("straight horn") is a genus of extinct nautiloid cephalopod. This genus is sometimes called Orthoceratites. Note it is sometimes misspelled as Orthocera, Orthocerus or Orthoceros (Sweet 1964:K222). [more]
Orthochilus
Orthopenthea
Ortmannia
Orxera
Osmoglossum
Ossiculum
Ossiculum is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Osyricera
Osyriceras
Otaara
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Otandra
Otobrastonia
Otochilus
Otoglochilum
Otoglossum
Otonisia
Otopabstia
Otorhynchocidium
Otosepalum
Otostele
Otostylis
Owensara
Oxyanthera
Oxyglossellum
Oxysepala
Oxystophyllum
Pabanisia
Pabstia
Pabstiella
Pabstiella is a small orchid genus belonging to the subfamily Epidendroideae. They occur in Central and Tropical America. [more]
Pabstosepalum
Pachites
Pachychilus
Pachychilus, common name the jute snails, is a genus of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae. [more]
Pachygenium
Pachyne
Pachyphyllum
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Pachyplectron
Pachyrhizanthe
Pachystele
Pachystelis
Pachystoma
Pageara
Paliris
Palmerara
Palmoglossum
Palmorchis
Panarica
Panisea
Panisea is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Panstrepis
Pantapaara
Pantlingia
Paphinia
Paphinia, abbreviated in horticultural trade Pna, is a genus of orchids, composed of an estimated 16 species from Guatemala south through northern South America. These species are medium-sized epiphytes with small ovoid pseudobulbs and 2 or more leaves. The generic name comes from Greek "Paphia", the name of Aphrodite of Cyprus. Most authorities consider the genus rare. [more]
Paphiopedilum
The genus Paphiopedilum consists of flowering plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It contains about 80 accepted species nowadays, some of which are natural hybrids. These slipper orchids are native to South China, India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, and form their own subtribe, the Paphiopedilinae. [more]
Papilionanthe
Papiliopsis
Papilisia
Papillilabium
Papperitzia
Papuaea
Papulipetalum
Paracalanthe
Paracaleana
Paracentrum
Paradisanthus
Paradisea
Paradisea is a European genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae. It was formerly classified in the family Anthericaceae or earlier in the Liliaceae. Paradisea is sometimes confused with Anthericum. [more]
Paragnathis
Paralophia
Parandachnis
Paranthera
Paraottis
Parapactis
Paraphachilus
Paraphalaenopsis
The genus Paraphalaenopsis, abbreviated as Prphln in horticultural trade, is a member of the family (Orchidaceae), consisting of 4 species endemic to Borneo and one natural (unconfirmed) hybrid, Paraphalaenopsis × thorntonii (P. denevei × P. serpentilingua). [more]
Parapteroceras
Paraptosiella
Pararachnis
Pararenanthera
Pararides
Parasarcochilus
The genus Sarcochilus, abbreviated as Sarco in horticultural trade, is a member of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of 25 species endemic to Northern Australia, Eastern Australia, Tasmania and New Caledonia. [more]
Parastylis
Paravanda
Paravandanthera
Paravandopsis
Paravandrum
Parhabenaria
Parnataara
Pattonia
Grammatophyllum, abbreviated in horticultural trade as Gram, is a genus of 11 orchid species. The name is derived from the Greek words 'gramma' (letter) and 'phyllon' (leaf), referring to the dark markings in the flower. This epiphytic genus occurs in dense rainforest from Indo-China, to Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the . [more]
Paulara
Paxtonia
Paxtonia is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lower Paxton Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,254 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Harrisburg?Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. [more]
Peaseara
Pectabenaria
Pecteilis
Pedilochilus
Pedilonum
Peetersara
Pehara
Pelacentrum
Pelachilus
Pelastylis
Pelatantheria
Pelatoritis
Pelexia
Herbs, terrestrial, rarely subaquatic, sympodial. Roots fasciculate, thick, fleshy, villous. Leaves 1-several, basal; petiole not articulate, reddish purple, long. Inflorescences terminal, many-flowered racemes or spikes, erect, pedunculate, bracteate. Flowers resupinate, green; dorsal sepal connivent with petals forming hood over column; lateral sepals decurrent on column foot; lip sagittate to auriculate, fleshy, basal margins adnate to sides of column; column cylindric, elongate, puberulent to pilose; column foot elongate; anther abaxial, ovate-cordate; pollinia 2, oblong-clavate, mealy; stigmas 2, adjacent; rostellum elongate; viscidium ovate to suborbiculate; ovary sessile to subsessile. Fruits capsules, erect.[22] [more]
Pelma
Peltopus
Penkimia
Pennellara
Pennilabium
Pentisea
Pepeara
Peramium
Pergamena
Peristeranthus
Peristerchilus
Peristeria
Peristeria can mean at least three different things. [more]
Peristylus
Perreiraara
Perrieriella
Oeonia is a genus of rare orchids (family (Orchidaceae) comprising ten species native to Madagascar and the Mascarenes. [more]
Perularia
Pescascaphe
Pescatobollea
Pescatorea
Pescatoria
Pescatoscaphe
Pescawarrea
Pescenia
Pescoranthes
Pesmanara
Pesomeria
Phaius is a genus of large, mostly terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae). The genus has about 20 species. These species are found in tropical Asia, into China, Japan, Australia, and west to Africa and Madagascar. The genus is abbreviated Phaius in trade journals. [more]
Petalocentrum
Petalochilus
Petrorchis
Pfitzeria
Phaiocalanthe
Phaiocymbidium
Phaius
Phaius is a genus of large, mostly terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae). The genus has about 20 species. These species are found in tropical Asia, into China, Japan, Australia, and west to Africa and Madagascar. The genus is abbreviated Phaius in trade journals. [more]
Phajus
Phalaenidium
Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis () Blume (1825), abbreviated Phal in the horticultural trade, is an orchid genus of approximately 60 species. Phalaenopsis is one of the most popular orchids in the trade, through the development of many artificial hybrids. [more]
Phalaerianda
Phalandopsis
Phalanetia
Phaleralda
Phalphalaenopsis
Pharbitis
Ipomoea () is the largest genus in the flowering plant family Convolvulaceae, with over 500 species. Most of these are called morning glories, but this can refer to related genera, also. Those formerly separated in Calonyction (Greek ?a???, kalos, good and ???ta, nycta, night) are called moonflowers. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ?p? (ips) or ?p?? (ipos), meaning "worm" or "bindweed," and ?????? (homoios), meaning "resembling". It refers to their twining habit. The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants, lianas, shrubs and small trees; most of the species are twining climbing plants. [more]
Pharochilum
Pheladenia
Pheladenia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Phlebochilus
Phloeophila
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Pholidota
A pangolin (), scaly anteater, or trenggiling, is a mammal of the order Pholidota. The only one extant family (Manidae) has one genus (Manis) of pangolins, comprising eight species. There are also a number of extinct taxa. Pangolins have large keratin scales covering their skin and are the only mammals with this adaptation. They are found in tropical regions of Africa and Asia. The name "pangolin" derives from the Malay word pengguling ("something that rolls up"). [more]
Phoringopsis
Phragmipaphium
Phragmipedium
Phragmipedium is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae) and the only genus comprised in the tribe Phragmipedieae and subtribe Phragmipediinae. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek phragma, which means "division", and pedium, which means "slipper" (referring to the pouch). It is abbreviated 'Phrag' in trade journals.[] [more]
Phragmorchis
Phragmorchis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Phreatia
Phyllomphax
Phyllorchis
Phymatidium
Phymatochilum
Phymatochilum brasiliense is an orchid species, inhabitant of Serra do Mar mountains in Brazilian southeast and northeast, which vegetatively resembles Oncidium species, however, is more closely related to the genus Miltonia. It is the only species of the genus Phymatochilum. [more]
Physinga
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Physoceras
Physoceras is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Physogyne
Physosiphon
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Physothallis
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Physurus
Pilophyllum
Pilumna
Pinalia
Pinelia
Pinelianthe
Piperia
Piperia is a genus of the orchid family Orchidaceae. These plants are known as rein orchids. They are native to western North America, especially California and the Pacific Northwest. This genus has the following characteristics: (a) a bisexual perennial nongreen plant that grows from buried tubers; fruit capsule bearing numerous minute seeds; (c) pollen that is sticky, and which is removed as sessile anther ; and (d) stigma fused with its style into a column. There are a total of ten species in the genus Piperia, which is named for American botanist Charles V. Piper. The genus members manifest generally cylindrical spikes or racemes. [more]
Pittara
Pittierella
Pityphyllum
Plantaginorchis
Plantanthera
Platanthera
The genus Platanthera belongs to the subfamily Orchidoideae of the family Orchidaceae, and comprises about 100 species of orchids. The members of this genus were previously included in the genus Orchis, which is a close relative (along with the genus Habenaria). They are distributed throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are terrestrial and have tubercules. [more]
Platantheroides
Plathantera
Platyclinis
Platycoryne
Platycorynoides
Platyglottis
Platylepis
Platyrhiza
Platyrhiza is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Platystele
Platystele is a of orchids, comprising about 95 mostly miniature species. The genus is widespread from Mexico to Bolivia but infrequent in Brazil. [more]
Platythelys
Herbs, terrestrial. Roots few, from nodes, villous. Stems elongate, terminal shoots ascending. Leaves cauline, petiolate, not articulate. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, pedunculate. Flowers resupinate, erect to somewhat spreading, small; sepals subsimilar, distinct and free, margins entire; petals connivent with sepals; lip 2-parted, fleshy, base spurred, ventricose, hemispheric, concave, margins notched, apex ± spreading to arcuate, rough; column subsessile, cuneate; stigmas 2, approximate, horizontal; rostellum flat, elliptic to suborbiculate, broad, apex notched to 2-denticulate, generally bursting; viscidium small; anther erect; pollinia sectile, attached to short caudicles; ovary short-pedicellate. Fruits capsules, ellipsoid to nearly cylindric.[23] [more]
Plectochilus
Plectorrhiza
Plectrelgraecum
Plectrelminthus
Plectrophora
Plectrurus
Plectrurus is a genus of nonvenomous shield tail snakes endemic to India. Currently, 4 species are recognized. [more]
Pleione
Pleione may refer to [more]
Plelis
Pleuranthium
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Pleurobotryum
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Pleurothallis
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Pleurothallopsis
Octomeria (from "eight part", referring to its 8 pollinia) is a plant genus belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The genus is comprised of about 200 species native to the Neotropics, mostly in Brazil. [more]
Plexaure
Plocoglottis
Plocoglottis is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae). [more]
Plumatichilos
Poaephyllum
Podandria
Podandriella
Podangis
Podangis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. The single species is P. dactyloceras. The genus was established by German Botanist Rudolf Schlechter in 1914. It is native to tropical West Africa ranging from Guinea in the North to Angola in the South. [more]
Podanthera
Epipogium is a genus of 3 species of terrestrial achlorophyllousmyco-heterotrophic orchids. The genus is sympodial with no root. Leaves are scale-like. Flowers are non-resupinate, arranged in terminal racemes. Stigmas are 2-lobed and the rostellum is ventrally situated and not prominent. [more]
Podochilus
Pogonia
Pogonia is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae. [more]
Pogoniopsis
Pogoniopsis is a genus of orchids (family ) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae. [more]
Pollardia
Pollettara
Pollinirhiza
Polychilos
Polycycnis
Polygora
Polyotidium
Polyphylax
Polyradicion
Polyrrhiza
Polystachia
Polystachya
Polystachya, abbreviated Pol in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It is the only member of tribe Polystachyeae. [more]
Pomacentrum
Pomatisia
Pomatocalpa
Pomatochilus
Poneorchis
Ponera
Ponerorchis
Ponerostigma
Ponterara
Ponthieva
Ponthieva (commonly called Shadow Witch) is a genus form the orchid family (Orchidaceae). They are named after Henri de Ponthieu, a French merchant who sent West Indian plant collections to Sir Joseph Banks in 1778. [more]
Pophiopedilum
Porolabium
Porolabium is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Porpax
Porpax is a genus of in family Libellulidae. It contains the following species: [more]
Porphyrodesme
Porphyrodesme is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Porphyroglottis
Porphyroglottis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Porphyrostachys
Porroglossum
Porroglossum (from "far off" and "tongue", referring to the position of the lip) is a genus of orchids with 28 species, distributed in the Andes. This genus is abbreviated Prgm in horticultural trade. [more]
Porrorhachis
Porrovallia
Porterara
Portillia
Potinara
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Potosia
Praecoxanthus
Prasophyllum
Prasophyllum is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). Species of this genus are commonly called "Leek Orchids". There is no designated type species. Prasophyllum australe R.Br. was designated as lectotype ( ) [more]
Preptanthe
Prescotia
Prescottia
Herbs, terrestrial. Roots fasciculate, fibrous or thick and fleshy, villous. Stems: rhizomes sometimes branched. Leaves basal, petiolate or sessile, not articulate, membranous. Inflorescences terminal, many-flowered spikes; peduncles partially covered by sheathing bracts. Flowers not resupinate, sessile; sepals spreading or reflexed, rarely distinct, basally connate forming short cup, thin; petals adnate to column and sepal cup, narrow, thin; lip distalmost in flower, attached to column foot, clawed, often basally auriculate distal to claw, deeply concave, often enclosing column, very fleshy; column and foot adnate to sepal cup when present, minute, column blunt; anther abaxial, erect; pollinia 4, slightly flattened, soft, mealy; caudicles absent; stigmas entire. Fruits capsules, ovoid to ellipsoid.[24] [more]
Pristiglottis
Procatavola
Proctoria
Proctoria is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Procycleya
Proguarleya
Proleyophila
Proleytonia
Promellia
Promenabstia
Promenaea
Promenopsis
Promenzella
Promosepalum
Propabstopetalum
Propetalum
Prosarthron
Prosavola
Proscatarthron
Prosgoa
Proslaeliocattleya
Proslia
Prosrhyncholeya
Prostechea
Prosthechea
Prosthechea is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word prostheke (appendix), referring to the appendage on the back of the column. [more]
Prostonia
Prosyclia
Pseudacoridium
Pseudadenia
Pseudanthera
Pseudencyclia
Pseudepidendrum
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Pseuderia
Pseuderiopsis
Pseudinium
Pseuditella
Pseudocentrum
Pseudocranichis
Pseudocranichis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Pseudoctomeria
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Pseudoeurystyles
Pseudogoodyera
Pseudogooyera
Pseudohexadesmia
Pseudolaelia
Pseudolaelia is a small genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The abbreviation used in the horticultural trade is Pdla. [more]
Pseudoliparis
Pseudomaxillaria
Maxillaria, abbreviated as Max in horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. Their characteristics can vary widely. They are commonly called Spider Orchid, Flame Orchid or Tiger Orchid. Their scientific name is derived from the Latin word maxilla, meaning jawbone, reflecting on the column and the base of the lip of some species, that may evoke a protruding jaw. [more]
Pseudoperistylus
Pseudoponera
Pseudorchis
Herbs, perennial, rather succulent. Roots fasciculate, fleshy, both slender and digitately divided tuberoids. Stems leafy, leaves gradually reduced apically, generally to bracts proximal to inflorescence. Leaves few to several, ascending-spreading, conduplicate, bases sheathing. Inflorescences terminal, solitary, rather dense spikes; floral bracts foliaceous, prominently exserted to reduced and inconspicuous. Flowers several to many, resupinate; lip deeply 3-lobed, lobes entire, nearly equal, base spurred; anther cells parallel; pollinia 2, pollinaria 2, separated by thick, fleshy, laminar projection of midlobe of rostellum, free viscidia sheltered within pockets formed by auriculate lateral rostellum lobes; stigma concave. Fruits capsules.[25] [more]
Pseudorhiza
Pseudostelis
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Pseudovanilla
Pseudovanilla is a genus of orchids (family ) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae. [more]
Psilochilus
Psittacoglossum
Maxillaria, abbreviated as Max in horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. Their characteristics can vary widely. They are commonly called Spider Orchid, Flame Orchid or Tiger Orchid. Their scientific name is derived from the Latin word maxilla, meaning jawbone, reflecting on the column and the base of the lip of some species, that may evoke a protruding jaw. [more]
Psybrassocattleya
Psycarthron
Psycattleytonia
Psycavola
Psychanthe
Psychassia
Psychelia
Psychia
Psychilis
Psychocentrum
Psychomesa
Psychopilia
Psychopsiella
Psychopsis
Psygmorchis
Psymiltonia
Psythechea
Psytonia
Pterichis
Pteroceras
Pterochilus
Pteroglossa
Pteroglossaspis
Herbs, terrestrial, cespitose. Stems cormlike pseudobulbs. Leaves wilting at end of growing season, basal, nearly petiolate; blade plicate, not articulate with leaf sheaths. Inflorescences lateral, from base of pseudobulb, racemes, erect. Flowers resupinate, inconspicuous; sepals and petals converging [usually spreading], distinct and free, nearly equal; lip spreading, sessile at base of column, 3-lobed; disc smooth, without spurs; column erect, wingless, stout, 3-4 mm, base 2-auriculate, apex blunt; anther terminal, incumbent, operculate, 1-locular; pollinia 2, yellow, spheric, sulcate, cartilaginous; stipe semilunar; viscidium present. Fruits capsules, erect when mature.[26] [more]
Pterostemma
Pterostylis
Pterostylis is a terrestrial deciduous genus of some 100 or so species of orchids found mainly in New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia. The common name of this orchid is Greenhood - a number of species have green flowers with the dorsal sepal forming a "hood" over the rest of the flower. The name Pterostylis is based on the Greek words meaning winged column (pteron - a wing, stylis - a column). In a number of species, the flower has a hinged lip that swings backwards when touched by an insect, forming a tube with the column and wings. The trapped insect is then forced to crawl out of the tube, removing the pollinia in the process. [more]
Pterygodium
Ptilocnema
Ptychogyne
Purverara
Pygmaeorchis
Pygmaeorchis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Pynaertara
Pyrorchis
Pyrorchis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Quekettia
Hispo georgius is a of jumping spider. It is found in Madagascar, Central, East and Southern Africa. [more]
Queteletia
Quisavola
Quischilis
Quisqueya
Quisqueya is a name for the island of in the Taíno language meaning "mother of the earth", but also used to refer to the Dominican Republic, one of the two countries on this island. [more]
Raciborskanthos
Raganara
Ramasamyara
Rangaeris
Ranorchis
Rauhara
Rauhiella
Rauhiella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Raycadenco
Rechingerara
Regnellia
Bletia is a genus of about 30 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae), almost of all of which are terrestrial, some are occasionally lithophytic or epiphytic. It is named after Spanish botanist and pharmacist . The genus is distributed from Florida south to Brazil. [more]
Reicheara
Reichenbachanthus
Renachilus
Renades
Renafinanda
Renaglottis
Renancentrum
Renanetia
Renanopsis
Renanparadopsis
Renanstylis
Renantanda
Renanthera
Renanthera, abbreviated as Ren in horticultural trade, is a genus of large scrambling epiphytic and terrestrial species distributed from India, New Guinea, and through to the Philippines. Species in this genus produce a branched inflorescence containing numerous flowers ranging in color from yellow and orange to red. These flowers possess large lateral sepals. [more]
Renantherella
Renantherella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Renanthoceras
Renanthoglossum
Renanthopsis
Renaradorum
Renata
Renatus is a first name of Latin origin which means "born again" (natus = born). In countries of Italian, Portuguese and Spanish languages it exists in a masculine and feminine form i.e., Renato and Renata. In the French language they have been translated to Ren? and Ren?e. The feminine form Renate is also common in Dutch and German language-speaking countries. Renata is a common female name in Poland, Czech Republic, Croatia, Lithuania and Slovakia. In Russia the names Renat (or "Rinat") and Renata are widespead among the Tatar population. In some Spanish speaking countries, the name has taken on a different meaning: as a contraction for Rey (king) and Nato (birth), it has come to mean "born a king." In the UK, it has also became quite popular, with Renatta becoming the common spelling of the name. [more]
Renzorchis
Restrepia
Restrepia, abbreviated Rstp in horticultural trade, is a small genus of 49 orchids in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), closely related to Pleurothallis. Named in honor of Don Jose Restrepo, it tends to be more showy than most other Pleurothallids. They are found primarily at higher altitudes in the cool, damp montane forests of the Andes and Venezuela, with some into Central America up to southern Mexico. [more]
Restrepiella
The snake's head restrepiella (Restrepiella ophiocephala) is a species of orchid and the only species of the genus Restrepiella. The orchid is known from Mexico to Costa Rica, occurring in damp forests alongside rivers at low altitude (40-1,600 m). It is morphologically similar to Restrepia, but differs in lacking hairlike attachments on a mobile lip and having four pollinia instead of two. [more]
Restrepiopsis
Rhaesteria
Rhaesteria is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Rhamphidia
Rhamphorhynchus
Rhamphorynchus may refer to: [more]
Rhaphidorhynchus
Rhinerrhiza
Rhinerrhizochilus
Rhinerrhizopsis
Rhinochilus
Rhinocidium
Rhipidoglossum
Rhipidorchis
Rhipidorchis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Rhizanthella
Rhomboda
Rhycopelia
Rhynarthrolyea
Rhynarthron
Rhyncanthe
Rhyncatclia
Rhyncatdendrum
Rhyncatlaelia
Rhyncattleanthe
Rhynchadenia
Rhynchamsia
Rhynchavolarum
Rhynchobrassoleya
Rhynchocentrum
Rhynchochilopsis
Rhynchochilus
Rhynchodendrum
Rhynchodenia
Rhynchodirea
Rhynchofadanda
Rhynchoguarlia
Rhynchogyna
Rhynchogyna is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Rhyncholaelia
Rhyncholaelia, abbreviated Rhynch in horticultural trade, is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae), comprising 2 species. They are distributed from Mexico to Honduras. They were previously included in Brassavola. [more]
Rhyncholaeliocattleya
Rhynchomesidium
Rhynchomyrmeleya
Rhynchonia
Rhynchonopsis
Rhynchophreatia
Rhynchopsis
Rhynchopsyleya
Rhynchorettia
Rhynchorides
Rhynchosophrocattleya
Rhynchostele
Rhynchostylis
Rhynchothechea
Rhynchothechlia
Rhynchovanda
Rhynchovola
Rhynchovolanthe
Rhynchsophrocattleya
Rhynchumnia
Rhyncleiserides
Rhyncyclia
Rhyndiranda
Rhyndoropsis
Rhynopsirea
Rhyntonleya
Rhytionanthos
Richardara
Richardmizutaara
Ridleya
Ridleyella
Ridleyella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Rimacola
Risleya
Risleya is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Ritaia
Ceratostylis is a genus of orchids with more than 60 species distributed in India, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea , the Philippines, and the Pacific islands. [more]
Robifinetia
Robinara
Robiquetia
Robostylis
Rodrassia
Rodrettia
Rodrettiopsis
Rodrichilus
Rodricidium
Rodridenia
Rodrigoa
Masdevallia, abbreviated Masd in horticultural trade, is a large genus of flowering plants of the Pleurothallidinae, a subtribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). There are over 500 species, grouped into several subgenera. The genus is named for , a physician and botanist in the court of Charles III of Spain. [more]
Rodriguezia
Rodrigueziella
Rodrigueziopsis
Rodrimesastele
Rodriopsis
Rodritonia
Rodrostele
Rodrostelettia
Rodrostelidium
Rodrumnia
Roeperocharis
Roezliella
Roezliella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Rolfea
Rolfeara
Rolfeella
Ronnyara
Rosakirschara
Rosscyrtodium
Rossicentrum
Rossimilmiltonia
Rossiochopsis
Rossioglossum
Rossitolidium
Rossitonia
Rossmesa
Rosstuckerara
Rubellia
Rudolfiella
Rumrillara
Rundleara
Rusbyella
Rydbergara
Ryncholaelia
Sa
Saccidium
Saccoglossum
Saccolabiopsis
Saccolabium
Sacodon
Cypripedium is a genus of 47 species of hardy, lady's-slipper orchids native to temperate and colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [more]
Sacoila
Herbs, terrestrial. Roots fascicled, fleshy. Stems with abbreviated rhizome. Leaves several, in basal rosette; blade oblong-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic. Inflorescences densely flowered racemes. Flowers resupinate, with prominent, free-tipped mentum formed by backwardly extended column foot, lip, and lateral sepals; anther abaxial; pollinarium with linear viscidium; pollinia 2 pairs, pale yellow, soft, mealy; stigma nearly perpendicular to viscidium and rostellum; rostellum linear-needlelike, sharp-pointed, rigid. Fruits capsules, erect, ovoid.[27] [more]
Sagarikara
Salacistis
Salacistis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Salpistele
Salpistele is a small genus of orchids with 6 species, four of which are found in Costa Rica and Panama and two from Ecuador. [more]
Samarorchis
Sanderara
Sanderella
Sanderella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Sanjumeara
Santotomasia
Saplalaara
Sappanara
Sarcalaenopsis
Sarcanthopsis
Sarcanthus
Sarcobodium
Sarcocadetia
Sarcocentrum
Sarcochilus
Sarcoglossum
Cirrhaea is a genus of orchid, comprising 7 species endemic to Brazil. [more]
Sarcoglotis
Sarcoglottis
Sarcoglyphis
Sarcolexia
Sarcomoanthus
Sarconopsis
Sarcophyton
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Sarcopodium
Sarcorhynchus
Sarcostoma
Sarcothera
Sarcovanda
Sarmenticola
Sarracenella
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Sartylis
Sarvandopanthera
Sarvandopsis
Satyridium
Satyridium is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Satyrium
Saundersia
Sauroglossum
Saurolophorkis
Sayeria
Scaphingoa
Scaphoglottis
Scaphosepalum
Scaphosepalum (from Greek "boatlike sepals") is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. The species in this genus are mostly found in Central and South America. In accordance with their genus name, many species in this genus produce unusual and distinctive flowers; some possessing cushion-like characteristics reminiscent of an African buffalo's horns, others possessing characteristics of snake fangs. [more]
Scaphyglottis
Scelochiloides
Scelochiloides is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Scelochilopsis
Scelochilus
Scelodium
Scelonia
Scelorettia
Schidorhynchos
Schiedeella
Herbs, perennial, terrestrial. Roots tuberous, fleshy. Stems erect, with slender sheaths. Leaves senescing before or at anthesis, petiolate; blade broadly elliptic. Inflorescences spikes, few-many-flowered, in spiral or sloping downward from center in all directions. Flowers resupinate; sepals similar, connivent; dorsal sepal adnate to back of column, concave; lateral sepals adnate to column foot; petals linear; lip with distinct claw, central cinnabar-red disc, and 3 green stripes near apex; column slender, widened toward apex, with decurrent foot at base; stigmas 2, confluent; rostellum linear-triangular, apex acuminate; anther ovate-cordate; pollinia clavate, viscidium oblong, short; ovary cyclindric. Fruits capsules.[28] [more]
Schiedella
Schilligerara
Schismoceras
Dendrobium is a huge genus of orchids. It was established by Olof Swartz in 1799 and today contains about 1,200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron ("tree") and bios ("life"); it means "one who lives on trees", or, essentially, "epiphyte". [more]
Schistotylus
Schistotylus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Schizochilus
Schizodium
Schlimmia
Schluckebieria
Schoenomorphus
Tropidia is a genus of more than 30 species of terrestrial, partly saprotrophic orchids distributed from China, Japan through Indonesia. [more]
Schoenorchis
Schombarthron
Schombocattleya
Schomburgkia
Schomburgkia is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. This genus is named for Richard Schomburgk, a German botanist who explored British Guiana during the 19th century. Species in this genus are either ephiphytic or lithophytic in their growth habit. According to the Royal Horticultural Society Schom. is the official abbreviation for this genus. [more]
Schuitemania
Schunkea
Schunkeara
Schwartzkopffia
Schwartzkopffia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Schweinfurthara
Scleropteris
Scolnikara
Scopularia
Scottara
Scuticaria
Scuticaria is a genus of moray eel in the family Muraenidae. [more]
Sedirea
Sedirisia
Sediritinopsis
Sediropsis
Seegeriella
Seibertara
Seidenanda
Seidenfadenara
Seidenfadenia
Seidenfadeniella
Seidenfia
Seidenides
Selenipedilum
Selenipedium
Selenipedium is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae). The genus has been given its own tribe, Selenipedieae, and subtribe, Selenipediinae. It is abbreviated Sel in trade journals. [more]
Semiphajus
The genus Eulophia, which also constitutes the monogeneric alliance Eulophia, includes 210 species of orchids. It was first described by John Lindley in 1821. The name "Eulophia" was derived from the Greek words "eu" (well) and "lophos" (plume), referring to the crested ridges of the labellum (lip) in most species. This genus is abbreviated Eupha in horticultural trade. [more]
Senghasia
Senghasiella
Sepalosaccus
Sepalosiphon
Glomera is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae), with more than 50 species. They are native from New Guinea and Malaysia. [more]
Seraphrys
Seraphyta
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Serapias
Serapiastrum
Serapicamptis
Serapirhiza
Serpenticaulis
Serrastylis
Serruria
Sertifera
Sestochilos
Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. With more than 2,000 species, it is also one of the largest genera of flowering plants, exceeded only by Astragalus. This genus is abbreviated in the trade journals as Bulb. [more]
Sevillaara
Shigeuraara
Siagonanthus
Sieberia
Sievekingia
Sigmatogyne
Sigmatostalix
Silvorchis
Silvorchis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Simpliglottis
Singularybas
Sinorchis
Sinorchis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Sirhookera
Sirhookera is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Sirindhornia
Sirjeremiahara
Skeptrostachys
Sladeara
Smithorchis
Smithorchis is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Smithsonia
Smithsonia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Smitinandia
Sobennigraecum
Sobennikoffia
Sobralia
Sobralia is a genus of about 125 orchids (family Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe Sobraliinae. [more]
Sodiroella
Stellilabium is a small genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). [more]
Soehrensia
Echinopsis is a large genus of cacti native to South America, sometimes known as hedgehog cacti, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. One small species, E. chamaecereus, is known as the peanut cactus. The 128 species range from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines. [more]
Solenangis
Solenidiopsis
Solenidiopsis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Solenidium
Solenocentrum
Sophranthe
Sophrocattleya
Sophrocattleya (from and Sophronitis, its parent genera) is an intergeneric hybrid of orchids. The genus is abbreviated Sc in horticultural trade. [more]
Sophrocyclia
Sophrolaelia
Sophrolaeliocattleya
Sophrolaeliocattleya (from Sophronitis, Laelia and Cattleya, its parent genera) is a nothogenus of artificial intergeneric orchid hybrids. It is abbreviated as Slc. in the horticultural trade. [more]
Sophronites
Sophronitis
Sophronitis, abbreviated Soph in horticultural trade, is a genus of small, epiphytic or lithophytic orchids, growing in the damp montane forest of eastern Brazil, Paraguay and NE Argentina. Currently, 65 species are recognized. [more]
Soterosanthus
Soterosanthus shepheardii is a species of orchidn endemic to Ecuador and Colombia, and the only one of the monospecific genus Soterosanthus. This species segregated from Sievekingia because of its upright inflorescence. Flowers are somewhat similar to Sievekingia as is the plant stature, being on the small side, around 6" tall. Plants are semi-deciduous and warmth tolerant. Grow in small pots of medium grade bark mix under same conditions as for Gongora; shaded light, even moisture, drier in winter. It is a rarely seen relative of Stanhopea. [more]
Spathiger
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Spathoglottis
Spathoglottis is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae). This genus is allied to genera Acanthephippium, Bletia, Calanthe, and Phaius. This genus is abbreviated Spa in trade journals. The genus Paxtonia Lindl. is generally included here. [more]
Specklinia
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Speculantha
Sphyrarhynchus
Sphyrastylis
Spiculaea
Spiculaea is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Spiessara
Spilorchis
Spilorhiza
Spiranthes
Spiranthes, commonly called Ladies'-tresses, is a genus of orchids (family (Orchidaceae) belonging to the subfamily Orchidoideae. [more]
Spongiola
Spuricianthus
Srisukara
Stalkya
Stalkya is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Stamariaara
Stamnorchis
Stanbreea
Stangora
Stanhocycnis
Stanhopea
Stanhopea ( ex Hook. 1829) is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is Stan. The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope (Philip Henry Stanhope) (1781-1855), president of the Medico-Botanical Society of London (1829-1837). These epiphytic, but occasionally terrestrial orchids can be found in damp forests from Mexico to NW Argentina. Their ovate pseudobulbs carry from the top one long, plicate, elliptic leaf. [more]
Stanhopeastrum
Staurachnanthera
Staurandopsis
Stauritis
Staurochilus
Staurochoglottis
Stauroglottis
Staurovanda
Stearnara
Stegostyla
Stelis
Leach orchids (genus Stelis) is a large group of orchids, with perhaps 500 species. The generic name Stelis is the Greek word for 'mistletoe', referring to the epiphytic habit of these species. [more]
Stellamizutaara
Stellilabium
Stellilabium is a small genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). [more]
Stellis
Stenia
Stenia is a small genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It was established by John Lindley in 1837. This epiphytic plants occur in warm, humid habitats of Trinidad and the Amazonian slope of the northern Andean region in South America. [more]
Steniella
Stenizella
Stenobolusia
Stenocoryne
Stenoglossum
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Stenoglottis
Stenolexia
Stenopetella
Stenopogon
Stenoptera
Stenorhynchos
Stenorrhynchos
Herbs, perennial, terrestrial. Roots fascicled, fleshy. Stems with foliaceous sheaths. Leaves flat at maturity. Inflorescences densely flowered racemes. Flowers resupinate, without mentum or spur; perianth parts distinct and free, basally connivent, forming tube, apically recurved; lip elliptic-lanceolate, base truncate or slightly cordate, apex free, acute; calli barely raised on either side of basal claw extending onto base of lamina of lip where hairy; column not inflated adaxially at base, extended obliquely on top of ovary only very slightly; anther entire; viscidium narrowly elliptic, sheathing rostellum; stigma nearly terminal; rostellum well developed, needlelike. Fruits capsules.[29] [more]
Stenorrhynchus
Stenorrynchos
Stenosarcos
Stenotyla
Stephanothelys
Stephanothelys is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Stephenara
Stephenmonkhouseara
Stereochilus
The Many-lined Salamander (Stereochilus marginatus) is a species of salamander in the Plethodontidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Stereochilus.[] It is endemic to the United States. [more]
Stereosandra
Steumpfleara
Steveniella
Steveniella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Stevenorchis
Stichorkis
Liparis is a genus of orchids, commonly known as false twayblade. It comprises about 200 species with cosmopolitan distribution. Most species bear dull-colored, purplish flowers in a terminal spike. [more]
Stictophyllorchis
Stigmatodactylus
Stigmatorthos
Stigmatosema
Stilbophyllum
Stilifolium
Stimegas
The genus Paphiopedilum consists of flowering plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It contains about 80 accepted species nowadays, some of which are natural hybrids. These slipper orchids are native to South China, India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, and form their own subtribe, the Paphiopedilinae. [more]
Stolzia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Strateuma
Stricklandara
Suarezia
Sudamerlycaste
Sudamuloa
Sullivania
Summerangis
Summerhayesia
Sunipia
Susanperreiraara
Sutrina
Sutrina is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Svenkoeltzia
Svenkoeltzia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Sweetara
Symphyglossum
Synadena
Phalaenopsis () Blume (1825), abbreviated Phal in the horticultural trade, is an orchid genus of approximately 60 species. Phalaenopsis is one of the most popular orchids in the trade, through the development of many artificial hybrids. [more]
Synanthes
Synanthes is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Synarmosepalum
Synarmosepalum is a genus of orchids comprising 2 species endemic to the Philippines. [more]
Synoplectris
Synptera
Trichoglottis, abbreviated Trgl in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains about 60 species found in East Asia, Malaysia, Australia, the Philippines and Polynesia. [more]
Systeloglossum
Taeniophyllum
Taeniorrhiza
Tainia
Tainia is a of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Australia. [more]
Tainiopsis
Eriodes barbata is a species of orchids (family Orchidaceae) and the sole species of the genus Eriodes. [more]
Takakiara
Talpinaria
Pleurothallis, abbreviated Pths in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids commonly named Bonnet Orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word 'pleurothallos', meaning 'riblike branches'. This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. [more]
Tamayorkis
Tanara
Tangtsinia
Tangtsinia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Tankervillia
Phaius is a genus of large, mostly terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae). The genus has about 20 species. These species are found in tropical Asia, into China, Japan, Australia, and west to Africa and Madagascar. The genus is abbreviated Phaius in trade journals. [more]
Tapeinoglossum
Taprobanea
Taprobanea is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Tateara
Taurantha
Taurodium
Taurostalix
Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. With more than 2,000 species, it is also one of the largest genera of flowering plants, exceeded only by Astragalus. This genus is abbreviated in the trade journals as Bulb. [more]
Teagueia
Telipogon
Teohara
Tetrabaculum
Tetrabroughtanthe
Tetracattleya
Tetracyclia
Tetragamestus
Tetrakeria
Tetramicra
A genus in the Kingdom Fungi. [more]
Tetrapeltis
Tetrarthron
Tetratonia
Tetrodon
Tetronichilis
Teuscheria
Thaia
Thaia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Thecopus
Thecostele
Thelasis
Thelychiton
Thelymitra
Thelymitra is a genus of orchids known as 'sun orchids' in reference to their habit of only opening in warm weather. [more]
Thelyschista
Theodorea
Thesaera
Thicuania
Dendrobium is a huge genus of orchids. It was established by Olof Swartz in 1799 and today contains about 1,200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron ("tree") and bios ("life"); it means "one who lives on trees", or, essentially, "epiphyte". [more]
Thiebautia
Bletia is a genus of about 30 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae), almost of all of which are terrestrial, some are occasionally lithophytic or epiphytic. It is named after Spanish botanist and pharmacist . The genus is distributed from Florida south to Brazil. [more]
Thorvaldsenia
Chysis is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae), consisting of about 5 species which originate from Mexico to Peru. Only two or three of these are commonly found in cultivation. The genus is abbreviated Chy in trade journals. [more]
Thouarsara
Thrixspermum
Thrixspermum is a genus of orchids, comprising around 100 species distributed from India to Southeast Asia and New Guinea. The genus is also present in several Pacific Islands and two species have been found in Australia. The type species is Thrixspermum centipedia. These orchids live in lowland tropical rainforests up to an altitude of 1,200 m. [more]
Thulinia
Thulinia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Thunia
Thunia is a of orchids (family Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe Thuniinae. The genus comprises 6 species, native to Southeast Asia. It is abbreviated Thu in trade journals. [more]
Thwaitesara
Thynninorchis
Thysanoglossa
Thysanoglossa is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Ticoglossum
Ticoglossum is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Tinaea
Tinea
Tinea is a general term used to describe skin mycoses. The term ringworm is even less precise, but is usually considered a synonym. [more]
Tipularia
Tipularia is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae), comprising only 2 species. Its name is derived from Tipula, a genus of cranefly. [more]
Titania
Titania is a character in William Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream. In the play, she is the queen of the fairies. Due to Shakespeare's influence, later fiction has often used the name "Titania" for fairy queen characters. [more]
Toladenia
Tolassia
Tolguezettia
Toluandra
Tolucentrum
Tolumnia
Tolumnia Rafinesque, is a genus in the family Orchidaceae. Previously known as the "equitant Oncidiums," the species were segregated from the mega-genus Oncidium by Guido in 1986. The plants are small, usually epiphytic, with small or absent pseudobulbs completely covered by leaves, which are triangular or circular in cross section and overlap each other at base to resemble a fan. The inflorescences arise between the leaf base and bear colorful, showy flowers. The labella are large, ornamented by variously shaped calli. The column bears prominent wings flanking the stigma. [more]
Tolumnopsis
Tolutonia
Tomoderara
Tomzanonia
Tomzanonia is a genus of orchids, (family Orchidaceae), consisting of a single species, Tomzanonia filicina (Dod) Nir, found on Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles. [more]
Townsonia
Trachelosiphon
Trachoma
Trachyrhizum
Traunsteinera
Trautara
Trevorara
Trevoria
Triaristella
Trisetella is a genus of about 20 species of South American orchid, native to the Andes. They bear small flowers with fused sepals and fused petals. The synsepal bears three hair-like tails, which is the namesake of Trisetella ("three little bristles"). [more]
Triaristellina
Trisetella is a genus of about 20 species of South American orchid, native to the Andes. They bear small flowers with fused sepals and fused petals. The synsepal bears three hair-like tails, which is the namesake of Trisetella ("three little bristles"). [more]
Trias
Trias is a board game authored by Ralf Lehmkuhl. It is distributed by Rio Grande Games, Tilsit Editions and Gecko Games. [more]
Tribrachia
Tribulago
Tribulago is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Triceratorhynchus
Trichassia
Trichocenilus
Trichocentrum
Trichocentrum, often abbreviated Trctm in horticulture, is a genus in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It was described by Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher and Eduard Friedrich Poeppig in 1836; the type species is the (T. pulchrum). This genus alone makes up the monogeneric Trichocentrum alliance, a quite distinct lineage of the subtribe Oncidiinae [more]
Trichoceros
Trichochilus
Trichocidiphyllum
Trichocidium
Trichoglottis
Trichonopsis
Trichopilia
Trichopogon
Trichosalpinx
Trichosma
Trichostele
Trichotosia
Trichovanda
Tridachne
Tridactyle
Trigolyca
Trigonidium
Trigonochilum
Triorchis
Triorchos
Triphora
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Tripleura
Trisetella
Tritelandra
Epidendrum (), abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ?p?, epi and d??d???, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. [more]
Trizeuxis
Trophianthus
Aspasia, abbreviated as Asp. in the horticultural trade, is a genus of 7 species of orchids occurring from southern Mexico to southern Brazil. The genus is closely related to Miltonia and Brassia. Aspasia species have few medium size flowers of exquisite colors which are occasionally cultivated or used to produce artificial hybrids. [more]
Tropidia
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[30] [more]
Tropilis
Trudelia
Tryphia
Tsaiorchis
Tsaiorchis is a genus of in family Orchidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Tsubotaara
Tubecentron
Tuberlabium
Tuberolabium
Tuberoparaptoceras
Tubilabium
Tubilabium is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Tulexis
Brassavola is a genus of 20 orchids (family Orchidaceae). They were named in 1813 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown. The name comes from the Venetian nobleman and physician Antonio Musa Brassavola. This genus is abbreviated B. in trade journals. [more]
Tulotis
Turnbowara
Tussaca
Twuara
Tylochilus
Cyrtopodium, often abbreviated Cyrt in horticulture, is a genus of more than 40 species of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids found from Florida and Mexico through Argentina. They appear to form a distinct lineage in the tribe Cymbidieae together with their relatives Galeandra and Grobya; this group forms the Cyrtopodium alliance, either placed in the subtribe Catasetinae or separated as subtribe . [more]
Tylostigma
Tylostigma is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Ulantha
Uleiorchis
Uncifera
Uncifera is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Unciferia
Unciferia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Unguella
Univiscidiatus
Uptonara
Urochilus
Uropedium
Phragmipedium is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae) and the only genus comprised in the tribe Phragmipedieae and subtribe Phragmipediinae. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek phragma, which means "division", and pedium, which means "slipper" (referring to the pouch). It is abbreviated 'Phrag' in trade journals.[] [more]
Urostachya
Valinara
Vanachnochilus
Vananthopsis
Vancampe
Vanda
Vanda is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) which, although not large (about fifty species), is one of the most important florally. This genus and it allies are considered to be the most highly evolved of all orchids within Orchidaceae. The genus is very highly prized in horticulture for its showy, fragrant, long lasting, and intensely colorful flowers. [more]
Vandachnis
Vandachostylis
Vandaenopsis
Vandaeranthes
Vandewegheara
Vandirea
Vandofinetia
Vandofinides
Vandoglossum
Vandopirea
Vandopsides
Vandopsis
Vandoritis
Vanglossum
Vanilla
Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily from the Mexican species, Flat-leaved Vanilla (V. planifolia). The word vanilla, derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word (vaina itself meaning sheath or pod), simply translates as little pod. Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican peoples cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called tlilxochitl by the Aztecs, and Spanish conquistador Hern?n Cort?s is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s. [more]
Vanvanda
Vappaculum
Vappodes
Vappodes is a genus of orchids from Indonesia, New Guinea and Australia. [more]
Vargasara
Vargasiella
Vargasiella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Vascostylis
Vasqueziella
Vaughnara
Ventricularia
Ventricularia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Veraara
Verboonenara
Vermeulenia
Vesicisepalum
Vesicisepalum is a genus of orchids comprising 3 species. [more]
Vexillabium
Veyretella
Veyretia
Vietorchis
Viraphandhuara
Virichocerog
Vitechilum
Vitecidium
Volkertara
Vonbismarckara
Vriesara
Vrydagzynea
Vuylstekeara
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Wailaiara
Waireia
Waironara
Waiyengara
Wallnoeferia
Walnewa
Waluewa
Warasara
Warcatardia
Warchaubeanthes
Warchlerhyncha
Warczatoria
Warczebardia
Warczerhyncha
Warczewiczella
Warczewscaphe
Warmingia
Warnerara
Warrea
Warreella
Warreopsis
Warreopsis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Warscaea
Warscatoranthes
Warscewiczella
Warszewiczara
Warszewiczella
Weberbauerara
Wilhelmara
Wilkara
Wilkinsara
Williamcookara
Williampriceara
Wilsonara
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Winika
Winika is a monotypic genus of epiphytic orchids that is endemic to New Zealand, commonly found growing in rainforest in the North, South, Stewart and Chatham Islands. It normally flowers in summer and early autumn. Its common names are winika, pekapeka, christmas orchid, bamboo orchid (owing to the bamboo / reed-like stems). [more]
Wiseara
Wolleydodara
Wooara
Wullschlaegelia
Wullschlaegelia is a genus of orchids, (family Orchidaceae), consisting of two species in the Caribbean Islands. [more]
X Microcattleya
Xaritonia
Oncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe Oncidiinae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This is a complex, difficult genus, with many species being reclassified. Calls are made for splitting this genus into multiple genera. [more]
Xeilyathum
Oncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe Oncidiinae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This is a complex, difficult genus, with many species being reclassified. Calls are made for splitting this genus into multiple genera. [more]
Xenikophyton
Xenikophyton is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. [more]
Xenosia
Xerorchis
Xerorchis (from Greek xeros, dry, and orchis, -shaped) is a orchid genus in the subfamily Epidendroideae, and the sole representative of tribe Xerorchideae. This is a very primitive genus consisting of terrestrial orchids. Xerorchis thrives in South America. [more]
Xerriara
Xiphizusa
Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. With more than 2,000 species, it is also one of the largest genera of flowering plants, exceeded only by Astragalus. This genus is abbreviated in the trade journals as Bulb. [more]
Xiphosium
Xylobium
Yapara
Yinmunara
Yinwaiara
Yithoeara
Yoania
Yolanda
Yolanda is a given name, of Greek origin but existing in many languages, meaning Violet. The form of the name in Greek is Iolanthe. In Czech and Slovak the name is spelled Jolantha. It is spelled Jolanta in Polish. [more]
Yoneoara
Yonezawaara
Youngyouthara
Ypsilactyle
Ypsilopus
Yusofara
Zelemnia
Zelenchostele
Zelencidiostele
Zelencidopsis
Zelenettia
Zelengomestele
Zelenkoa
Zelenkocidium
Zellahuntanthes
Zelomguezia
Zeloncidesa
Zelumguezia
Zelyrtodium
Zetagyne
Zeuxine
Zeuxine is a large genus of about 90 orchids (family Orchidaceae) belonging to the subfamily Orchidoideae. [more]
Zeuxinella
Zhukowskia
Zoduba
Zoophora
Zootrophion
Zosterophyllanthos
Zosterostylis
Zygobardia
Zygobatemannia
Zygocaste
Zygodisanthus
Zygoglossum
Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. With more than 2,000 species, it is also one of the largest genera of flowering plants, exceeded only by Astragalus. This genus is abbreviated in the trade journals as Bulb. [more]
Zygolum
Zygomenzella
Zygoneria
Zygonisia
Zygopabstia
Zygopetalon
Zygopetalum
Zygopetalum ( 1833), is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) (subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Maxillarieae, subtribe Zygopetalinae), consisting of fourteen species. [more]
Zygoscaphe
Zygosepalum
Zygostates
Zygostates is a genus of found in central to southern Brazil. The word is from the Greek zygostates (weigher, balance) and refers to the projections from the base of the column which resemble a balance. [more]
Zygostylis
Zygotoria
Zygowarrea
Zygozella
More info about the Genus Zygozella may be found here.
References
- ^ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Version 9, June 2008 Mobot.org
- ^ "WCSP". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ Taxonomic exaggeration and its effects on orchid conservation
- ^ Corominas, Joan. "Breve Diccionario Etimol?gico de la Lengua Castellana". Ed. Gredos, 1980. ISBN 8424913329, pp 328
- ^ "Orchid". The Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=orchid. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
- ^ King, Jenny. "The coralroot orchid". Orchids in Northern Washington State. Silvercrown Mountain Outdoor School. http://www.exploresmos.org/nature/orchids-northern-washington-state/. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ World's first night-flowering or chid discovered, Australian Geographic, 23 November 2010
- ^ a b Santiago R. Ram?rez, Barbara Gravendeel, Rodrigo B. Singer, Charles R. Marshall & Naomi E. Pierce (30 August 2007). "Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator". Nature 448 (7157): 1042?1042. doi:10.1038/nature06039. PMID 17728756. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v448/n7157/abs/nature06039.html.
- ^ The origin and biogeograp hy of Orchidaceae. In Pridgeon, AM , Cribb, PJ, Chase, MW, and Rasmussen, F, eds. Genera orchidacearum. Vol. 2. pp. 1-5 Oxford University Press , Oxford
- ^ Whitman, Melissa; Medler, Michael; Randriamanindry, Jean Jacques; Rabakonadrianina, Elisabeth (April 2011). "Conservation of Madagascar's granite outcrop orchids: influence of fire and moisture". Lankesteriana (Jard?n Bot?nico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica.) 11:1: 55?67. ISSN 1409-3871. http://lankesteriana.org/lankesteriana/LANKESTERIANA%2011%281%29/9_Whitman%20et%20al.%202011.pdf.
- ^ Leake JR. 2005. Plants parasitic on fungi: unearthing the fungi in myco-heterotrophs and debunking the 'saprophytic' plant myth. Mycologist 19: 113?122. (abstract)).
- ^ Early western district (Vic.) settler gives account of local Aboriginal people gathering Potato Orchid tubers, digging where bandicoots had scratched. (Dawson in Zola & Gott, 1992:38)
- ^ Hossain MM.,"Therapeutic orchids: traditional uses and recent advances--an overview." Fitoterapia. 2011 Mar;82(2):102-40
Bibliography
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- Ames, O. 19051922. Orchidaeceae: Illustrations and Studies of the Family Orchidaceae Issuing from the Ames Botanical Laboratory. 7 vols. Boston and New York. Vol. 7.
- Ames, O. and C. Schweinfurth. 1935. Nomenclatural studies in Malaxis and Spiranthes. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 113-133.
- Ames, O. and C. Schweinfurth. 1935. Nomenclatural studies in Malaxis and Spiranthes. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 113-133.
- Braem, G. J. 1986. TolumniaDer neue, aber doch alte, Name für die Variegaten Oncidien. Orchidee (Hamburg) 37: 5559.
- Burns-Balogh, P. 1982. Generic redefinition in subtribe Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 69: 1119-1132.
- Catling, P. M. 1982. Breeding systems of northeastern North American Spiranthes (Orchidaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 60: 3017-3039.
- Catling, P. M. 1980b. Systematics of Spiranthes L. C. Richard in Northeastern North America. Ph.D. thesis. University of Toronto.
- Catling, P. M. 1981. Taxonomy of autumn-flowering Spiranthes species of southern Nova Scotia. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1253-1270.
- Catling, P. M. 1991. Systematics of Malaxis bayardii and M. unifolia. Lindleyana 6: 3-23.
- Catling, P. M. and J. R. Brown. 1983. Morphometrics and ecological isolation in sympatric Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in southwestern Ontario. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 2747-2759.
- Chase, M. W. and J. S. Pippen. 1988. Seed morphology in the Oncidiinae and related subtribes (Orchidaceae). Syst. Bot. 13: 313323.
- Garay, L. A. 1977. Systematics of the Physurinae (Orchidaceae) in the New World. Bradea 2: 191-204.
- Garay, L. A. and P. Taylor. 1976. The genus Oeceoclades Lindl. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 24: 249-274.
- Homoya, M. A. 1977. The Distribution and Ecology of the Genus Isotria in Illinois. Master's thesis. Southern Illinois University.
- Kooser, R. G. and G. C. Kennedy. 1979. The genus Brassia R. Brown section Eubrassia Lindley. Orchid Digest 43: 164-172.
- Mehrhoff, L. A. 1983. Pollination in the genus Isotria (Orchidaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 70: 1444-1453.
- Rolfe, R. A. 1892. The genus Galeandra. Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 12: 430-431.
- Rolfe, R. A. 1898. Pteroglossaspis. In: D. Oliver et al., eds. 1868-1937. Flora of Tropical Africa. 10 vols. London. Vol. 7, pp. 99-100.
- Romero-G., G. A. 1993. Notes on Pteroglossaspis (Orchidaceae), a new genus for the flora of Colombia. Orquidea (Mexico City) 13: 275-280.
- Szlachetko, D. L. 1995. Systema orchidalium. Fragm. Florist. Geobot., suppl. 3: 1-152.
- Todzia, C. A. 1980. A revision of the Costa Rican species of Campylocentrum (Orchidaceae). Brenesia 18: 117-136.
- Williams, N. H. 1972. A reconsideration of Ada and the glumaceous brassias. Brittonia 24: 93-110.
- Williams, N. H., M. W. Chase, T. Fulcher, and W. M. Whitten. 2001. Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: Expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus (Orchidaceae). Lindleyana 16: 113139.
- Wood, J. J. 1989. Pteroglossaspis. In: W. B. Turrill et al., eds. 1952+. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 152+ vols. London and Rotterdam. Orchidaceae, part 3, pp. 480-482.
Footnotes
- Charles J. Sheviak & Paul M. Catling "Arethusa". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 497, 596, 598. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- James D. Ackerman "Beloglottis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 499, 522. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Charles J. Sheviak & Paul M. Catling "Calypso". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 494, 622. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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- Gustavo A. Romero-González "Pteroglossaspis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 496, 641, 642. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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- ^ Number of orchids
- ^ Orchid Fact File, Royal Botanic gardens, Kew
- ^ CLASSIFICATION OF ORCHIDACEAE IN THE AGE OF DNA DATA
- ^ [www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00573.x Taxonomic exaggeration and its effects on orchid cons ervation]
- ^ Santiago R. RamÃrez, Barbara Gravendeel, Rodrigo B. Singer, Charles R. Marshall & Naomi E. Pierce (30 August 2007). "Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator". Nature 448.
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