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Malvaceae

(Family)

Overview

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Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species.1] Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao. The largest genera in terms of number of species include Hibiscus (300 species), Sterculia (250 species), Dombeya (225 species), Pavonia (200 species) and Sida (200 species[]).

Taxonomy and nomenclature

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The circumscription of the Malvaceae is very controversial. The traditional Malvaceae sensu stricto comprises a very homogeneous and cladistically monophyletic group. Another major circumscription, Malvaceae sensu lato, has been more recently defined on the basis that molecular techniques have shown that the commonly recognised families Bom bacaceae, Tiliaceae, and Sterculiaceae, which have always been considered closely allied to Malvaceae s.s., are not monophyletic groups. Thus the Malvaceae can be been expanded to include all of these families so as to compose a monophyletic group. Adopting this circumscription, Malvaceae incorporates a much larger number of genera.

This article is based on the second circumscription, as presented by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.[2] The Malvaceae s.l. (hereafter simply "Malvaceae") comprise nine subfamilies. A tentative cladogram of the family is shown below. The diamond denotes a poorly supported branching (<80%).

It is important to point out the relationships between these subfamilies are still either poorly supported or almost completely obscure, so that the circumscription of the family may change dramatically as new studies are published.

If looking for information about the traditional Malvaceae s.s., we recommend referring to Malvoideae, the subfamily that approximately corresponds to that group.

The English common name 'mallow' (also applied to other members of Malvaceae) comes from Latin malva (also the source for the English word "mauve"). Malva itself was ultimately derived from the word for the plant in ancient Mediterranean languages.[3] Cognates of the word include Ancient Greek ?a???? (malakhe), modern Arabic: ??????? (mulukhiyah) and modern Hebrew: ??????? (molokhia).[3][4]

Description

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Pavonia odorata

Most species are herbs or shrubs but some are trees and lianas.

Leaves and stems

Stellate hairs on the underside of a dried leaf of Malva alcea

Leaves are generally alternate, often palmately lobed or compound and palmately veined. The margin may be entire, but when dentate a vein ends at the tip of each tooth (malvoid teeth). Stipules are present. The stems contain mucous canals and often also mucous cavities. Hairs are common, and are most typically stellate.

Flowers

The flowers are commonly borne in definite or indefinite axillary inflorescences, which are often reduced to a single flower, but may also be cauliflorous, oppositifolious or terminal. They often bear supernumerary bracts. They can be unisexual or bisexual and are generally actinomorphic, often associated with conspicuous bracts, forming an epicalyx. They generally have five valvate sepals, most frequently basally connate. Five imbricate petals. The stamens are five to numerous, connate at least at their bases, but often forming a tube around the pistils. The pistils are composed of two to many connate carpels. The ovary is superior, with axial placentation. Capitate or lobed stigma. The flowers have nectaries made of many tightly packed glandular hairs, usually positioned on the sepals.

Fruits

Durian fruits.

Most often a loculicidal capsule, a schizocarp or nut.

Pollination

Self pollination is often avoided by means of protandry. Most species are entomophilous (pollinated by insects).

Importance

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A number of species are pests in agriculture, including Abutilon theophrasti and Modiola caroliniana, and others that are garden escapes. Cotton (4 species of Gossypium), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), cacao, kola nut and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are important agricultural crops. The fruit and leaves of baobabs are edible, as is the fruit of the durian. group. Adopting this circumscription, Malvaceae incorporates a much larger number of genera.

This article is based on the second circumscription, as presented by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.[2] The Malvaceae s.l. (hereafter simply "Malvaceae") comprise nine subfamilies. A tentative cladogram of the family is shown below. The diamond denotes a poorly supported branching (<80%).

It is important to point out the relationships between these subfamilies are still either poorly supported or almost completely obscure, so that the circumscription of the family may change dramatically as new studies are published.

If looking for information about the traditional Malvaceae s.s., we recommend referring to Malvoideae, the subfamily that approximately corresponds to that group.

The English common name 'mallow' (also applied to other members of Malvaceae) comes from Latin malva (also the source for the English word "mauve"). Malva itself was ultimately derived from the word for the plant in ancient Mediterranean languages.[3] Cognates of the word include Ancient Greek ?a???? (malakhe), modern Arabic: ??????? (mulukhiyah) and modern Hebrew: ??????? (molokhia).[3][4]

Description

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Pavonia odorata

Most species are herbs or shrubs but some are trees and lianas.

Leaves and stems

Stellate hairs on the underside of a dried leaf of Malva alcea

Leaves are generally alternate, often palmately lobed or compound and palmately veined. The margin may be entire, but when dentate a vein ends at the tip of each tooth (malvoid teeth). Stipules are present. The stems contain mucous canals and often also mucous cavities. Hairs are common, and are most typically stellate.

Flowers

The flowers are commonly borne in definite or indefinite axillary inflorescences, which are often reduced to a single flower, but may also be cauliflorous, oppositifolious or terminal. They often bear supernumerary bracts. They can be unisexual or bisexual and are generally actinomorphic, often associated with conspicuous bracts, forming an epicalyx. They generally have five valvate sepals, most frequently basally connate. Five imbricate petals. The stamens are five to numerous, connate at least at their bases, but often forming a tube around the pistils. The pistils are composed of two to many connate carpels. The ovary is superior, with axial placentation. Capitate or lobed stigma. The flowers have nectaries made of many tightly packed glandular hairs, usually positioned on the sepals.

Fruits

Durian fruits.

Most often a loculicidal capsule, a schizocarp or nut.

Pollination

Self pollination is often avoided by means of protandry. Most species are entomophilous (pollinated by insects).

Importance

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A number of species are pests in agriculture, including Abutilon theophrasti and Modiola caroliniana, and others that are garden escapes. Cotton (4 species of Gossypium), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), cacao, kola nut and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are important agricultural crops. The fruit and leaves of baobabs are edible, as is the fruit of the durian.

References

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  1. ^ Judd & al.
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
  3. ^ a b Douglas Harper. "mallow". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mallow&allowed_in_frame=0. Retrieved February 3, 2012. 
  4. ^ Khalid. "Molokheya: an Egyptian National Dish". THe Baheyeldin Dynasty. http://baheyeldin.com/egypt/molokheya-an-egyptian-national-dish.html. Retrieved September 10, 2011. 
  • Baum, D. A., W. S. Alverson, and R. Nyffeler (1998). "A durian by any other name: taxonomy and nomenclature of the core Malvales". Harvard Papers in Botany 3: 315?330. 
  • Baum, D. A.; Dewitt Smith, S.; Yen, A.; Alverson, W. S.; Nyffeler, R.; Whitlock, B. A.; Oldham, R. L. (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships of Malvatheca (Bombacoideae and Malvoideae; Malvaceae sensu lato) as inferred from plastid DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany 91 (11): 1863?71. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1863. PMID 21652333.  edit
  • Bayer, C. (1999). "Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastidatpB andrbcL DNA sequences". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 129 (4): 267?303. doi:10.1006/bojl.1998.0226.  edit
  • Bayer, C. and K. Kubitzki 2003. Malvaceae, pp. 225-311. In K. Kubitzki (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 5, Malvales, Capparales and non-betalain Caryophyllales.
  • Edlin, H. L. (1935). "A Critical Revision of Certain Taxonomic Groups of the Malvales Part Ii1". New Phytologist 34 (2): 122. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1935.tb06834.x.  edit
  • Judd, W. S.; Manchester, S. R. (1997). "Circumscription of Malvaceae (Malvales) as Determined by a Preliminary Cladistic Analysis of Morphological, Anatomical, Palynological, and Chemical Characters". Brittonia 49 (3): 384?405. doi:10.2307/2807839. JSTOR 2807839.  edit
  • Judd, W. S., C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg and P. F. Stevens. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach.
  • Maas, P. J. M. and L. Y. Th. Westra. 2005. Neotropical Plant Families (3rd edition).
  • Perveen, A.; Grafstrom, E.; El-Ghazaly, G. (2004). "World Pollen and Spore Flora 23. Malvaceae Adams. P.p. Subfamilies: Grewioideae, Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae". Grana 43 (3): 129. doi:10.1080/00173130410000730. ISBN 3130410000730.  edit
  • Tate, J. A., J. F. Aguilar, S. J. Wagstaff, J. C. La Duke, T. A. Bodo Slotta and B. B. Simpson (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data". American Journal of Botany 92 (4): 584?602. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.4.584. PMID 21652437.  (abstract online here).

See also

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Florissantia -- an extinct Cenozoic genus

External links

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Taxonomy

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The Family Malvaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Abelmoschus

Abelmoschus is a genus of about fifteen species of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae, native to tropical Africa, Asia and northern Australia. It was formerly included within Hibiscus, but is now classified as a distinct genus. [more]

Abortopetalum

[more]

Abroma

Abroma is a genus in the Sterculiaceae family of two species from Asia and Australia. [more]

Abutilaea

[more]

Abutilodes

[more]

Abutilon

Abutilon () is a large genus of approximately 150 species of broadleaf evergreens in the mallow family, Malvaceae. The genus includes annuals, perennials, shrubs, and small trees from 1?10 m tall, and is found in the tropical and subtropical regions of all continents. The leaves are alternate, unlobed or palmately lobed with 3-7 lobes. The flowers are conspicuous, with five petals, mostly red, pink, orange, yellow or white. [more]

Abutilothamnus

Abutilothamnus is a genus of trees in the family Malvaceae, native to Venezuela. [more]

Acaulimalva

[more]

Achania

[more]

Acropogon

Acropogon is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family. It is endemic to New Caledonia. It contains around 25 species, including: [more]

Adansonia

[more]

Aguiaria

[more]

Akrosida

Akrosida is a genus in the tribe Malveae in the plant family Malvaceae. In 2007, the genus consisted of only two species: Akrosida floribunda, native to the Dominican Republic, and Akrosida macrophylla, native to Brazil. Both species have very limited distributions. [more]

Alcea

Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, usually erect, unbranched, most parts stellate pubescent, sometimes mixed with long simple hairs. Leaves long petiolate; leaf blade ovate to suborbicular, angled, weakly lobed, or deeply palmatipartite, margin crenate or dentate, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled, often arranged into terminal racemes. Epicalyx lobes 6 or 7, basally connate. Calyx 5-lobed, ± pubescent. Petals pink, white, purple, or yellow, usually more than 3 cm wide, apex notched. Staminal column glabrous with anthers clustered at apex; anthers yellow and compact. Ovary 15- or more loculed; ovules 1 per locule, erect; styles as many as locules; stigmas decurrent, filiform. Fruit a schizocarp, disk-shaped, fruit axis as long as or shorter than carpels; mericarps more than 15, laterally compressed and circular with a prominent ventral notch, glabrous or pubescent, 2-celled, proximal cell 1-seeded, distal cell sterile. Seed glabrous or pustulose.[1] [more]

Allosidastrum

Allosidastrum is a New World genus comprising four species in the tribe Malveae in the family Malvaceae. Members of the genus are woody, bearing ovate leaves with long petioles. Flowers - borne without calyculi - bear small, basally rounded calyxes of a length greater than that of their pedicels and whitish or palely yellow petals. Gynoeciums each consist of five to nine carpels and mature into fruits that yield one seed for each of their carpels. [more]

Allowissadula

Allowissadula, the false Indianmallow, is a North American genus in the tribe Malveae in the family Malvaceae. Members of the genus typically bear flowers each with a calyx six to fourteen millimeters in length, five styles and five carpels. Members of the genus lack epicalyxes. [more]

Althaea

Althaea is the Latin rendering of Greek Althaia, which may be related to Greek ????? althos "healing". It can refer to: [more]

Alyogyne

Alyogyne is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae which are endemic to Australia. Its species were formerly in the genus Hibiscus but were split off starting in 1863 with H. hakaeifolius. In 1915 Lewton transferred H. cuneiformis and in Fryxell (1968) H. pinonianus and H. huegelii followed. A recent revision has created many new species. [more]

Ancistrocarpus

[more]

Andeimalva

[more]

Anisantha

[more]

Anisodontea

Anisodontea is a genus in the tribe Malveae in the family Malvaceae. It comprises twenty-one species native to South Africa. Members of the genus typically bear toothed leaves with three or five palmate, uneven lobes. Members of the genus also typically bear flowers with a pubescent calyx, a five-petaled corolla streaked from the center and pink to magenta in color, and stamens with anthers of a dark color. [more]

Anoda

Anoda is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family. There are 23 or 24 species of these herbs, most native to Mexico and South America. They are generally erect plants with a variety of leaf shapes, and many bear colorful flowers. Most bear distinctive disk-shaped segmented fruits. [more]

Anotea

[more]

Anthema

Lavatera is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, central and eastern Asia, and Australia. A number of species previously listed in this genus have now been transferred to the related genus Malva. Lavatera species are known as tree mallows, or rather ambiguously as rose mallows, royal mallows or annual mallows. [more]

Apeiba

Apeiba is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family. [more]

Asterochlaena

[more]

Asterophorum

Asterophorum is a genus of flowering plant in the Tiliaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Asterotrichion

[more]

Astiria

[more]

Atkinsia

Atkinsia is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Axolopha

Lavatera is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, central and eastern Asia, and Australia. A number of species previously listed in this genus have now been transferred to the related genus Malva. Lavatera species are known as tree mallows, or rather ambiguously as rose mallows, royal mallows or annual mallows. [more]

Ayenia

Ayenia is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It contains erect, taprooted shrubs with serrated leaves. They are native to warm areas in the Americas. [more]

Azanza

[more]

Bakeridesia

[more]

Bamia

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench, pronounced US: , UK: /'?kr?/, known in many English-speaking countries as lady's fingers or gumbo) is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of South Asian, Ethiopian and West African origins. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world. [more]

Baobabus

[more]

Bastardia

Bastardia is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. [more]

Bastardiastrum

[more]

Bastardiopsis

[more]

Batesimalva

[more]

Beloere

[more]

Bernoullia

[more]

Berrya

Trees. Leaves alternate; leaf blade basal veins 5-7, base cordate, margin entire. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, paniculate. Flowers many, minute. Calyx campanulate, 3-5-divided. Petals 5, white or pink, spatulate or filiform. Stamens many, free; staminodes absent. Ovary 3(or 4) -loculed; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule, globose, 3(or 4) -valved, loculicidally dehiscent, each valve with 2 erect wings. Seeds 1 or 2(-4) per cell, villous; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons fallacious.[2] [more]

Billieturnera

[more]

Bismalva

[more]

Blanchetiastrum

[more]

Blepharanthemum

[more]

Bogenhardia

[more]

Bombacopsis

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Bombax

Bombax is a genus of mainly tropical trees in the mallow family. They are native to western Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, as well as sub-tropical regions of East Asia and northern Australia. Common names for the genus include Silk Cotton Tree, Simal, Red Cotton Tree, Kapok and simply Bombax. In Chinese they are known as Mumian (Chinese: ; pinyin: m?mi?n), meaning "tree cotton". Currently three species are recognised, though many plants have been placed in the genus that were later moved. [more]

Bombycidendron

[more]

Bordasia

[more]

Brachychiton

Brachychiton (Kurrajong, Bottletree) is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia (the centre of diversity, with 30 species), and New Guinea (one species). Fossils from New South Wales and New Zealand are estimated to be 50 million years old, corresponding to the Tertiary. [more]

Brehmia

[more]

Briquetia

[more]

Brockmania

[more]

Brownlowia

Brownlowia is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Bupariti

[more]

Burretiodendron

Burretiodendron is a genus of flowering plant in the Tiliaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Byttneria

Byttneria is a genus of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae (or Sterculiaceae if these are considered valid). Several species have become rare through deforestation, some (e.g. B. minytricha are threatened with extinction, and B. ivorensis from Côte d'Ivoire may already have disappeared entirely, having only been found once, in 1896. [more]

Callirhoe

This wild flower is monocot and angiosperm. Callirhoe, the poppy mallows, is a of nine species in the mallow family (Malvaceae), native to the prairies and grasslands of North America. Of the nine species, some are annual and some perennial plants. [more]

Calyculogygas

[more]

Calyptraemalva

[more]

Canhamo

[more]

Carolinea

[more]

Catostemma

[more]

Cavanillea

[more]

Cavanillesia

Cavanillesia is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species (list may not be complete): [more]

Ceiba

Ceiba is the name of a genus of many species of large trees found in tropical areas, including Mexico, Central America, South America, The Bahamas, Belize and the Caribbean, West Africa, and Southeast Asia. Some species can grow to 70 m (230 ft) tall or more, with a straight, largely branchless trunk that culminates in a huge, spreading canopy, and buttress roots that can be taller than a grown person. The best-known, and most widely cultivated, species is Kapok, Ceiba pentandra. [more]

Cenocentrum

Shrubs; entire plant yellow stellate scabrously spiny. Stipule ovate; leaf blade orbicular, palmately 5-9-lobed. Flowers solitary or arranged in broad corymbs, axillary. Epicalyx lobes 4, leaflike, connate at base, persistent. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Corolla large; petals 5, obovate. Staminal column villous. Ovary 10-loculed; ovules several per locule; style pilose, 10-branched at apex; stigmas capitate. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds reniform, glabrous, with minute spots.[3] [more]

Cephalohibiscus

[more]

Cheirolaena

[more]

Chiranthodendron

Chiranthodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, comprising a single species of tree, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, is called the Devil's hand tree, monkey's hand tree, or Mexican hand tree, or some variant thereof - for the distinct shape of its flowers, which resemble an open human hand. [more]

Chorisia

Ceiba is the name of a genus of many species of large trees found in tropical areas, including Mexico, Central America, South America, The Bahamas, Belize and the Caribbean, West Africa, and Southeast Asia. Some species can grow to 70 m (230 ft) tall or more, with a straight, largely branchless trunk that culminates in a huge, spreading canopy, and buttress roots that can be taller than a grown person. The best-known, and most widely cultivated, species is Kapok, Ceiba pentandra. [more]

Christiana

[more]

Cienfuegosia

[more]

Clappertonia

[more]

Codonochlamys

[more]

Coelostegia

[more]

Cola

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Colona

Trees or shrubs. Leaves long petiolate; leaf blade ovate, usually hairy abaxially, basal veins 5-7, margin entire or serrulate, apex acute, sometimes 3-5-lobed. Inflorescences usually terminal, cymose paniculate. Bracts small; bracteoles present. Flowers bisexual. Sepals 5, free. Petals 5, glandular at base. Stamens many, free or in 5 bundles, borne on short androgynophore. Ovary 3-5-loculed; ovules 2-4 per locule; stigma thin, lobed or entire. Fruit a capsule, subglobose, 3-5-winged, septicidally dehiscent.[4] [more]

Colquhounia

Colquhounia is a genus of six species of evergreen or semi-evergreen shrubs or subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the eastern Himalaya and southwestern China south to Thailand and Vietnam. [more]

Commersonia

Commersonia is a genus of 14 species of small to medium-sized tree in the family Malvaceae. They are found primarily in Australia (12 spp.) with the remainder being spread across Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Islands. [more]

Corchorus

Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves petiolate; stipules filiform; leaf blade papery, basal veins usually 3, usually with linear appendages at or near base, margin serrate, serrulate, or crenate. Flowers solitary or several arranged in cymes, axillary or extra-axillary, bisexual, yellow. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5; glands absent. Stamens 15 to many, on androgynophore, free; staminodes absent. Ovary 2-5-loculed; ovules many per locule; style short; stigma peltate or disk-shaped, entire or lobed. Fruit a capsule, cylindrical or globose, sometimes angled, 2-5-valved, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds many.[5] [more]

Corynabutilon

[more]

Craigia

Craigia is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Cristaria

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Cullenia

Cullenia is a of flowering plants native to India and Sri Lanka. Earlier classification schemes place the genus in the Kapok-tree family (Bombacaceae), but the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group places it in the Malva family (Malvaceae). [more]

Decaschistia

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves stipulate, petiolate; leaf blade entire or lobed. Flowers axillary or aggregated on twig tips, shortly pedicellate. Epicalyx lobes 10. Calyx 5-lobed, connate at base, coherent with staminal column at base. Staminal column with many anthers, apically 5-lobed. Ovary 6-10-loculed; ovules 1 per locule; style branches 6-10, connate at base; stigma capitate. Capsule loculicidally and septicidally dehiscent, breaking up into separate valves. Seeds reniform.[6] [more]

Dendrosida

[more]

Desplatsia

[more]

Dialycarpa

[more]

Dicarpidium

[more]

Dicellostyles

Dicellostyles is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Dinacrusa

[more]

Diplodiscus

Diplodiscus is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Dirhamphis

[more]

Disella

[more]

Dombeya

Dombeya is a genus of approximately 200 species of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family. [more]

Duboscia

[more]

Dumreichera

[more]

Durio

The durian is the of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio and the Malvaceae family (although some taxonomists place Durio in a distinct family, Durionaceae). Widely known and revered in southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk. The fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the color of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red, depending on the species. [more]

Eleutherostylis

[more]

Entelea

Entelea arborescens or whau is a species of malvaceous tree endemic to New Zealand. E. arborescens is the only species in the genus Entelea. A shrub or small tree to 6 m with large lime-like leaves giving a tropical appearance, whau grows in low forest along the coast of the North Island and the northern tip of the South Island. The dry fruit capsules are very distinctly brown and covered with spines. The common name whau is a Maori word that appears to derive from the common Polynesian word for hibiscus, other malvaceous trees which whau superficially resembles. Alternate names include 'New Zealand mulberry', 'corkwood' and 'evergreen lime'. [more]

Erebennus

[more]

Eremalche

Genus Eremalche is a small group of flowering plants in the . They are endemic to the United States desert southwest. [more]

Erinocarpus

[more]

Eriolaena

Eriolaena is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Eriophyton

Herbs perennial, lanate. Roots thick, terete. Leaf blade rhombic to subcircular, lower stem leaves sometimes reduced, scalelike. Verticillasters 6-flowered, compact or basally widely spaced; bracteoles spinelike. Flowers sessile. Calyx broadly campanulate, ± transparent, 10-veined; teeth 5, subequal, triangular, apex acuminate. Corolla purplish to reddish, 2-lipped; tube included, without hairy annulus inside; upper lip broad, galeate, incurved, covering lower lip; lower lip subpatent, 3-lobed; middle lobe slightly larger than lateral lobes, emarginate to rounded; lateral lobes circular. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, apex dentate, ascending beneath upper lip. Posterior filaments basally thickened; anthers close together in pairs, cells 2, apex divaricate, confluent, villous. Style apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Ovary glabrous. Nutlets broadly triquetrous, oblong, large, apex rounded, smooth.[7] [more]

Eriotheca

Eriotheca is a of flowering plant in the mallow family (Malvaceae). [more]

Erioxylum

[more]

Fioria

[more]

Firmiana

Firmiana is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family. It contains 12 or more the following species, including: [more]

Franciscodendron

[more]

Fremontodendron

The flannelbush or flannel bush (Fremontodendron, syn. Fremontia) is a of two species of shrubs from the southwestern United States and northwest Mexico. They are treated within the Sterculiaceae by the most of the authors, in the tribe Fremontodendreae together with the genus Chiranthodendron, but also included in the family Malvaceae (fide APG). [more]

Fryxellia

[more]

Fuertesimalva

[more]

Fugosia

[more]

Furcaria

Croton is an extensive genus of the family Euphorbiaceae established by Carolus Linnaeus in 1737. The plants of this genus were described and introduced to Europeans by Georg Eberhard Rumphius. The common names for this genus are rushfoil and croton, but this latter also refers to Codiaeum variegatum. The genus name comes from Greek Kroton, which means ticks, because of the seeds' resemblance to ticks. The genus has 625 species. [more]

Gaya

[more]

Gayoides

[more]

Glossostemon

[more]

Glyphaea

Glyphaea is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Goethea

Goethea is a genus of plants of the family , commonly placed instead in the genus Pavonia. When recognised, about five species are placed in the genus, including G. striciflora and G. cauliflora. [more]

Gossampinus

[more]

Gossipium

[more]

Gossypioides

[more]

Gossypium

Gossypium is a genus of 39-40 species of shrubs in the family Malvaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. The cotton plants, sources of commercial cotton fabric, are included in this genus. [more]

Greevesia

[more]

Grewia

flowers in Hyderabad, India.
Grewia flavescens flowers in Hyderabad, India.
Grewia tiliaefolia flowers in Hyderabad, India.

The large flowering plant genus Grewia is today placed by most authors in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by in the APG. Formerly, it was placed in either the linden family (Tiliaceae) or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these were both not monophyletic with respect to other Malvales - as already indicated by the uncertainties surrounding placement of Grewia and similar genera - and have thus been merged into the Malvaceae. Together with the bulk of the former Sparrmanniaceae, Grewia is in the subfamily Grewioideae and therein the tribe Grewieae, of which it is the type genus. [more]

Guazuma

[more]

Guichenotia

Guichenotia is a genus of about 16 species flowering plants which are endemic to the south west of Western Australia. [more]

Gynatrix

[more]

Gyranthera

Gyranthera is a genus of tropical trees of South America and Central America, belonging to family . [more]

Hampea

Hampea is a flowering plant genus in the family Malvaceae. Species include: [more]

Hannafordia

[more]

Harmsia

[more]

Helicteres

Trees or shrubs. Branches or branchlets ± stellate. Leaves simple, entire or serrate. Flowers bisexual, solitary or cymose, axillary or rarely terminate. Epicalyx lobes minute. Calyx tube-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes usually unequal and 2-lipped. Petals 5, equal to each other or 2-lipped, clawed and usually with auriculate appendage. Anthers 10, on top of elongate androgynophore; filaments ± connate, enclosing pistil; staminodes 5, within stamens. Ovary 5-celled, 5-angular; ovules numerous in each locule; styles 5, linear, apically slightly swollen. Mature capsule straight or spirally twisted, usually densely hairy, often with soft setae which are themselves hairy. Seeds verrucose.[8] [more]

Helicteropsis

[more]

Heliocarpus

[more]

Helmiopsiella

[more]

Helmiopsis

[more]

Hemiultragossypium

[more]

Herissantia

Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, erect or decumbent, pubescent or hirsute, sometimes viscid. Leaves petiolate (sometimes subsessile) ; stipules minute, subulate, caducous; leaf blade ovate or cordate, margin dentate, without foliar nectaries. Flowers often solitary in leaf axils or on several-flowered peduncles; involucel absent. Calyx lobes lanceolate or ovate. Petals white. Filament tube antheriferous at apex, not exserted; anthers 1-thecate. Ovary 10-14-locular; styles 10-14; stigmas capitate. Fruit a schizocarp, oblate, inflated, pendulous; mericarps 10-14, pubescent or hispid, with fragile walls, dehiscent, 1-3-seeded. Seeds glabrous or minutely scabridulous. x = 7.[9] [more]

Heritiera

Heritiera is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Hermannia

[more]

Herrania

Herrania is a genus of in the Sterculiaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Hesperalcea

[more]

Hibiscadelphus

Hibiscadelphus is a genus of Malvaceae from the subfamily Malvoideae endemic to Hawaii. It was known by the Native Hawaiians as hau kuahiwi which means "mountain Hibiscus". The Latin name means "brother of Hibiscus". It is distinctive for its peculiar flowers, which do not fully open. [more]

Hibiscus

Hibiscus ( or /ha?'b?sk?s/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known as hibiscus, sorrel, and flor de Jamaica, or less widely known as rosemallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ???s??? (hib?skos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40-90) gave to Althaea officinalis. [more]

Hildegardia

Hildegardia is a genus of in the Sterculiaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Hochreutinera

[more]

Hoheria

Hoheria is a genus of six species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. All are endemic to New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands. The genus name is a Latinization of the Maori language name, Houhere. That name, as well as Lacebark and Ribbonwood, are sometimes used as common names. [more]

Horsfordia

[more]

Howittia

Howittia is a plant genus that contains just one species, Howittia trilocularis (Blue Howittia), a shrub which is native to Australia. [more]

Huberodendron

Huberodendron is a genus of in the Bombacaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Humbertianthus

[more]

Humbertiella

[more]

Hydrogaster

[more]

Hymenocalyx

[more]

Iliamna

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Jarandersonia

[more]

Julostylis

Julostylis is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Jumelleanthus

[more]

Kearnemalvastrum

[more]

Keraudrenia

Keraudrenia is a genus of flowering plants native to Australia, New Guinea and Madagascar. [more]

Ketmia

[more]

Kitaibela

[more]

Kitaibelia

Kleinhovia

Trees. Leaves ovate, entire, basally palmately 3-7-veined. Inflorescence terminal, cymose, forming a lax panicle. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic. Epicalyx lobes minute, lanceolate. Sepals 5, free. Petals 5, unequal. Stamens 15; filaments connate into staminal tube, completely adnate to ovary stipe to form androgynophore, upper part of staminal tube enlarged and urceolate, enclosing pistil; anthers in 5 groups of 3, 2-celled; staminodes reduced to small teeth alternating with anther fascicles. Ovary on top of androgynophore, 5-loculed, 5-lobed; ovules 5 in each locule; style slender; stigma 5-lobed. Capsule membranous, inflated, loculicidal. Seeds 1-2 in each locule, globose, verrucose.[10] [more]

Kokia

Kokia is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Kosteletskya

[more]

Kosteletzkya

Kosteletzkya (pronounced Kost-el-lets-kee-uh) ) is a genus of the plant family Malvaceae that includes the seashore mallow (K. virginica). It includes about 30 species found worldwide. [more]

Kostermansia

Kostermansia is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Krapovickasia

[more]

Kydia

Trees. Branchlets densely covered with minute stellate pubescence. Stipules inconspicuous, caducous; leaf blade usually lobed, palmately veined. Flowers in 20-30-flowered panicles, axillary or terminal, polygamous. Epicalyx lobes 4-6, foliaceous, connate at base, enlarged into spreading wings in fruit, persistent. Sepals 5, connate at base. Petals 5, pink or white, obcordate, clawed, connate and bearded at base, apex fimbriate. Male flowers: filament tube cylindric, 5-6-lobed to middle, each lobe with 3-5 sessile and reniform anthers; undeveloped ovary globose, sterile style enclosed. Female flowers: filament tube 5-lobed, with 5 sterile anthers. Ovary 2-3(-4) -loculed; ovules 2 per locule, usually erect; style branches 3; stigma peltate, verrucose. Schizocarp nearly globose, dehiscent into 3 mericarps. Seeds reniform, lacunose.[11] [more]

Laguna

Lagunaea

[more]

Lagunaria

Lagunaria is a monotypic genus in the family Malvaceae. It is an Australian plant endemic to Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and parts of coastal Queensland. It has been introduced to many parts of the world. The genus was named in honour of Andr?s Laguna, a Spanish botanist and a physician to Pope Julius III. [more]

Lamarkia

Lasiopetalum

Lasiopetalum (velvet bushes) is a genus in the family Malvaceae containing around 35 species of shrub, which are native to Australia. It is allied to the genera Guichenotia and Thomasia. The greatest diversity of species is in Western Australia, where 24 species are found of which 8 are endemic to the region. Species occur in lowland sclerophyll forest and heathland habitats. [more]

Lass

[more]

Lassa

[more]

Lavatera

Lavatera is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, central and eastern Asia, and Australia. A number of species previously listed in this genus have now been transferred to the related genus Malva. Lavatera species are known as tree mallows, or rather ambiguously as "rose mallows", "royal mallows" or "annual mallows". [more]

Lawrencia

[more]

Lebretonia

[more]

Lebronnecia

Lebronnecia is a monotypic genus of in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Lecanophora

[more]

Leptonychia

[more]

Leptonychiopsis

[more]

Lindelofia

Herbs perennial, erect, pubescent or villous. Basal leaves long petiolate; stem leaves alternate, entire. Cymes ebracteate. Calyx 5-parted to base; lobes lanceolate to linear-oblong, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla funnelform; tube usually longer than calyx; throat appendages elongated, curved, or oblong, rarely reduced, becoming ovate, entire at apex; lobes of limb subvertical or spreading, obtuse. Stamens inserted below throat; anthers elongated, frequently hastate at base, exserted from throat. Style filiform, exserted, thickened and persistent in fruit. Gynobase short conical. Nutlets dorsiventrally compressed, ovate, ca. 6 mm, abaxially discoid with glochids; attachment scar above middle adaxially, ovate, firmly coherent to gynobase.[12] [more]

Lopimia

[more]

Luederitzia

[more]

Luehea

[more]

Lueheopsis

[more]

Lysiosepalum

[more]

Macrocalyx

[more]

Macrostelia

[more]

Maga

[more]

Malache

[more]

Malachra

[more]

Malacothamnus

Malacothamnus (bush mallow) is a genus of malvaceous plants native to California, and related to the s of the US interior and the Phymosias of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. [more]

Malope

Malope is a genus of three species ) in the mallow botanical family (Malvaceae). Of the three species, Malope trifida is often used as an ornamental plant . [more]

Malva

Malva is a genus of about 25?30 species of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae (of which it is the type genus), one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. The genus is widespread throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Europe. The word "mallow" is derived from Old English "malwe", which was imported from Latin "malva", which originated in Ancient Greek ?a???? (malakhe) meaning "yellow" or Hebrew ???????? (mal?akh) meaning "salty". A number of species, previously considered to belong to Lavatera, have been moved to Malva. [more]

Malvacarpus

Malvalthaea

[more]

Malvastrum

Herbs perennial (sometimes annual) or subshrubs, erect. Leaves simple; stipules lanceolate or falcate; leaf blade ovate or lanceolate, entire or sometimes obscurely 3-lobed, margin crenate or dentate; foliar nectaries lacking. Flowers axillary, solitary or in cymose clusters, sometimes aggregated into terminal spikes. Epicalyx lobes 3, free, subulate or filiform to lanceolate. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed. Corolla yellow or orange, broadly campanulate; petals 5, scarcely longer than calyx. Filament tube included within corolla, glabrous or puberulent; anthers clustered at apex. Ovary 5-18-loculed; ovules 1 per locule; styles as many as carpels, slender; stigmas capitate. Fruit a schizocarp, oblate; mericarps 5-18, indehiscent, reddish brown, horseshoe-shaped with a prominent ventral notch, sometimes 2- or 3-cuspidate. Seeds solitary, reniform, glabrous.[13] [more]

Malvaviscus

Malvaviscus is a genus of shrubs in the mallow family Malvaceae, native to tropical America from Florida, Texas and Mexico south to Peru and Brazil. The flowers resemble those of the related genus Hibiscus, except that the petals are folded spirally, and open only a short way to form a tube-shaped flower, to encourage pollination by hummingbirds. Common names include Turk's Cap mallow, Wax Mallow, Sleeping Hibiscus, and Mazapan. [more]

Malvella

[more]

Malveopsis

[more]

Malvinda

[more]

Matisia

Matisia is a genus of in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Bombacaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Maxwellia

[more]

Megistostegium

Melhania

Melhania is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Meliphlea

[more]

Melochia

Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely small trees, pubescent with stellate, simple, bifurcate or glandular hairs. Leaves simple, irregularly crenate-serrate, foliar nectaries lacking. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal cyme, sometimes congested; bracts conspicuous, persistent. Flowers bisexual, distylous or homostylous. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, persistent, sometimes accrescent. Petals 5, flat, not cucullate, without appendages, base clawed, free or shortly adnate to base of staminal tube, purple, yellow, orange, or white (sometimes with a yellow throat), persistent. Stamens 5, opposite to petals; filaments united into a staminal tube; anthers 2-thecate, extrorse, thecae parallel; staminodes absent. Ovary syncarpous, 5-celled, sessile or shortly stipitate; ovules (1 or) 2 per locule; styles 5, free or basally connate; stigma slightly thickened. Capsule 5-valved, depressed globose or pyramidal and 5-winged, loculicidally or septicidally dehiscent (or both), often surrounded by persistent calyx and persistent withered corolla. Seeds 1 per cell, obovoid; cotyledons flat.[14] [more]

Meximalva

[more]

Microcos

Microcos is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae family. Species include: [more]

Modanthos

[more]

Modiola

[more]

Modiolastrum

[more]

Mollia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Monteiroa

[more]

Montezuma

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Mortoniodendron

[more]

Munchusia

[more]

Napaea

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[15] [more]

Navaea

[more]

Nayariophyton

Shrubs or trees, stellate tomentose throughout. Leaves simple; stipules deciduous; leaf blade ovate or suborbicular, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, abaxially densely stellate pubescent, palmately veined. Flowers solitary or in short 2-5-flowered panicles, axillary, bisexual. Epicalyx lobes 4-6, oblong-lanceolate, subconnate at base, spreading, pubescent, spreading and accrescent in fruit. Calyx 5-lobed, connate to middle, lobes broadly triangular, much shorter than epicalyx. Corolla large, showy; petals 5, pink or white, oblong, equal to involucellar bracts, gland-fringed. Filament tube divided into many branches, each bearing 2 anthers, glabrous. Ovary globose, 2-loculed; ovules 2 or more per locule, usually erect; style branches 2-fid apically, exserted, pubescent; stigmas rugose, capitate. Fruit enveloped by accrescent calyx, dry, indehiscent, subglobose. Seeds 1 per locule, reniform.[16] [more]

Neesia

[more]

Neobaclea

[more]

Neobrittonia

[more]

Neobuchia

[more]

Neodypsis

[more]

Neohumbertiella

[more]

Neoregnellia

[more]

Nesogordonia

Nesogordonia is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. In that clade, it belongs to the subfamily Dombeyoideae. Nesogordonia is among the oldest living genera of its subfamily, if not the most ancestral one. [more]

Nototriche

Nototriche is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Notoxylinon

[more]

Ochroma

Ochroma pyramidale, commonly known as the balsa tree (also O. lagopus), is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is a large, fast-growing tree that can grow up to 30 m (100 ft) tall. Balsa wood is a very lightweight material with many uses. Balsa trees are native from southern Brazil and Bolivia north to southern Mexico. [more]

Olbia

Ophelus

[more]

Pachira

Pachira (syn. Carolinea) is a genus of tropical trees distributed in Central and South America, Africa and India. They are classified in the subfamily Bombacoideae of the family Malvaceae. Previously the genus was assigned to Bombacaceae. Prior to that the genus was found in the (now obsolete) Sterculiaceae. Some 77 species have been identified. They form small or large trees with digitate leaves, and the fruit an oval woody one-celled capsule opening by a number of divisions and containing many seeds. [more]

Palaua

Palaua is a genus of in the Euconulidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Papuodendron

Paradombeya

Small trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, serrulate; stipule filiform, caducous. Inflorescence axillary, fascicled, sometimes umbel-like; pedicels articulate; epicalyx lobes 2 or 3, verticillate, near joint. Calyx 5-partite nearly to base; sepals valvate, glabrous. Petals yellow, broadly ovate, unequal, persistent, apex truncate. Stamens 15, in 5 groups of 3, alternating with 5 tongue-shaped staminodes; filaments connate at base into short tube; anthers ovate or elliptic. Ovary sessile, 2-5-loculed, stellate puberulent, cells easily dehiscent; ovules 2 per locule; style elongate, slightly swollen upward, usually 4-5-grooved. Fruit a capsule, nearly globose, locules easily freed from each other, stellate puberulent. Seeds 1 per cell, oblong-ovoid, dark brown.[17] [more]

Paramelhania

[more]

Pariti

[more]

Paritium

[more]

Patinoa

[more]

Pavonia

Pavonia may refer to: [more]

Peltaea

[more]

Pentace

Pentace is a genus of in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae family. [more]

Pentameris

Pentapetes

Annual herbs. Leaves alternate; leaf blade simple. Flowers axillary, solitary or paired; epicalyx lobes 3, acute, caducous. Calyx 5-lobed, divided almost to base. Petals 5, red. Stamens 15, in 5 groups of 3 alternating with staminodes, connate at base into tube; staminodes 5, nearly as long as petals; anther 2-celled, extrorse. Ovary sessile, 5-locular; ovules many per locule; style elongated. Capsule ovoid-globose, dehiscent into 5 mericarps. Seeds 8-12 per mericarp, in 2 rows, elliptic, with endosperm; cotyledons 2-divided, plicate.[18] [more]

Pentaplaris

Pentaplaris is a genus of in the Tiliaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Periptera

[more]

Perrieranthus

[more]

Perrierophytum

Philageria

[more]

Philippimalva

[more]

Philippodendrum

[more]

Phragmocarpidium

[more]

Phragmotheca

Phragmotheca is a genus of in the Bombacaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Phymosia

Phymosia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. [more]

Pityranthe

[more]

Plagianthus

[more]

Pseudabutilon

[more]

Pseudobastardia

[more]

Pseudobombax

Pseudobombax is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. Subfamily: Bombacoideae [more]

Pseudocorchorus

[more]

Pseudomalachra

[more]

Pterocymbium

[more]

Pterospermum

Pterospermum is a genus of tropical trees and shrubs belonging to the family Sterculiaceae. Some species are grown ornamentally while others are valued for their timber. [more]

Pterygota

Trees. Leaves cordate, usually entire, but lobed when very young. Inflorescence axillary, racemose or paniculate. Flowers unisexual. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed to base, lobes reflexed at apex. Petals absent. Male flowers: androgynophore cylindrical, enclosed by calyx, apex cup-shaped. Filaments clustered into 5 groups, staminodes usually present; anthers sessile. Female flowers: androgynophore very short, with 5 undeveloped staminodes. Carpels almost free; ovules many per carpel; stigma swollen, radiate. Follicle woody, subglobose, with long stipe and many seeds. Seeds with long and wide apical wing.[19] [more]

Quararibea

Quararibea is a genus of aromatic plants in the family Malvaceae. Quararibea "ishpingo" (species unknown) is added to some versions of the hallucinogenic drink ayahuasca. Quararibea turbinata goes by the common name "Swizzlestick tree." [more]

Radyera

Radyera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. [more]

Redoutea

[more]

Reevesia

Reevesia is a genus of flowering plant in the Sterculiaceae family. It contains around 25 species, including: [more]

Rhodognaphalon

Rhodognaphalon is a genus of in the Bombacaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Rhodognaphalopsis

[more]

Rhynchosida

[more]

Robinsonella

Robinsonella is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Rojasimalva

[more]

Ruizia

[more]

Rulingia

[more]

Sabdariffa

[more]

Saviniona

Lavatera is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, central and eastern Asia, and Australia. A number of species previously listed in this genus have now been transferred to the related genus Malva. Lavatera species are known as tree mallows, or rather ambiguously as rose mallows, royal mallows or annual mallows. [more]

Scaphium

Scaphium is a genus of 6 species of plants in family Sterculiaceae, including [more]

Scaphopetalum

Scaphopetalum is a genus of in family Sterculiaceae. [more]

Schoutenia

Schoutenia is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Tiliaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. [more]

Scleronema

Scleronema is a of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes three species, S. angustirostre, S. minutum, and S. operculatum. S. angustirostre originates from Uruguay and grows to about 4.8 centimetres (1.9 in) SL. S. minutum and S. operculatum both originate from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; S. minutum 4.0 cm (1.6 in) SL and S. operculatum 8.0 cm (3.1 in). Scleronema is not included under any of the trichomycterid subfamilies. [more]

Selenothamnus

Lawrencia is a plant genus in the family Malvaceae. The genus is endemic to Australia. [more]

Senra

Septotheca

[more]

Seringia

[more]

Shantzia

[more]

Sicrea

[more]

Sida

Sida can refer to: [more]

Sidalcea

Sidalcea is a genus of the botanical family Malvaceae. It contains several species of flower known generally as checkerblooms or checkermallows. [more]

Sidanoda

[more]

Sidasodes

[more]

Sidastrum

[more]

Sphaeralcea

The globemallows (or globe mallows) are members of the Sphaeralcea in the mallow family (Malvaceae). There are about 40-60 species, including annuals, perennials, and shrubs. Most originate in the drier regions of North America, with some known from South America. Another often-used common name is falsemallows. [more]

Sphaeroma

[more]

Spirotheca

[more]

Stegia

Lavatera is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, central and eastern Asia, and Australia. A number of species previously listed in this genus have now been transferred to the related genus Malva. Lavatera species are known as tree mallows, or rather ambiguously as rose mallows, royal mallows or annual mallows. [more]

Sterculia

Sterculia is a genus colloquially termed the tropical chestnuts. [more]

Sturtia

[more]

Symphyochlamys

Symphyochlamys is a monotypic genus of in family Malvaceae. [more]

Tahitia

Tahitia is a genus of in family Tiliaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Talipariti

[more]

Tarasa

[more]

Tarrietia

Tarrietia is a genus of in family Sterculiaceae. [more]

Tetralix

[more]

Tetrasida

[more]

Theobroma

Theobroma is a genus of about 20 species in the family Sterculiaceae or sometimes classified as Malvaceae. They are small understory trees native to the tropical forests of Central and South America. The scientific name translates to "food of the gods". [more]

Thespesia

Thespesia is a genus of 18 shrubs and trees classified in the flowering plant family Malvaceae and thus related to Hibiscus, although within the family they are more closely related to cotton plant (Gossypium). The genus is distributed from the South Pacific through Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. [more]

Thespesiopsis

Thespesiopsis is a genus of in family Malvaceae. [more]

Thomasia

Thomasia is a genus of plants which are native to southern Australia. All but one species is restricted to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia; the other occurs in South Australia and Victoria. [more]

Thurberia

Tilia

Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. They are generally called lime in Britain and linden or basswood in North America. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, and the genus also occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but not western North America. Under the Cronquist classification system, this genus was placed in the family Tiliaceae, but genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) has resulted in the incorporation of this family into the Malvaceae. [more]

Trichospermum

[more]

Trichostephania

[more]

Triguera

Trionum

[more]

Triplochiton

[more]

Triplochlamys

[more]

Triumfetta

Herbs, rarely subshrubs, annual or perennial, erect or procumbent, hairs with swollen base, stellate or with 1 ray and apparently simple. Leaves alternate, simple or palmately 3-5-lobed, palmately veined, margin serrate. Flowers solitary or arranged in small cymes or fascicles, axillary, opposite to leaves, bisexual; peduncle very short. Sepals 5, free, valvate, usually with hooked appendages at tip. Petals as many as sepals, free, thickened glands on base of adaxial surface. Stamens 5 to numerous; filaments free; anthers dorsifixed, subglobose, dehiscence longitudinal, borne on androgynophore; androgynophore fleshy, segmented, short, with 5 glands opposite to petals. Ovary 2-5-loculed; ovules 2 per locule; style simple; stigma 2-5-lobed. Fruit a capsule nearly globose, 3-6-valved, spiny or strigose, loculicidally dehiscent or indehiscent, spine tips pointed, straight or hooked. Seeds with endosperm; cotyledons fleshy, epigeous.[20] [more]

Trochetia

Trochetia is a genus of flowering plants from the family Malvaceae (formerly in the Sterculiaceae, but this family is now usually subsumed in the Malvaceae). They are endemic to the Mascarene Islands. [more]

Uladendron

Ulbrichia

[more]

Ungeria

[more]

Urena

Urena is a genus of plants which grow in vraious tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. Some view the plant as a weed, but others make use of its fiber for various purposes. [more]

Urocarpidium

[more]

Vasivaea

[more]

Vincetoxicum

Vincetoxicum is a genus of plant in family Apocynaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Waltheria

Herbs or subshrubs, rarely woody, stellate puberulent. Stipules lanceolate; leaves simple, margin serrate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, cymose, often congested. Flowers small, bisexual. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, spatulate, persistent. Stamens 5, connate at base, opposite to petals; anthers 2-thecate, thecae parallel. Ovary sessile, 1-celled; ovules 2; style clavate or fimbriate at apex. Capsule 2-valved. Seed 1, with copious endosperm; cotyledons flat.[21] [more]

Wercklea

Wercklea is a genus of in family Malvaceae. [more]

Wilhelminia

[more]

Wissadula

Wissadula is a genus of plant in family Malvaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Wn

[more]

At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Genus wn.

More info about the Genus wn may be found here.

References

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  1. ^ Judd & al.
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
  3. ^ a b Douglas Harper. "mallow". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mallow&allowed_in_frame=0. Retrieved February 3, 2012. 
  4. ^ Khalid. "Molokheya: an Egyptian National Dish". THe Baheyeldin Dynasty. http://baheyeldin.com/egypt/molokheya-an-egyptian-national-dish.html. Retrieved September 10, 2011. 

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. "Alcea". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 267. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. "Berrya". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 261. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. "Cenocentrum". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 264, 295. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. "Colona". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 250. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. "Corchorus". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 249. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. "Decaschistia". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 264, 286, 294. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. "Eriophyton". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 169. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. "Helicteres". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 302, 318. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. "Herissantia". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 279. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. "Kleinhovia". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 302, 320. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. "Kydia". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 264, 265, 279,280. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. "Lindelofia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 424. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Malvastrum". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 269. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. "Melochia". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 302, 320. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  15. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Napaea&search=Search
  16. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Nayariophyton". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 280. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  17. "Paradombeya". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 303, 330. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  18. "Pentapetes". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 303, 326. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  19. "Pterygota". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 302, 303. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  20. "Triumfetta". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 258,260, 281. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  21. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Waltheria". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 302, 321. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 13:35:42