font settings

Font Size: Large | Normal | Small
Font Face: Verdana | Geneva | Georgia

Maleae

(Tribe)

Overview

[ Back to top ]
A Tribe in the Kingdom Plantae.

Photos

[ Back to top ]

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

The Tribe Maleae is a member of the Subfamily Betuloideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Maleae:

The Tribe Maleae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

[ Back to top ]

Acer

[more]

Agastache

Herbs tall perennials. Leaves petiolate, margin dentate. Verticillasters many flowered, in terminal spikes. Calyx tubular-obconical, straight, 15-veined, not hairy annulate inside, throat oblique. Corolla tube straight, gradually dilated to throat, as long as to slightly longer than calyx, not hairy annulate inside, 2-lipped; upper lip straight, 2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe widest, spreading, base not clawed, margin undulate, lateral lobes straight. Stamens 4, fertile, much exserted, posterior 2 longer and inclined forward, anterior 2 erect-ascending; anther cells 2, initially almost parallel, later ± divergent. Style subequally 2-cleft. Nutlets smooth, apex hairy.[1] [more]

Aletes

[more]

Allium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulbs, with onion odor and taste. Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular reticulation (generally important in identification) ; inner coats membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1-12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum, A. praecox, A. tuberosum, A. rotundum, A. neapolitanum, A. triquetrum, A. unifolium, and A. lacunosum), straight or ± falcate (coiled or circinate in A. nevadense and A. atrorubens), broader in A. victorialis and A. tricoccum, not petiolate (except in A. tricoccum and A. victorialis) . Scape usually persistent, terete or flattened. Inflorescences umbellate, flowering centripetally (centrifugally in A. schoenoprasum), sometimes replaced totally or partially by bulbils, subtended by spathe bracts; bracts conspicuous, ± fused, usually 3+-veined, equaling pedicel except in some introduced species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum) ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments in all but 1 native species broad at base, fused into ring (some introduced species and A. victorialis appendaged), linear, generally glabrous (A. rotundum and A. hoffmanii papillose to ciliate proximally) ; anthers and pollen variously colored; ovary superior, 3-lobed, sometimes crested with processes, 3-locular, usually 2 ovules per locule (6-8 in A. nigrum), crest processes 3 or 6, smooth except in A. haematochiton, A. sharsmithiae, and A. lacunosum; style 1; stigma capitate to ± 3-lobed; pedicel erect or spreading (lax in A. triquetrum) . Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, obovoid, finely cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1-8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9.[2] [more]

Alnus

Trees or shrubs, to 35 m; trunks usually several, branching excurrent to deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches light gray to dark brown, thin, smooth, close; lenticels often present, pale, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white, turning reddish upon exposure to air, moderately light and soft, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked to diffuse; young twigs uniform or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds stipitate (nearly sessile in Alnus subg. Alnobetula ), narrowly to broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, terete, apex acute to rounded; scales 2--3, valvate, or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) several, imbricate, smooth, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) sometimes none. Leaves borne on long or short shoots, 3-ranked to nearly 2-ranked. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, thin to leathery, base variable, cuneate to rounded, margins doubly serrate, serrate, serrulate, or nearly entire, apex variable, acute to obtuse or acuminate to rounded; surfaces glabrous to tomentose, abaxially sometimes resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral, in racemose clusters or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) solitary, formed ( Alnus subg. Alnus and Clethropsis ) during previous growing season and exposed or enclosed in buds during winter, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) formed and expanding during same growing season, expanding before or with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate catkins, solitary or in relatively small racemose clusters, erect to nearly pendulous, ovoid to ellipsoid, firm; scales and flowers crowded, developing and maturing at same time as staminate catkins. Staminate flowers in catkins, 3 per scale; stamens (3--) 4(--6) ; anthers and filaments undivided. Pistillate flowers usually 2 per scale. Infructescences erect or pendulous; scales persistent long after release of fruits, with 5 lobes, greatly thickened, woody. Fruits tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, leathery or membranaceous, reduced or essentially absent in some species. x = 7.[3] [more]

Amelanchier

Shrubs or trees, deciduous; buds conspicuous, narrowly conical, with several scales. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate, venation camptodromous, margin entire or serrate. Racemes terminal; bracts caducous. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5, margin entire. Petals 5, white, oblong or lanceolate, slender. Stamens 10-20. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule, separated by a false partition from back of locule; styles 2-5, partly connate or free. Fruit a small berrylike pome, bluish black to dark purple, usually juicy and sweet, incompletely 4-10-loculed, with one seed in each locule, crowned by persistent, usually recurved sepals.[4] [more]

Androstephium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves several, basal; blade linear, channeled. Scape solitary, cylindrical. Inflorescences umbellate, terminal, bracteate; bracts 3, lanceolate. Flowers: perianth 6-tepaled, distinctly connate proximally into tube, tube funnelform, slightly less to ca. 1/2 overall length of tepals; tepals similar; stamens 6, epitepalous; filaments erect, dilated their entire length, conate into a nectariferous tube with erect, 2-fid apical filament appendages forming a crown between anthers; anthers basifixed, introrse; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular, ovules several; style persistent, long, slender; stigma small, 3-lobed; pedicel not articulate, ± stout. Fruits capsular, 3-angled, subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, flat, coat with crust.[5] [more]

Anemopsis

Stems simple, nodes 1(-2). Leaves mostly basal. Inflorescences terminal, spikes, compact, conic, subtended by petaloid bracts. Flowers 75-150, coalescent; stamens epigynous, 6(-8) ; pistil 1, 3(-4) -carpellate; placentae 3(-4), parietal; ovules 6-10 per placenta; styles and stigmas 3(-4), distinct. Fruits capsules, dehiscent. Seeds 18-40. x = 11.[6] [more]

Anthemis

Annuals (biennials) [perennials, subshrubs], mostly 5-90 cm (often aromatic). Stems 1-5+, erect to decumbent, usually branched, strigillose or strigoso-sericeous to villous (hairs medifixed), glabrescent [glabrous or sericeous to lanate]. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades ± obovate to spatulate, 1-3-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins dentate to lobed, faces glabrous or strigillose to villous [glabrous or sericeous to lanate]. Heads radiate [discoid], borne singly or in lax, corymbiform arrays (peduncles sometimes clavate and/or curved in fruit). Involucres obconic to hemispheric or broader, 5-13[-20] mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, mostly 21-35+ in 3-5 series, distinct, deltate to lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, unequal, margins and apices (hyaline and colorless or brownish [black]) scarious. Receptacles hemispheric to narrowly conic, paleate (wholly or only distally) ; paleae ± flat, scarious to indurate (subulate or elliptic to obovate with mucronate to acuminate-spinose tips). Ray florets [0 or 2-]5-20[-30+], pistillate and fertile or styliferous and sterile; corollas usually white, rarely yellow or pink, laminae mostly oblong (tubes sometimes hairy). Disc florets (60-) 100-300+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow, rarely pink, tubes ± cylindric (usually proximally dilated, ± spongy in fruit, sometimes hairy, not saccate), throats funnelform, lobes 5, ± triangular (abaxially minutely crested). Cypselae obovoid to obconic or turbinate (circular or 4-angled in cross section), ribs usually 9-10 (0) and smooth or tuberculate, faces glabrous (pericarps with myxogenic cells) ; pappi 0 or coroniform. x = 9.[7] [more]

Areca

Solitary or small clump-forming palms, stem annulate, slender, smooth, unarmed, 0.5-25 cm in diameter. Leaves pinnate, pinnae mostly narrow, often with 2 or more principal ribs, long acuminate, rather short stiff. Base of leaf stalk usually forming a prominent shining swollen crown shaft. Leaflets thin, often confluent. Inflorescence much branched, borne at the base of the crown shaft. Female flowers in triads at the base of the rachillae, male flowers small, variously arranged on the upper part of rachillae; sepals small; petals much large, obliquely lanceolate, valvate; stamens 3-6 (-12-24) or more; anthers basifixed, erect; female flowers on the base of the rachillae larger than the male, sepals and petals imbricate, petals acute; ovary one-chambered, stigmas 3, very short; ovule one, basal, erect. Fruit ovoid or oblong, exocarp fleshy, fibrous. Seeds with truncate base, embryo basilar.[8] [more]

Armeria

Plants herbs, perennial, scapose, acaulescent; taprooted, rootstocks branched, woody. Leaves in basal rosettes, sessile; blade linear to linear-spatulate [lanceolate], narrowed or straight to base, margins entire. Scapes glabrous or densely pubescent, sometimes rugose, enclosed by tubular leafless sheath at apex. Inflorescences solitary, apical, dense hemispheric heads of scorpioid cymes, each surrounded by involucre of scarious bracts. Pedicels absent or present (short). Flowers monomorphic or dimorphic (in pollen and stigma characteristics) ; calyx 10-ribbed, funnel-shaped; tube usually pubescent on ribs only or all around, rarely glabrous, limbs membranaceous, awned or not; petals slightly connate basally, white to deep purple; filaments adnate to base of corolla; anthers included; styles 5, free, hairy proximally; stigmas linear, papillate or smooth. Fruits dry, enclosed in persistent calyces, dehiscing transversely. x = 9.[9] [more]

Aronia

The chokeberries (Aronia) are two species of shrubs in the family Rosaceae, native to eastern North America. They are most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.[citation needed] The leaves are alternate, simple, and oblanceolate with crenate margins and pinnate venation; in autumn the leaves turn a bold red color. Dark trichomes are present on the upper midrib surface. The flowers are small, with 5 petals and 5 sepals, and produced in corymbs of 10-25 together. Hypanthium is urn-shaped. The fruit is a small pome, with a very astringent, bitter flavor; it is eaten by birds (birds do not taste astringency and feed on them readily), which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. The name "chokeberry" comes from the astringency of the fruits which are inedible when raw. [more]

Asystasia

The Asystasia belongs to the family Acanthaceae and comprises approximately 70 species found in the tropics, including the weedy species Asystasia gangetica. [more]

Balsamorhiza

Perennials, 10-45(-100) cm (taproots slender or massive, thick- or thin-barked; caudices unbranched or multibranched). Stems erect, branched mostly from bases. Leaves mostly basal; opposite or alternate; petiolate (bases persisting as fibrils) ; blades (mostly pinnately nerved, sometimes 3- or 5-nerved) either rounded-deltate to triangular-deltate with bases sagittate or cordate to truncate and margins entire or crenate (B. subg. Artorhiza), or blades mostly elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate to lance-ovate or oblong and often 1-2-pinnatifid or -pinnately lobed with bases mostly truncate to cuneate and (if not lobed) margins usually crenate, dentate, or serrate, seldom entire (B. subg. Balsamorhiza), faces usually hirsute, hispid, pilose, puberulent, scabrous, sericeous, strigose, tomentose, or velutinous and gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, seldom glabrous. Heads radiate, usually borne singly, rarely (2-3+) in ± corymbiform to racemiform arrays (peduncles ± scapiform, usually bearing 2+ leaves or bracts proximally or at mid length). Involucres mostly campanulate or turbinate to hemispheric, 11-30+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 8-20+ in 2-3+ series (subequal to unequal, outer equaling or surpassing inner). Receptacles flat to convex, paleate (paleae persistent, conduplicate, at least at bases, chartaceous). Ray florets 5-21+, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, rarely becoming brick red (B. rosea). Disc florets (15-) 50-150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orange, tubes much shorter than cylindric throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (style branches stigmatic in 2 barely distinct lines, appendages filiform). Cypselae obscurely prismatic, weakly 3-4-angled (faces usually glabrous, strigose in some B. careyana and in B. rosea) ; pappi 0. x = 19.[10] [more]

Begonia

Perennial succulent herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stem erect, frequently rhizomatous, or plants tuberous and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed, rarely lianoid or climbing with adventitious roots, or stoloniferous. Leaves simple, rarely palmately compound, alternate or all basal; blade often oblique and asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margin often irregularly serrate and divided, occasionally entire, venation usually palmate; petiole long, weak; stipules membranous, usually deciduous. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, (1 or) 2-4 to several, rarely numerous, in dichotomous cymes, sometimes in panicle, with pedicels and bracts. Staminate flower: tepals 2 or 4 and decussate, usually outer ones larger, inner ones smaller; stamens usually numerous; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-celled, apical or lateral; connectives extended at apex, sometimes apiculate. Pistillate flower: tepals 2-5(-10) ; pistil composed of 2-5(-7) carpels; ovary inferior, 1-3(-7) -loculed; placentae axile or parietal; styles 2 or 3(or more), free or fused at base, forked once or more; stigma turgid, spirally twisted-tortuous or U-shaped, capitate or reniform, setose-papillose. Capsule dry, sometimes berrylike, unequally or subequally 3-winged, rarely wingless and 3- or 4-horned; seeds very numerous, pale brown, oblong, minute, testa reticulate.[11] [more]

Bellevalia

Bellevalia is a genus of plants in the . [more]

Berberis

Shrubs or subshrubs, evergreen or deciduous, 0.1-4.5(-8) m, glabrous or with tomentose stems. Rhizomes present or absent, short or long, not nodose. Stems branched or unbranched, monomorphic or dimorphic, i.e., all elongate or with elongate primary stems and short axillary spur shoots. Leaves alternate, sometimes leaves of elongate shoots reduced to spines and foliage leaves borne only on short shoots; foliage leaves simple or 1-odd-pinnately compound; petioles usually present. Simple leaves: blade narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 1.2-7.5 cm. Compound leaves: rachis, when present, with or without swollen articulations; leaflet blades lanceolate to orbiculate, margins entire, toothed, spinose, or spinose-lobed; venation pinnate or leaflets 3-6-veined from base. Inflorescences terminal, usually racemes, rarely umbels or flowers solitary. Flowers 3-merous, 3-8 mm; bracteoles caducous, 3, scalelike; sepals falling immediately after anthesis, 6, yellow; petals 6, yellow, nectariferous; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by valves; pollen exine punctate; ovary symmetrically club-shaped; placentation subbasal; style central. Fruits berries, spheric to cylindric-ovoid or ellipsoid, usually juicy, sometimes dry, at maturity. Seeds 1-10, tan to red-brown or black; aril absent. x = 14.[12] [more]

Bergenia

Herbs perennial, forming large clumps. Rhizomes creeping, large, thick, scaly. Leaves all basal, ± persistent, simple, waxy, often leathery; petiole short, broad, sheathing at base; leaf blade thick, margin entire, crenate, or dentate. Infloresences cymose, bracteate. Flowers showy, large. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, pink, red, or purple. Stamens 10. Carpels 2, basally connate; ovary 1/4 subsuperior, proximally 2-loculed with axile placentation and distally 1-loculed with marginal placentation; styles 2; ovules many. Fruit a capsule. Seeds numerous, dark brown, small.[13] [more]

Blepharis

Blepharis is a genus of in family Acanthaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Buddleja

Shrubs, less often trees, lianas, or suffrutescent herbs. Branches terete, 4-angled, or 4-winged. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate; stipules usually leafy, suborbicular and auriculate or reduced to a transverse line; petiole often short; leaf blade margin entire, crenate, or dentate. Inflorescences terminal and/or axillary, usually many-flowered; bracts mostly leafy; bracteoles resembling sepals. Flowers 4-merous, bisexual or unisexual. Calyx campanulate or subcampanulate, less often cup-shaped or obconical, tube usually longer than lobes. Corolla campanulate, cup-shaped, salverform, or funnel-shaped; tube cylindrical, straight to curved, usually longer than lobes; lobes imbricate, rarely valvate. Stamens inserted on corolla tube, usually included, alternating with corolla lobes; filaments shorter to longer than anthers; anthers introrse, 2-locular, base usually deeply cordate. Ovary 2(--4) -locular, with several to many ovules per locule. Style short to long; stigma often large, clavate, capitate, or less often 2-lobed. Fruit a septicidally 2-valved capsule or in China only Buddleja madagascariensis a berry, many-seeded. Seeds small, often winged; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight.[14] [more]

Callicarpa

Shrubs or trees, erect or rarely climbing; hairs stellate, verticillately branched, dendritic, mealy tomentose, or rarely simple and hooked. Branchlets terete or 4-angled. Leaves opposite or in 3s. Cymes axillary, sessile or pedunculate; bracts linear. Calyx campanulate, truncate or minutely 4-dentate, unaltered in fruit. Corolla actinomorphic, campanulate or tubular, lobes 4. Stamens 4, inserted on corolla tube; filaments slender, often exserted; anthers ovate or oblong, dehiscing by longitudinal slits or circular pores. Ovary imperfectly 2-locular; ovules 2 per locule, attached to middle or distal part of ovary. Style usually longer than stamens; stigma usually dilated. Fruit a small globose drupe, endocarp bony, mesocarp fleshy, exocarp thin. Seeds small, oblong; seed coat membranous; cotyledons fleshy.[15] [more]

Callirhoe

This wild flower is monocot and angiosperm. Callirhoe, the poppy mallows, is a of nine species in the mallow family (Malvaceae), native to the prairies and grasslands of North America. Of the nine species, some are annual and some perennial plants. [more]

Calochortus

Herbs, perennial, sometimes from bulbs; bulb coat membranous or fibrous-reticulate. Stems scapelike or leafy, simple or branched, glabrous, often glaucous; bulblets sometimes borne in leaf axils. Leaves sessile; basal persistent or withering by flowering, solitary, blade base sometimes attenuate and petiolelike; cauline 0-several, sometimes proximalmost appearing as basal, reduced. Inflorescences monochasiate or ± umbellate, 1-many-flowered, bracteate. Flowers: perianth globose to broadly campanulate; sepals 3, distinct, ovate to lanceolate, usually petaloid and glabrous; petals 3, distinct, usually longer and broader than sepals, sometimes clawed, usually hairy adaxially, bearing adaxial gland near base, often spotted to ± patterned; filaments widened at base; anthers usually basifixed or pseudobasifixed, linear to oblong; ovary superior; style absent; stigmas 3. Fruits capsular, 3-locular, 3-angled or -winged, linear, oblong, or globular, dehiscence septicidal. Seeds many, in 2 rows per locule, irregular or flat, coat usually hexagonally reticulate.[16] [more]

Calylophus

[more]

Calystegia

Herbs prostrate or erect to twining to several meters tall, rhizomatous [or woody at base]. Leaves subsessile to petiolate, oblong to hastate or sagittate [or rarely pedate]. Inflorescences axillary, 1-flowered [or few-flowered] cymes; bracteoles 2, sepal-like, inserted immediately below calyx, ovate and sometimes saccate, enclosing calyx [or remote from calyx and subulate or leaf-shaped], persistent. Sepals subequal, persistent. Corolla white, pink [or pale yellow], funnelform, with 5 distinct midpetaline bands, glabrous. Stamens included, equal. Pollen globose, pantoporate, not spiny. Ovary 1-loculed, 4-ovuled. Style 1, included in corolla; stigmas 2, clavate. Capsule globose, glabrous, indehiscent. Seeds 4, smooth or minutely tuberculate.[17] [more]

Calytrix

Calytrix is a of shrubs in the family Myrtaceae. They are commonly known as Starflowers. [more]

Campanula

Plants perennial or annual, erect trailing or decumbent, glabrous, pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves simple, alternate or forming rosettes at the base. Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped or tubular. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid, obovoid or round, with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous.[18] [more]

Camphorosma

Herbs or subshrubs. Stem erect, densely tomentose; branches ascending. Leaves alternate, solitary, or fascicular on dwarf branches, sessile, linear, semiterete. Inflorescence spicate, without bractlets. Flowers bisexual. Perianth 4-lobed, herbaceous; segments equal, or lateral 2 longer than others, oblong, remaining unchanged in fruit. Stamens 4; filaments exserted, filiform; anthers oblong. Ovary ovoid; ovule sessile; style long; stigmas 2, filiform. Utricle compressed; pericarp membranous, free from seed. Seed vertical; testa leathery; embryo horseshoe-shaped; radicle inferior.[19] [more]

Carex

Herbs, perennial, cespitose or not, rhizomatous, rarely stoloniferous. Culms usually trigonous, sometimes round. Leaves basal and cauline, sometimes all basal; ligules present; blades flat, V-shaped, or M-shaped in cross section, rarely filiform, involute, or rounded, commonly less than 20 mm wide, if flat then with distinct midvein. Inflorescences terminal, consisting of spikelets borne in spikes arranged in spikes, racemes, or panicles; bracts subtending spikes leaflike or scalelike; bracts subtending spikelets scalelike, very rarely leaflike. Spikelets 1-flowered; scales 0-1. Flowers unisexual; staminate flowers without scales; pistillate flowers with 1 scale with fused margins (perigynium) enclosing flower, open only at apex; perianth absent; stamens 1-3; styles deciduous or variously persistent, linear, 2-3(-4) -fid. Achenes biconvex, plano-convex, or trigonous, rarely 4-angled. x = 10.[20] [more]

Carmichaelia

New Zealand Broom or Carmichaelia is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to , the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand. The exception, Carmichaelia exsul, is native to Lord Howe Island and must have dispersed from New Zealand. [more]

Carya

Trees, rarely shrubs, 3-52 m. Bark gray or brownish, smooth with fissures in younger trees, becoming ridged and sometimes deeply furrowed or exfoliating with small platelike scales or long strips or broad plates. Twigs greenish, orangish, reddish, or rusty brown, or bronze, terete, slender or stout, pubescent and scaly or glabrous; leaf scars shield-shaped or 3-lobed, large; pith solid and homogeneous. Bud scales valvate or imbricate, glabrous or variously pubescent; axillary buds protected by pair of valvate bracteoles (i.e., prophylls) or bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves odd-pinnate; petiole pubescent and/or scaly or glabrous. Leaflets 3-17(-21), petiolulate, distal leaflets largest, 2-26 × 1-14 cm; surfaces abaxially with nonglandular hairs (unicellular common to all species, fasciculate with 2-8 rays in 1 rank, multiradiate with 8-17 rays in 2 ranks) and glandular scales (capitate-glandular and large peltate scales common to all species; small peltate scales round, irregular, or 2- or 4-lobed), adaxially with scattered hairs and scattered to abundant scales in spring or concentrated along midrib and secondary veins to essentially glabrous in the fall. Staminate catkins in fascicles of 3 (except sect. Rhamphocarya of se Asia) from 1st-, sometimes 2d-year twigs, sessile or pedunculate; stamens 3-10(-15) per flower, with or without hairs. Pistillate flowers in terminal few-flowered spikes. Fruits nuts enclosed in husks, compressed or not compressed, husks completely or partially dehiscing, sutures smooth or winged; nuts brown, reddish brown, or tan, sometimes mottled with black or tan, compressed or not compressed, angled or not angled, smooth, rugulose, or verrucose; shells thin or thick. Seeds sweet or bitter. x = 16.[21] [more]

Ceropegia

Herbs perennial, erect or twining, sap clear or cloudy, rarely milky. Rootstock often a cluster of fusiform roots or a subglobose tuber, sometimes a rhizome [or with fibrous roots only]. Stems herbaceous [to very succulent]. Inflorescences extra-axillary [rarely terminal], mostly umbel-like, less often racemelike and sometimes branched. Flowers usually large. Calyx deeply 5-parted; basal glands many, small. Corolla tubular, base swollen, often asymmetrically, upper part often funnelform; lobes usually slender and coherent at apex. Corona double, outer lobes 5, joined to form a cup, entire to deeply 2-lobed so that outer corona is 10-toothed; inner lobes 5, subulate to narrowly spatulate, basally incumbent on anthers, apical part usually long, erect. Filaments connate into a very short tube; anthers without apical appendages; pollinia 2 per pollinarium, erect, inner angle with a prominent translucent margin. Stigma head convex or impressed. Follicles linear, fusiform, or cylindric.[22] [more]

Chaenomeles

Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous or evergreen, sometimes with thorny branches; buds small, with 2 exposed scales. Leaves simple, alternate, shortly petiolate, stipulate, herbaceous, venation camptodromous, margin serrate or crenate. Flowers solitary or fascicled, precocious or coetaneous. Sepals 5, caducous, margin entire or serrate. Petals 5. Stamens 20 or more, 2-whorled. Ovary 5-loculed, with many ovules per locule, 2-seriate; styles 2-5, connate at base. Fruit a pome, large, many seeded, often with persistent incurved styles; seed brown, seed coat leathery, albumen absent.[23] [more]

Chaenorhinum

[more]

Chamaecyparis

Trees (rarely shrubs). Branchlets terete or rhombic in cross section, in fan-shaped or pinnately flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks. Adult leaves usually appressed, lateral and facial pairs similar, closely overlapping, scalelike, free portion of long-shoot leaves to ca. 7 mm; abaxial glands present or absent, circular to linear. Pollen cones with 2--3 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--4 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing and opening in 1--2 years, nearly globose, glaucous, 4--12 mm; scales persistent, 2--5(--6) pairs, valvate, peltate or basifixed, thick and woody, terminal pair often fused. Seeds 1--4 per cone scale, lenticular, equally 2-winged; cotyledons 2--3. x = 11.[24] [more]

Chamaedorea

Plants small, usually low-growing, unarmed. Stems clustered [solitary], erect [creeping, lianoid], slender, unarmed. Leaves: sheaths tubular, unarmed, forming crownshaft; blade pinnate [undivided], with leaf segments regularly spaced along unarmed rachis, in 1 plane [many planes]; plication reduplicate; segments linear-lanceolate, apical pair of segments sometimes wider than others. Inflorescences axillary below crown of leaves, ascending, with 1 order of branching [spicate or 2 orders]; prophyll small; peduncular bracts 5--6, tubular, papery; rachillae green at anthesis, turning orange in fruit. Flowers unisexual, sessile, staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants. Staminate flowers borne singly, partially sunken into fleshy rachillae; sepals 3, briefly connate at base [distinct]; petals 3, ovate, basally briefly connate [connate by tips]; stamens 6, distinct; anthers dorsifixed; pistillode minute. Pistillate flowers borne singly, slightly sunken into fleshy rachillae; sepals 3, free; petals 3, free, ovate; staminodes 6, minute; pistil 1, 3-loculate; ovules 1 per locule; style indistinct; stigmas minute. Fruits drupes, globose; stigmatic scar basal, exocarp black, smooth; mesocarp thin; endocarp bony. Seeds globose; endosperm homogeneous; embryo subapical; eophyll 2-cleft [pinnate], segments linear. nx = 13.[25] [more]

Cheilanthes

Plants usually on rock. Stems compact to long-creeping, ascending to horizontal, usually branched; scales brown to black or often bicolored with dark central stripe and lighter margins, linear-subulate to ovate-lanceolate, margins entire or denticulate. Leaves monomorphic, clustered to widely scattered, 4--60 cm. Petiole brown to black or straw-colored, rounded, flattened, or with single longitudinal groove adaxially, pubescent, scaly, or glabrous, with a single vascular bundle. Blade linear-oblong to lanceolate, ovate, or elongate-pentagonal, pinnate-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate at base, leathery or rarely somewhat herbaceous, abaxially pubescent and/or scaly, rarely glabrous, adaxially pubescent to glabrous, dull, not striate; rachis straight. Ultimate segments of blade stalked or sessile, usually free from costae, round to elongate or spatulate, usually less than 4 mm wide, base rounded, truncate, or cuneate; stalks (when present) often lustrous and dark colored; segment margins usually recurved to form confluent, poorly defined false indusia, extending entire length of segment or discontinuous on apical or lateral lobes. Veins of ultimate segments free or rarely anastomosing, pinnately branched and divergent distally. False indusia greenish to whitish, usually narrow, clearly marginal or rarely inframarginal, often concealing sporangia. Sporangia confined to submarginal vein tips or scattered along veins near segment margins, containing 64 or 32 spores, not intermixed with farina-producing glands. Spores brown to black or gray, rarely yellowish, tetrahedral-globose, rugose or cristate, lacking prominent equatorial ridge. Gametophytes glabrous. x = 30 (29 in Cheilanthes alabamensis complex).[26] [more]

Chimonobambusa

Shrubby bamboos, rarely subarborescent. Rhizomes leptomorph, with running underground stems. Culms usually diffuse, sometimes tillering (pluricaespitose), erect; internodes terete or 4-angled, often basally grooved above branches; nodes prominent to very prominent, basal nodes often with a ring of sparse or dense root thorns; sheath scars usually with a ring of pubescence or persistent base of culm sheath. Branches 3(-7 on upper culm), subequal, buds ovate-triangular, open at front, prophyll reduced. Culm sheaths deciduous and leathery, or sometimes persistent and papery; auricles minute or absent; blade reduced, to 1 cm, narrow. Leaves (1 or) 2-5 per ultimate branch; blade lanceolate, base cuneate. Inflorescence fully bracteate, weakly iterauctant, 1-3 single pseudospikelet racemes loosely fasciculate, subtended by gradually enlarged bracts. Spikelets several to many flowered, sessile. Rachilla disarticulating. Glumes usually 1-3, frequently one subtending a bud; lemma papery or membranous; palea membranous, 2-keeled, obtuse; lodicules 3, membranous. Stamens 3; filaments free. Ovary ellipsoid; style 1, short; stigmas 2 or 3, plumose. Fruit a nutlike caryopsis with a hardened pericarp. New shoots Apr-Nov.[27] [more]

Chrysanthemoides

Shrubs or trees (evergreen), 50-300+ cm. Stems erect, glabrous or ± tomentose [spiny]. Leaves ± petiolate; blades ovate or elliptic to orbiculate, obovate, or oblanceolate, margins usually denticulate, sometimes entire, faces usually ± arachnose and glabrate, sometimes woolly or glabrous. Heads borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays. Involucres ± hemispheric or broader, 9-12+ mm diam. Phyllaries 12-24+ in 2-3 series, deltate or lanceolate to ovate, oblong, or linear. Receptacles flat to convex. Ray florets 5-13 in 1 series; corollas yellow, laminae ± ovate to elliptic or linear. Disc florets 30-80+, functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes (± pilosulous) shorter than ± campanulate throats. Cypselae ± globose, fleshy (blue-black, becoming brown, drupelike). x = 10.[28] [more]

Chrysanthemum

Annual or rarely perennial erect herbs, with fibrous roots. Leaves alternate, oblong or obovate, uppermost sometimes simple and entire, lower mostly 2-3-pinnatisect or 1-2-pinnatifid, with apex 2-3-partite, the margin lobed or dentate towards the semi-amplexicaule base. Capitula radiate, heterogamous, solitary, terminal or 2-5 per branch in lax corymbs, with peduncles often thickened toward apices. Involucre 2-3(-4) -seriate, phyllaries many-nerved, imbricate. Receptacle convex, without scales or paleae. Ray-florets pistillate, with yellow or sometimes white, apically 2-3-fid ligules, fertile. Disc-florets hermaphrodite, tubular, the corolla tube laterally expanded, 5-lobed, lobes with central resin sacs. Cypselas dimorphic and sometimes compressed, thick-walled, those of the ray-florets triquetrous or winged, disc cypselas mostly laterally flattened, narrowly winged adaxially, or cylindrical, 10-ribbed or angular, all epappose.[29] [more]

Chusquea

Chusquea is a of bamboo with about 120 species. Most of them are mountain clumping bamboos native from southern Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina. They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unlike most other bamboos, the stems of these species are solid, not hollow. [more]

Cinnamomum

Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Bark gray [or brown], furrowed [or smooth]; bark and leaves often aromatic. Leaves alternate, infrequently opposite. Leaf blade with (1-) 3 primary veins [or infrequently pinnately veined], papery to leathery; surfaces glabrous or variously pubescent; domatia frequently present. Inflorescences appearing when mature leaves are present, axillary, panicles. Flowers bisexual; tepals deciduous or persistent, white, green, or yellow, equal; stamens 9, anthers 4-locular, 4-valved (rarely with anthers of inner 3 stamens 2-locular), extrorse; staminodes 3, apex sagittate or cordate; ovary ovoid-ellipsoid. Drupe bluish black, nearly globose, seated in small cupule with entire single rim or tepals persistent.[30] [more]

Citrus

Evergreen, small trees or shrubs, often spiny. Leaves simple, alternate, glandular punctate, petiole winged or margined. Flowers perfect or staminate, solitary or clustered in axillary racemes. Calyx 4-5-lobed, glabrous or pubescent. Petals (4-) 5(-8). Stamens 4-10 times the petals, polyadelphous. Ovary 10-14-locular, ovules biseriate or collateral. Fruit a fleshy hesperidium, globose to mamillate-oblong to oblate, rind tight or loose, with oil glands. Seeds embedded in pulpy vesicles.[31] [more]

Claytonia

Herbs, usually annual or perennial, occasionally biennial in Claytonia rubra. Roots branched, capillary or fibrous. Stems: subterranean stems tubers, rhizomes, or woody caudices, sometimes with multiple forms on single individuals (e.g., C. umbellata and C. tuberosa) ; aerial stems erect or decumbent; nodes glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline, not articulate at base, somewhat to markedly clasping, attachment points linear; basal leaves few to several in rosettes, blade linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, trullate, rhomboid, ovate, or deltate, apex obtuse to apiculate; cauline leaves 2 and opposite, rarely 3 and whorled, distinct or partially or completely connate, or perfoliate, blade linear to ovate. Inflorescences terminal, racemose or umbellate, secund, bracteate; bracts leaflike or membranous and scalelike. Flowers showy; sepals persistent, leaflike, unequal; petals 5; stamens 5, adnate to petal bases; ovary globose, ovules 3 or 6; style 1; stigmas 3. Capsules 3-valved, longitudinally dehiscent from apex, valves not deciduous, margins hygroscopic, involute. Seeds (1-) 3-6, black, rounded, shiny and smooth to tuberculate, with white elaiosome; seeds dispersed ballistically and by ants. x = 5, 6, 7, 8.[32] [more]

Collomia

Collomia is a of flowering plants in the family Polemoniaceae. [more]

Colutea

Colutea is a of about 25 species of deciduous flowering shrubs from 2-5 m tall, native to southern Europe, north Africa and southwest Asia. The leaves are pinnate and light green to glaucous grey-green. The flowers are yellow to orange pea shaped and produced in racemes throughout the summer. These are followed by the attractive inflated seed pods which change from pale green to red or copper in color. [more]

Commelina

Herbs, perennial or annual. Roots thin or tuberous. Leaves 2-ranked or spirally arranged, not glaucous; blade sessile or petiolate. Inflorescences terminal, leaf-opposed; cymes 1--2, enclosed in spathes, proximal cyme several-flowered, distal cyme vestigial or with 1--several staminate flowers; spathes often filled with mucilaginous liquid, margins distinct or basally connate; bracteoles usually absent. Flowers bisexual and staminate, bilaterally symmetric; pedicels well developed; sepals distinct or proximal 2 connate, unequal; petals distinct, proximal petal often different color than distal 2, smaller or subequal, distal 2 blue (occasionally lilac, lavender, yellow, peach, apricot, or white), clawed; stamens (5--) 6, proximal 3 fertile, medial different in form, size from others, distal (2--) 3 staminodial; filaments glabrous; antherodes commonly 4--6-lobed; ovary 2--3-locular, ovules 1--2 per locule, 1-seriate. Capsules 2--3-valved, 2--3-locular. Seeds 1--2 per locule; hilum linear; embryotega lateral. x = 11--15.[33] [more]

Conophytum

[more]

Cornus

Shrubs, trees, or herblike shrubs, precocious, coetaneous, or serotinous. Young shoots pubescent, rarely glabrous; trichomes curly or straight, raised or appressed. Stem sympodial, rarely monopodial. Winter buds terminal or axillary, mixed or separate, covered or exposed. Petiole slightly furrowed adaxially; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblong, or ovate, glabrous to densely pubescent, lateral veins actinodromous, often raised abaxially. Inflorescence formed in previous or current year; bracts covering inflorescence or not. Sepals 4, fused; teeth absent, minute, or variously triangular. Petals 4, free, spreading, oblong to orbicular, valvate. Filaments filiform or awn-shaped, longer than style, longer or shorter than petals; anthers whitish or yellow, rarely blue, red, or purplish, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid or oblong, 2-loculed. Ovary obovoid, crowned by a disk. Fruit globose, ovoid, oblong, or ellipsoid, crowned by persistent calyx, disk, and style; stones globose, ovoid, ellipsoid, oblong, sometimes asymmetric, surface smooth or ribbed, apex rarely pitted.[34] [more]

Cortaderia

Cortaderia is a of 20-25 species of grasses, native to South America (15-20 species), New Zealand (four species) and New Guinea (one species). [more]

Crassula

Crinum

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs with elongate columnar apices. Leaves basal, thick; blade lorate or ensiform, not narrowed near base. Scape solid. Inflorescences umbellate, few- to many-flowered, subtended by 2 large, lanceolate, scarious bracts. Flowers sessile or pedicellate; perianth connate proximally, red to white, often striped, streaked, or overlaid with red abaxially, funnelform to salverform to semicampanulate, tube straight to curved, ca. same length as limb lobes; stamens inserted on perianth tube throat; filaments thin, often declinate; ovary inferior, globose; style slender; stigma capitate. Fruits capsular, globose or subglobose, usually prominently beaked. Seeds fleshy, testa often corky.[35] [more]

Cryptomeria

Trees evergreen, monoecious; trunk straight; bark reddish brown to dark gray, fibrous, peeling off into long shreds; crown pyramidal or ovoid; branches ± whorled, horizontal or erect-spreading; winter buds small. Leaves persisting 4 or 5 years, spirally 5-ranked, spreading or directed forward, subulate, straight or incurved at apex, adaxial and abaxial surfaces convex, lateral surfaces slightly flattened, keeled, stomatal bands present on all 4 surfaces, base decurrent, apex acute. Pollen cones axillary toward apex of 2nd year branchlets, usually crowded into a short, terminal, sessile, oblong raceme, plum red turning yellow when mature; microsporophylls many, spirally arranged; pollen sacs (3 or) 4 or 5(or 6). Seed cones terminal, solitary or occasionally aggregated, nodding, sessile, ± globose, rosettelike and resembling opening buds, ripening in 1st year, persisting 1-2 years longer with branchlet growth often temporarily continuing through cone; bracts and cone scales connate; bracts borne on middle or proximal middle part of abaxial surface of cone scales, triangular, small; ovules 2-5 per bract axil; cone scales persistent, shield-shaped, cuneate, thickened distally, woody, umbo with a central spine and 4 or 5(-7) toothlike projections on distal margin; apical scales small and sterile. Seeds irregularly compressed-ellipsoid or -triangular-ellipsoid, very narrowly winged. Cotyledons (2 or) 3(or 4). Germination epigeal. 2n = 22*.[36] [more]

Cydonia

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous. Branches unarmed; buds small, pubescent, with few scales. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate, venation camptodromous, margin entire. Flowers solitary at apices of leafy branchlets. Sepals 5, margin entire, reflexed. Petals 5, white or pinkish, obovate. Stamens 20. Ovary inferior, 5-loculed, with numerous ovules per locule; styles 5, free, pubescent basally. Fruit a many seeded pome, with persistent, recurved sepals.[37] [more]

Cyrtanthus

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Dentaria

Cardamine (, Bittercress or Bitter-cress), is a large genus in the family Brassicaceae. It contains more than 150 species of annuals and perennials. The genus grows worldwide in diverse habitats, except in the Antarctic. Genus Dentaria is a synonym for Cardamine. [more]

Dianella

Herbs, perennial, evergreen, scapose, mat-forming, from stout, creeping, scaly rhizomes with fibrous, tuberous roots. Leaves basal, radical, distichous, crowded, sheathing, firm to subcoriaceous; blade linear to broadly ensiform, basal sheaths connate into short tubes, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse. Scape elongate, 0.5-1 m. Inflorescences paniculate, loosely branching with short, terminal racemes, bracteate; bracts small. Flowers nodding to ascending; tepals 6, persistent, withering, distinct, subequal, narrowly oblong to ovate, 3-7-veined; stamens 6, distinct; filaments barely adnate to tepal bases, thickened distally; anthers basifixed, dehiscence extrorse, opening by terminal pores that become longitudinal slits; ovary superior, 3-locular, septal nectaries present; style filiform; stigma minute, capitate; pedicel slender, articulate distally. Fruits rather long-persistent, baccate, blue to bluish purple, ovoid-globose. Seeds black, lustrous, ovate, somewhat flattened. x = 8.[38] [more]

Digitalis

Herbs, rarely basally woody. Stems simple or branched at base. Leaves alternate, large, often crowded below, margin entire or toothed. Flowers in terminal, often secund racemes. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes imbricate. Corolla oblique, tubular-campanulate, often constricted beyond ovary, somewhat ventricose; limb slightly 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe longer than lateral lobes; upper lip lobes much reduced, emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; anthers touching in pairs, locules divaricate, apically confluent. Style 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid, septicidal. Seeds numerous, oblong to subovoid, small, ribbed; seed coat scrobiculate-reticulate.[39] [more]

Discaria

Discaria is a genus of about 12 species of in the family Rhamnaceae, native to temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere, in Australia, New Zealand and South America. [more]

Draba

Herbs perennial, rarely annual, biennial (or subshrubs with woody stems). Trichomes simple, forked, stellate, malpighiaceous, or dendritic, stalked or sessile, often more than 1 kind present. Stems erect or ascending, sometimes prostrate, leafy or leafless and plants scapose. Basal leaves petiolate, often rosulate, simple, entire or toothed, rarely lobed. Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, cuneate or auriculate at base, entire or dentate, sometimes absent. Racemes bracteate or ebracteate, elongated or not in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, erect, ascending, or divaricate. Sepals ovate, oblong, or elliptic, base of lateral pair not saccate or subsaccate, margin usually membranous. Petals yellow, white, pink, purple, orange (or rarely red) ; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, oblanceolate, orbicular, or linear, apex obtuse, rounded, or rarely emarginate; claw obscurely to strongly differentiated from blade. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments dilated or not at base; anthers ovate or oblong, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands 1, 2, or 4, distinct or confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands present or absent; lateral glands toothlike, semiannular, or annular. Ovules 4 to numerous per ovary. Fruit dehiscent, silicles or rarely siliques, ovate, elliptic, oblong, orbicular, ovoid, globose, lanceolate, or linear, latiseptate or terete, sometimes spirally twisted; valves distinctly or obscurely veined, glabrous or pubescent; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, translucent; style distinct or obsolete, glabrous; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds biseriate, wingless (or rarely winged), oblong, ovate, or orbicular, flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[40] [more]

Drosera

Herbs perennial or annual, with rhizomes, fibrous roots, or tubers with a vertical stolon below ground. Stem very short, long and erect, or climbing. Leaves basal and rosulate, or alternate, petiolate, with glandular, papillose hairs. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic. Sepals (4 or) 5(or 6-12), free or connate at base, persistent. Petals 5, free, closing and contorted after anthesis, persistent. Stamens as many as petals. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, 2-5-carpellate; placentation parietal; styles (2 or) 3-5(or 6), free or connate at base, persistent. Capsule dehiscent, 2-6-valved. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid or linear, sometimes winged.[41] [more]

Echinops

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Echinopsis

Echinopsis is a large of cacti native to South America, sometimes known as hedgehog cacti, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. One small species, E. chamaecereus, is known as the peanut cactus. The 128 species range from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines. [more]

Elaeagnus

Shrubs, sometimes climbing, or small trees, deciduous or evergreen, sometimes spiny. Leaves alternate, petiolate, blade margin usually entire. Flowers bisexual, clustered on short axillary shoots, sometimes solitary. Calyx tubular, 4-lobed, constricted above ovary and breaking at constriction as fruit develops; lobes usually spreading, deciduous, white or yellow inside. Stamens 4, inserted in mouth of calyx tube, alternate with lobes. Style linear, not exserted. Drupe globose or ellipsoid, rarely longitudinally winged (E. mollis) ; stone usually 8-ribbed, with a large straight embryo.[42] [more]

Eremurus

Herbs perennial, with vertical, short, stout rhizome, surrounded at neck by leaf bases and sometimes also fibers from old, disintegrated leaf bases. Roots numerous, long, thickened, fleshy. Leaves several, all basal, tufted, linear. Scape simple, erect, exceeding leaves, with sterile bracts distally and a terminal raceme. Raceme usually densely many flowered, usually elongate in fruit; bracts membranous, margin often minutely serrulate, fimbriate, or ciliate, apex often long filiform acuminate. Flowers bisexual, 1 per bract axil, pedicellate; pedicel articulate or not. Perianth campanulate, tubular, or cupular; segments 6, free or connate at base, with 1, 3, or 5 veins. Stamens 6, often exserted; filaments filiform or dilated toward base; anthers dorsifixed near base, base with 2 lobes to 0.5 mm. Ovary 3-loculed; seeds several per locule. Style filiform, long, often conspicuously persistent in fruit; stigma very small. Fruit a capsule, globose or subglobose, loculicidal. Seeds irregularly 3-angled, sometimes winged along angles.[43] [more]

Eriobotrya

Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Leaves simple; stipulate, usually petiolate, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous, margin serrate or entire. Inflorescences terminal panicles, numerous flowered. Hypanthium cupular or obconical. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, white or yellow, obovate or orbicular, base clawed. Stamens 20. Ovary inferior, 2 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2 5, connate at base and often pubescent. Fruit a pome with persistent incurved sepals, fleshy or dry, endocarp (core) membranous, with 1 or 2 large seeds.[44] [more]

Eriogonum

Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, sometimes nearly arborescent, perennial, biennial, or annual, polycarpic or, rarely, monocarpic (subg. Pterogonum), synoecious (sometimes polygamodioecious in subg. Micrantha and Oligogonum, rarely dioecious in subg. Oligogonum) ; taproot slender to stout, solid, or rarely chambered (subg. Pterogonum). Stems prostrate or decumbent to erect, infrequently absent, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glandular; caudex stems absent or woody, tightly compact to spreading and at or just below surface, or spreading to erect and above surface; aerial flowering stems arising at nodes of caudex branches, at distal nodes of aerial branches, or directly from the root, prostrate or decumbent to erect, slender to stout, solid or slightly to distinctly hollow and fistulose, rarely disarticulating into ringlike segments (subg. Clastomyelon). Leaves usually persistent through anthesis, occasionally persistent through growing season or longer, sometimes marcescent or quickly deciduous, basal and sometimes sheathing up stems, cauline, or basal and cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, 1 per node or fasciculate; petiole usually present, sometimes obscure; blade linear to orbiculate, entire apically. Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary, cymose and dichotomously or trichotomously branched, or racemose, simple or compound-umbellate, subcapitate, or capitate, occasionally distally uniparous due to suppression of secondary branches; branches mostly dichotomous except for initial trichotomous node, not brittle or disarticulating into segments, round and smooth, rarely grooved, angled or ridged, variously lanate, tomentose, floccose, sericeous, hispid, pilose-pubescent, or puberulent, occasionally glandular, rarely scabrellous; bracts 2-13 or more at proximal nodes, usually 3 distally, connate proximally, leaflike, semileaflike, or scalelike, not awn-tipped, glabrous or variously pubescent or glandular. Peduncles absent or erect to deflexed. Involucres 1-8 or more per cluster, smooth or ribbed, tubular, cylindric or narrowly turbinate to broadly campanulate or hemispheric; teeth 5-10, sometimes lobelike, not awned. Flowers bisexual or, infrequently, unisexual, (2-) 6-100 per involucre at any single time during full anthesis, sometimes with stipelike base; perianth usually white to red or variously yellow, broadly campanulate when open, cylindric to urceolate when closed, glabrous or pubescent or glandular abaxially; tepals 6, connate proximally to 2 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic, usually entire apically, rarely emarginate; stamens 9; filaments adnate basally, glabrous or pubescent; anthers usually red to cream or yellow, oblong to ellipsoid or oval. Achenes included to exserted, various shades of brown, black, or occasionally yellow, rarely winged or ridged (subg. Pterogonum), lenticular or 3-gonous, glabrous or pubescent. Seeds: embryo curved or straight. x = 10.[45] [more]

Erodium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves lobed or pinnatisect, longer than broad, stipulate. Flowers in cincinnal umbels, rarely solitary or 2. Involucral bracts 2 or more, united or free. Sepals and petals Fertile stamens 5, alternating with 5 staminodes. Ovary 5-lobed, long beaked in fruit. Beak plumose or bristly within on dehiscence. The stylar axis usually spirally twisted below. Mericarps with 2 apical pits.[46] [more]

Eucalyptus

Trees or shrubs. Bark smooth, fibrous, stringy, or tessellated. Leaves usually polymorphic with different juvenile and mature forms and sometimes with intermediate forms. Juvenile leaves opposite, 3 to several pairs, shortly petiolate or sessile; leaf blade often glaucous or with glandular trichomes; juvenile foliage sometimes persisting throughout life of plant. Mature leaves alternate, petiolate; leaf blade usually leathery, secondary veins numerous, with intramarginal veins. Inflorescences axillary or clustered into terminal or axillary panicles, consisting of umbelliform condensed dichasia. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium campanulate, obconic, or semiglobose, stipitate or not, apex usually truncate. Sepals rarely distinct. Petals connate, either adnate to sepals into a 1-layered calyptra or not adnate and then with connate sepals forming a 2-layered calyptra; calyptra deciduous at anthesis. Stamens numerous, usually distinct, in several whorls with outer whorl usually sterile; anthers 2-celled, parallel or oblique, elliptic, ovate, cordate, or bifurcate, dehiscing longitudinally or occasionally poricidally. Ovary adnate to hypanthium, 2-7-loculed; ovules numerous. Style persistent. Whole or most of capsule included in expanded hypanthium; disk often well developed; valves exserted from hypanthium, equaling hypanthium rim, or included in hypanthium. Seeds numerous, many sterile and undeveloped, developed seeds ovate or angular; testa rigid, sometimes developed into wings.[47] [more]

Euonymus

Trees or shrubs, the latter sometimes scandent. Leaves oppsite; stipules caducous. Flowers bisexual, 4-5-merous. Calyx flat or recurved. Disc broad, fleshy, 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, rounded, spreading, often with coloured veins. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the disc. Ovary sunken in the disc; style short. Fruit a capsule, 3-5-lobed, angled or winged, rarely echinate, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 1-3 in each cell, enclosed in a fleshy aril.[48] [more]

Exacum

Annuals. Stems branched, glabrous. Leaves opposite. Cymes axillary or terminal, paniculate. Flowers 4- or 5-merous. Calyx lobed nearly to base. Corolla rotate, lobes longer than tube. Stamens inserted at throat of corolla tube just below sinus between corolla lobes; anthers cylindric, 2-locular, dehiscing by apical pores. Ovary 2-locular. Capsules 2-valved, many seeded. Seed coat warty.[49] [more]

Farsetia

Farsetia is a genus of in the Brassicaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Ficus

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Fraxinus

Trees or rarely shrubs, deciduous or rarely evergreen. Leaves odd-pinnate, opposite or rarely whorled at branch apices; petiole and petiolule often basally thickened. Inflorescences terminal or axillary toward end of branches, or lateral on branches of previous year, paniculate; bracts linear to lanceolate, caducous or absent. Flowers small, unisexual, bisexual, or polygamous. Calyx 4-toothed or irregularly lobed, sometimes absent. Corolla white to yellowish, 4-lobed, divided to base or absent. Stamens 2, inserted at base of corolla lobes; filaments short, exserted at anthesis. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Style short; stigma ± 2-cleft. Fruit a samara with apically elongated wing. Seeds usually 1, ovate-oblong; endosperm fleshy; radicle erect.[50] [more]

Frerea

[more]

Fuchsia

Fuchsia is a of flowering plants, mostly shrubs, and can grow long shoots, which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late-17th century, and named by Plumier in 1703 after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566). The English name fuchsias is frequently misspelled "fuschias". [more]

Gasteria

Gasteria is a of succulent plants native to South Africa. Closely-related genera include Aloe and Haworthia. The genus is named for its stomach-shaped flowers and is part of an expanded Asphodelaceae family. [more]

Gaultheria

Shrubs evergreen. Stems erect, creeping, or procumbent. Leaves spirally arranged, petiolate; leaf blade serrate or rarely entire. Flower usually 5-merous, sometimes 4-merous, in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles, or solitary; bracteoles variable in position. Calyx deeply divided. Corolla usually white, urceolate, campanulate, or tubular, shallowly lobed. Stamens included; filaments flattened, usually dilated towards base; anthers oblong, dehiscing by terminal pores, with 24 awns or minute projections. Ovary superior or semi-inferior, with many ovules per locule. Stigma truncate. Calyx at fruiting accrescent, fleshy; capsule dehiscing loculicidally or sometimes irregularly [fruit a berry]. Seeds small, unwinged.[51] [more]

Gentianella

Herbs annual, biennial [or perennial]. Leaves opposite [or whorled]. Flowers terminal, solitary or in cymes, 4 or 5-merous. Calyx without intracalycular membrane. Corolla tubular or funnelform, either without appendages or with a vascularized fringed scale across base of each lobe, plicae absent. Nectaries at base of corolla tube. Stamens inserted on corolla tube. Capsules 2-valved, many seeded. Seeds smooth to warty.[52] [more]

Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate, variously divided. Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands. Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate, separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.[53] [more]

Gladiolus

Herbs, perennial, from corms. Stems simple or branched. Leaves 1-9; blade lanceolate to linear, plane or margins and/or midribs variously raised and thickened (then H- or X-shaped in cross section), or evidently terete, midribs and margins much thickened, grooved; grooves 4, narrow, longitudinal. Inflorescences spicate, partly to fully secund or with flowers weakly distichous; bracts green, sometimes flushed grayish