Overview
A phylum within the plant kingdom comprising plants with a vascular system that bear flowers during at least some stage of their life cycle. The phylum is further subdivided into dicotyledons and monocotyledons. The Magnoliopsida is the largest phylum of land plants, represented by over 250 000 species world-wide. Syn. Angiospermophyta.
Taxonomy
The Class Magnoliopsida is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subclass (11): Asteridae · Caryophyllidae · Cornidae · Dilleniidae · Hamamelididae · Lamiidae · Magnoliidae · Nelumbonidae · Nymphaeidae · Ranunculidae · Rosidae
- Order (176): Actinidiales · Adoxales · Ancistrocladales · Anisophylleales · Annonales · Apiales · Apocynales · Araliales · Aralidiales · Aristolochiales · Asterales · Aucubales · Austrobaileyales · Balanopales · Balanophorales · Balsaminales · Barbeyales · Batales · Begoniales · Berberidales · Bieberst einiales · Boraginales · Brexiales · Bruniales · Burserales · Buxales · Byblidales · Callitrichales · Calycanthales · Calycerales · Campanulales · Canellales · Capparales · Cardiopteridales · Caricales · Caryophyllales · Casuarinales · Celastrales · Cephalotales · Ceratophyllales · Cercidiphyllales · Chloranthales · Chrysobalanales · Circaeasterales · Cistales · Connarales · Convolvulales · Coriariales · Cornales · Corylales · Corynocarpales · Crossosomatales · Cucurbitales · Cunoniales · Cynomoriales · Daphniphyllales · Desfontainiales · Diapensiales · Didymelales · Dilleniales · Dioncophyllales · Dipsacales · Droserales · Elaeagnales · Elaeocarpales · Elatinales · Ericales · Eucommiales · Euphorbiales · Eupomatiales · Eupteleales · Fabales · Fagales · Fouquieriales · Francoales · Garryales · Geissolomatales · Gentianales · Geraniales · Glaucidiales · Goodeniales · Greyiales · Griseliniales · Gunnerales · Gyrostemonales · Haloragales · Hamamelidales · Helwingiales · Hippuridales · Hydnorales · Hydrangeales · Hydrastidales · Hydropeltidales · Hydrostachyales · Hypericales · Icacinales · Illiciales · Juglandales · Lactoridales · Lamiales · Lardizabalales · Laurales · Lecythidales · Leitneriales · Limnanthales · Linales · Loasales · Magnoliales · Malvales · Medusagynales · Medusandrales · Menispermales · Menyanthales · Metteniusales · Moringales · Myricales · Myristicales · Myrothamnales · Myrsinales · Myrtales · Nelumbonales · Nepenthales · Nymphaeales · Ochnales · Oleales · Oxalidales &middo t; Paeoniales · Papaverales · Paracryphiales · Parnassiales · Passiflorales · Physenales · Piperales · Pittosporales · Plumbaginales · Podostemales · Polemoniales · Polygalales · Polygonales · Primulales · Proteales · Rafflesiales · Ranunculales · Rhamnales · Rhizophorales · Rhoipteleales · Roridulales &mid dot; Rosales · Rubiales · Rutales · Sabiales · Salicales · Salvadorales · Santalales · Sapindales · Sapotales · Sarraceniales · Saxifragales · Scrophulariales · Simmondsiales · Solanales · Stylidiales · Styracales · Tamaricales · Theales · Thymelaeales · Toricelliales · Trochodendrales · Tropaeo lales · Urticales · Viburnales · Violales · Vitales · Vochysiales · Winterales · Zygophyllales
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 723,871 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Class Magnoliopsida.
Orders
Actinidiales
Adoxales
Ancistrocladales
Anisophylleales
Annonales
Apiales
The Apiales are an order of . The families given at right are typical of newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided. These families are placed within the asterid group of eudicots as circumscribed by the APG II system. [more]
Apocynales
Araliales
Aralidiales
Aristolochiales
Aristolochiales is an of flowering plants. It is not recognised in the APG or APG II systems, in which it is considered a synonym of Piperales. It also is not recognized in the Thorne system. [more]
Asterales
The Asterales are an of dicotyledonous flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae (sunflowers, daisies, thistles etc.) and its related families. [more]
Aucubales
Austrobaileyales
Balanopales
Balanophorales
Balsaminales
Barbeyales
Batales
Batales is a of an order of flowering plants. This name was used in several systems, sometimes in the spelling Batidales. Often this order consisted of the genus Batis only. In the 1981 version of the Cronquist system it was an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae with the following circumscription: [more]
Begoniales
Berberidales
Biebersteiniales
Boraginales
Boraginales is a valid taxonomic name at the rank of order for a group of . When recognised, it is includes Boraginaceae and closely related asterid families. [more]
Brexiales
Bruniales
Burserales
Buxales
Buxales is a at the rank of order. [more]
Byblidales
Callitrichales
Callitrichales Dumort (1829) is an of flowering plants. As circumscribed by American botanist Arthur Cronquist in the Cronquist system (1981), the order included three families: [more]
Calycanthales
Calycerales
The Calycerales is a valid for an order of flowering plants. When accepted, it included the Acicarpha and the Calycera. These are now placed in the Asterales, and Calycerales treated as a synonym of Asterales. [more]
Campanulales
Campanulales is a valid for a plant order. It was used in the Cronquist system as an order within the subclass Asteridae in the class Magnoliopsida flowering plants. As then circumscribedit included families: [more]
Canellales
Canellales is the for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is defined to contain two families: Canellaceae and Winteraceae, which comprise 136 species of fragrant trees and shrubs. The Canellaceae are found in tropical America and Africa, and the Winteraceae are part of the Antarctic flora (found in diverse parts of the southern hemisphere). Although the order was defined based on phylogenetic studies, a number of possible synapomorphies have been suggested, relating to the pollen tube, the seeds, the thickness of the integument, and other aspects of the morphology. [more]
Capparales
Capparales is a of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae and in the Kubitzki system, nowadays. In the 1981 version of this system it included : [more]
Cardiopteridales
Caricales
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales is an of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and most carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. [more]
Casuarinales
Casuarinaceae is a of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of 3 or 4 genera and approximately 70 species of trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics (Indo-Malaysia), Australia, and the Pacific islands. At one time, all of the species were placed in the genus Casuarina, but these are now split among Allocasuarina, Casuarina, Ceuthostoma, and Gymnostoma. In the Wettstein system, this family was the only one placed in the order Verticillatae. Likewise, in the Engler, Cronquist and Kubitzki systems, Casuarinaceae was the only family placed in the order Casuarinales. [more]
Celastrales
Celastrales is an of flowering plants. They are found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. There are about 1200 to 1350 species in about 100 genera. All but 7 of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae. Until recently, the composition of the order and its division into families varied greatly from one author to another. [more]
Cephalotales
Ceratophyllales
Ceratophyllum is a of flowering plants, commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. They are usually called hornworts, although this name is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta. [more]
Cercidiphyllales
Chloranthales
Chloranthaceae is the of a family of flowering plants. The family consists of four genera, totalling several dozen species, of herbaceous or woody plants primarily occurring in the tropics and sub-tropics. Members of this family are aromatic and have opposite leaves with distinctive serrate margins and interpetiolar stipules (similar to the stipules found in family Rubiaceae). The flowers are inconspicuous, and arranged in inflorescences. Petals are absent in this family, and sometimes so are sepals. The flowers can be either hermaphrodite or of separate sexes. The fruit is drupe-like, consisting of one carpel. [more]
Chrysobalanales
Circaeasterales
Cistales
Connarales
Convolvulales
Coriariales
Cornales
Cornales is an order of , basal among the asterids, which are part of the core eudicots. There are about 600 species of cornales. Cornales are flowering plants whose flowers are in groups of four, in which the petals are not joined with each other. Under the APG system, it includes the following families: [more]
Corylales
Corynocarpales
Crossosomatales
The Crossosomatales are an order, newly recognized by the , of flowering plants, included within the Rosids, which are part of the eudicots. The following three families are placed here: [more]
Cucurbitales
The Cucurbitales are an order of , included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropic and temperate regions. The order includes various shrubs and trees, together with many herbs and climbers. One of major characteristics of the Cucurbitales is the presence of unisexual flowers, mostly pentacyclic, with thick pointed petals (whenever present) (Matthews and Endress, 2004). The pollination is usually performed by insects, but wind pollination is also present (in Coriariaceae and Datiscaceae). [more]
Cunoniales
Cynomoriales
Daphniphyllales
The Daphiphllales is a valid for an order of the Magnoliopsida class. When accepted, it had only one family, Daphniphyllaceae. With regards to phylogenetic classification, this order is no longer pertinent, and the Daphniphyllaceae are part of the order of the Saxifragales. [more]
Desfontainiales
Diapensiales
Diapensiaceae is a small family of , comprising 20 species in seven genera. [more]
Didymelales
Dilleniales
Dilleniales is the of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system, of 1981, recognized such order and placed it in subclass Dilleniidae. It used the following circumscription: [more]
Dioncophyllales
Dipsacales
The Dipsacales are an of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. [more]
Droserales
Elaeagnales
Elaeocarpales
Elatinales
Ericales
The Ericales are a large and diverse order of , including for example tea, persimmon, blueberry, Brazil nut, and azalea. The order includes trees and bushes, lianas and herbaceous plants. Together with ordinary autophytic plants, the Ericales include chlorophyll-deficient myco-heterotrophic plants (e. g. Sarcodes sanguinea) and carnivorous plants (e. g. genus Sarracenia). [more]
Eucommiales
Eucommiales is a for an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in the Cronquist system, placed in the subclass Hamamelidae [sic], as consisting of a single species: Eucommia ulmoides. [more]
Euphorbiales
Euphorbiales is the of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists. [more]
Eupomatiales
Eupteleales
Fabales
Fabales is an of flowering plants. It is included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae), Quillajaceae, Polygalaceae or milkworts (including the families Diclidantheraceae, Moutabeaceae, and Xanthophyllaceae), and Surianaceae. Under the Cronquist system and some other plant classification systems, the order Fabales contains only the family Fabaceae. The other families treated in the Fabales by the APG II classification were placed in separate orders by Cronquist, the Polygalaceae within its own order, the Polygalales, and the Quillajaceae and Surianaceae within the Rosales. [more]
Fagales
The Fagales are an of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families currently included are as follows: [more]
Fouquieriales
Francoales
Garryales
The Garryales are a small of dicotyledons, including only two families and three genera: [more]
Geissolomatales
Gentianales
Gentianales are an order of , included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. [more]
Geraniales
The Geraniales are a small order of , included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is the Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes some small families, contributing together another less than 40 species. Most Geraniales are herbaceous, but there are also shrubs and small trees. [more]
Glaucidiales
Goodeniales
Greyiales
Griseliniales
Gunnerales
Gunnerales is an order of . In the APG II system (2003) it contains two genera: Gunnera and Myrothamnus. These may both be assigned to the same family (Gunneraceae) or to two separate families (Gunneraceae and Myrothamnaceae, respectively). In the Cronquist system (1981) Gunneraceae was placed in the Haloragales and Myrothamnaceae in the Hamamelidales. [more]
Gyrostemonales
Haloragales
Haloragales is a botanical name for an of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system of classification, of 1981, it was placed in subclass Rosidae and had this circumscription: [more]
Hamamelidales
Hamamelidales is the of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system (1981) included the order in subclass Hamamelidae with the circumscription: [more]
Helwingiales
Hippuridales
Hydnorales
Hydrangeales
Hydrastidales
Hydropeltidales
Hydrostachyales
Hypericales
Icacinales
Illiciales
Illiciales is the of an order of flowering plants. The order is not recognized by all plant taxonomists and is comprised differently in various systems of plant taxonomy, but is composed of 2-4 families of shrubs, trees, and lianas native to Australasia, south eastern Asia, and the southeastern United States. The families all contain species with essential oils, and flowers with a perianth with bracts (when present), sepals, and petals incompletely distinguished from each other and not arranged in definite whorls. [more]
Juglandales
Juglandales is a botanical name for an order of . This order was recognised in several systems (e.g. Engler system and Wettstein system). The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprising the families Juglandaceae and Rhoipteleaceae, the latter consisting of only a single species. [more]
Lactoridales
Lamiales
The Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 10 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary. [more]
Lardizabalales
Laurales
The Laurales are an order of . They are a basal group of dicots, related to, and formerly sometimes included in, the Magnoliales. [more]
Lecythidales
Lecythidales is a at the rank of order. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae. This order included only the family Lecythidaceae, which family now (in the APG II system) is placed in the order Ericales. [more]
Leitneriales
Leitneria floridana (Corkwood), the sole species in the genus Leitneria, is a dioecious shrub or small tree, found only in the southeastern United States states of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Missouri and Texas. [more]
Limnanthales
Linales
Linales is a of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription (1981) : [more]
Loasales
Magnoliales
Magnoliales is an order of . [more]
Malvales
Malvales is the name of an of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. [more]
Medusagynales
Medusandrales
Menispermales
Menyanthales
Metteniusales
Moringales
Myricales
The Fagales are an of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families currently included are as follows: [more]
Myristicales
Myrothamnales
Myrsinales
Myrtales
The Myrtales are an order of placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons (not a member of eurosids Ior eurosids II). The following families are typical of newer classifications: [more]
Nelumbonales
Nelumbo is a of aquatic plants with large, showy, water lily-like flowers commonly known as lotus or sacred lotus. The generic name is derived from the Sinhalese word Nelum. There are two species in the genus, the better known of which, N. nucifera, or "Sacred Lotus," is the well-known national flower of India and Vietnam. [more]
Nepenthales
Nepenthales is a for an order of flowering plants. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae, which in the 1981 version of this system included: [more]
Nymphaeales
Nymphaeales is a at the rank of order. When recognized, it includes water lilies and sometimes other aquatic plants. This order is not part of the APG II system's 2003 plant classification (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which instead has a broadly circumscribed family Nymphaeaceae (including Cabombaceae) unplaced in any order. It is recognized by some systems of plant taxonomy, but others use different placements for the families in this order. In particular some plant systematists using the APG II system now use this order and circumscribe it to include the Nymphaeaceae and Cabombaceae. A 2007 study has found that Hydatellaceae also belongs to this group. [more]
Ochnales
Oleales
Oxalidales
The Oxalidales are an of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The following families are typically placed here: [more]
Paeoniales
Papaverales
Ranunculales is an of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family. [more]
Paracryphiales
Parnassiales
Passiflorales
Physenales
Piperales
Piperales is a for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger. [more]
Pittosporales
Plumbaginales
Plumbaginales is an order of . The order is recognized by several systems, such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964 and the Cronquist system, 1981. Its circumscription is typically: [more]
Podostemales
The Podostemaceae (riverweed family) is a in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 50 genera and 250 species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs. [more]
Polemoniales
The Solanales are an of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order. [more]
Polygalales
The Polygalaceae ( Diclidantheraceae, Moutabeaceae, Xanthophyllaceae) or Milkwort family is a family of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 17 genera and 900–1,000 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one genus, Polygala, the milkworts. [more]
Polygonales
Polygonales was an order of , recognized by several older systems, such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964, and the Cronquist system, 1981. Its circumscription was typically: [more]
Primulales
Primulales is a of an order of flowering plants. This name was used in several systems with little variation in circumscription (see Bentham & Hooker, Engler and Wettstein system). In the 1981 version of the Cronquist system it was an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae with the following circumscription: [more]
Proteales
Rafflesiales
Rafflesiales is a of an order of flowering plants. The name was first published by Oliver in 1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription (1981) : [more]
Ranunculales
Ranunculales is an of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family. [more]
Rhamnales
The Rhamnales are an order of plants. In the Cronquist system, the following families were placed here: [more]
Rhizophorales
Rhizophoraceae is a constituted by tropical or subtropical flowering plants. Among the better known members are mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. There are around 120 species distributed in sixteen genera, most native to the Old World. [more]
Rhoipteleales
Roridulales
Rosales
Rosales is an order of , including nine families, the type family being the rose family Rosaceae. These nine families (see box, right) are those shown by the genetic analysis carried out by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to be related to each other. Their analysis showed that the old Cronquist system order of Urticales belongs within the Rosales. In the APG classification, well-known members of Rosales include: roses; strawberries, blackberries and raspberries; apples and pears; plums, peaches and apricots; almonds; rowan and hawthorn; elms; figs; nettles; and hops and cannabis. Apart from the Rosaceae itself, this is a complete change from the circumscription of the Rosales in the Cronquist system, listed below; these families have been removed to various other orders. The currently accepted family and/or order is shown in brackets: [more]
Rubiales
The Rubiales are an of flowering plants in the Cronquist system, including the families Rubiaceae and Theligonaceae. Newer systems place them within the Gentianales. [more]
Rutales
Sapindales () is a for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; and mahogany. [more]
Sabiales
Sabiaceae is a of flowering plants, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern Asia and the Americas. [more]
Salicales
Salicaceae is a family of . Recent genetic studies by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) has greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 57 genera. [more]
Salvadorales
Santalales
Santalales is an of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. [more]
Sapindales
Sapindales () is a for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; and mahogany. [more]
Sapotales
Sarraceniales
Saxifragales
The Saxifragales are an order of flowering plants. In the APG II classification system, it includes the following families: [more]
Scrophulariales
The Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 10 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary. [more]
Simmondsiales
Solanales
The Solanales are an of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order. [more]
Stylidiales
Styracales
Tamaricales
The Tamaricales are an order of . This order has been abandoned by the most recent systems, and the three families in the order have been distributed to other orders: [more]
Theales
Theales is a at the rank of order. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae, in the 1981 version of the system the circumscription was: [more]
Thymelaeales
Thymelaeaceae is a cosmopolitan of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species. It was established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. [more]
Toricelliales
Trochodendrales
Tropaeolales
Urticales
Urticales is a for what used to be an order of flowering plants. This order was recognized in many, perhaps even most, systems, with some variations in circumscription. Among these is the Cronquist system (1981), which placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae [sic], as comprising : [more]
Viburnales
Violales
Violales is a of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae. The name has been used in several systems, although some systems used the name Parietales for similar groupings. In the 1981 version of the influential Cronquist system, order Violales was placed in subclass Dilleniidae with a circumscription consisting of the families listed below. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system does not recognize order Violales; Violaceae is placed in order Malpighiales and the other families are reassigned to various orders as indicated. [more]
Vitales
Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants including the grape and Virginia creeper. The family name is derived from the genus Vitis. The name sometimes appears as Vitidaceae, but Vitaceae is a conserved name and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, Ampelidaceae. [more]
Vochysiales
Winterales
Canellales is the for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is defined to contain two families: Canellaceae and Winteraceae, which comprise 136 species of fragrant trees and shrubs. The Canellaceae are found in tropical America and Africa, and the Winteraceae are part of the Antarctic flora (found in diverse parts of the southern hemisphere). Although the order was defined based on phylogenetic studies, a number of possible synapomorphies have been suggested, relating to the pollen tube, the seeds, the thickness of the integument, and other aspects of the morphology. [more]
Zygophyllales
The Zygophyllales are an of dicotyledon plants, comprising the following two families: [more]
At least 773 species and subspecies belong to the Order Zygophyllales.
More info about the Order Zygophyllales may be found here.
Sources
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