Overview
A phylum within the plant kingdom comprising plants with a vascular system that bear flowers during at least some stage of their life cycle. The phylum is further subdivided into dicotyledons and monocotyledons. The Magnoliopsida is the largest phylum of land plants, represented by over 250 000 species world-wide. Syn. Angiospermophyta.
Photos
Taxonomy
The Class Magnoliopsida is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subclass (17): Alismatidae · Arecidae · Aridae · Asteridae · Caryophyllidae · Commelinidae · Cornidae · Dilleniidae · Hamamelididae · Lamiidae · Liliidae · Magnoliidae · Nelumbonidae · Nymphaeidae · Ranunculidae · Rosidae · Triurididae
- Order (118): Adoxales · Alismatales · Amborellales · Apiales · Aquifoliales · Araliales · Aralidiales · Arecales · Asparagales · Asterales · Aucubales · Austrobaileyales · Balanophorales · Begoniales · Berberidales · Berberidopsidales · Boraginales · Brassicales · Brexiales · Bruniales · Burserales · Buxales · Callitrichales · Calycanthales · Campanulales · Canellales · Capparales · Caryophyllales · Celastrales · Ceratophyllales · Chloranthales · Circaeasterales · Cistales · Commelinales · Convolvulales · Cornales · Corylales · Crossosomatales · Cucurbitales · Cunoniales · Dasypogonales · Desfontainia les · Didymelales · Dilleniales · Dioscoreales · Dipsacales · Ericales · Fabales · Fagales · Garryales · Gentianales · Geraniales · Glaucidiales · Goodeniales · Greyiales · Gunnerales · Hamamelidales · Hippuridales · Huales · Huerteales · Hydrangeales · Hydrastidales · Hydropeltidales · Hypericales · Icacinales · Illiciales · Lamiales · Lardizabalales · Laurales · Lecythidales · Leitneriales · Liliales · Linales · Magnoliales · Malpighiales · Malvales · Medusagynales · Metteniusales · Myrsinales · Myrtales · Nymphaeales · Ochnales · Oxalidales · Pandanales · Papaverales · Paracryphiales · Parnassiales · Passiflorales · Petrosaviales · Piperales · Poales · Polygalales · Proteales · Rafflesiales · Ranunculales · Rosales · Rubiales · Rutales · Sabiales · Santalales · Sapindales · Saxifragales · Scrophulariales · Solanales · Stylidiales · Styracales · Tamaricales · Theales · Thymelaeales · Toricelliales · Trochodendrales · Urticales · Viburnales · Violales · Vitales · Vochysiales · Zingiberales · Zygophyllales
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1,193,703 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Class Magnoliopsida.
Orders
Adoxales
Alismatales
Alismatales is an order of flowering plants including about 2500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. [more]
Amborellales
Apiales
The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided. [more]
Aquifoliales
Araliales
Cornales is an order of flowering plants, basal among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior gynoecia topped with disc-shaped nectaries. Under the APG system, Cornales includes the following families: [more]
Aralidiales
Arecales
Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is considered taxonomically invalid, or by the common name palm tree), are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the monocot order Arecales. There are roughly 202 currently known genera with around 2600 species, most of which are restricted to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves arranged at the top of an unbranched stem. However, many palms are exceptions to this statement, and palms in fact exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics. As well as being morphologically diverse, palms also inhabit nearly every type of habitat within their range, from rainforests to deserts. [more]
Asparagales
Asparagales is the name of an order of plants, used in modern classification systems such as the APG III system (which is used throughout this article). The order takes its name from the family Asparagaceae and is placed in the monocots. The order has only recently been recognized in classification systems. It was first put forward by Huber in 1977 and later taken up in the Dahlgren system of 1985. Before this, many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales: a very large order containing almost all monocots with colorful tepals and without starch in their endosperm. DNA sequence analysis indicated that Liliales should be divided into at least Liliales, Asparagales and Dioscoreales. The boundaries of the Asparagales and of its families have undergone a series of changes in recent years; future research may lead to further changes and ultimately greater stability. [more]
Asterales
Asterales is an of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the composite family (Asteraceae) and its related families. [more]
Aucubales
Austrobaileyales
Balanophorales
Begoniales
Berberidales
Berberidopsidales
Boraginales
Boraginales is a valid taxonomic name at the rank of order for a group of flowering plants. When recognised, it is includes Boraginaceae and closely related asterid families. [more]
Brassicales
Brexiales
Bruniales
Burserales
Buxales
Buxales is a botanical name at the rank of order. [more]
Callitrichales
Callitrichales Dumort (1829) is an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by American botanist Arthur Cronquist in the Cronquist system (1981), the order included three families: [more]
Calycanthales
Campanulales
Campanulales is a valid botanic name for a plant order. It was used in the Cronquist system as an order within the subclass Asteridae in the class Magnoliopsida flowering plants. As then circumscribedit included families: [more]
Canellales
Canellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is defined to contain two families: Canellaceae and Winteraceae, which comprise 136 species of fragrant trees and shrubs. The Canellaceae are found in tropical America and Africa, and the Winteraceae are part of the Antarctic flora (found in diverse parts of the southern hemisphere). Although the order was defined based on phylogenetic studies, a number of possible synapomorphies have been suggested, relating to the pollen tube, the seeds, the thickness of the integument, and other aspects of the morphology. [more]
Capparales
Capparales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae and in the Kubitzki system, nowadays. In the 1981 version of this system it included : [more]
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. [more]
Celastrales
Celastrales is an order of flowering plants. They are found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. There are about 1200 to 1350 species in about 100 genera. All but 7 of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae. Until recently, the composition of the order and its division into families varied greatly from one author to another. [more]
Ceratophyllales
Ceratophyllum is a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants, commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. They are usually called hornworts, although this name is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta. [more]
Chloranthales
Chloranthaceae () is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family consists of four genera, totalling several dozen species, of herbaceous or woody plants occurring in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Madagascar, Central & South America, and the West Indies. Members of this family are aromatic and have opposite, evergreen leaves with distinctive serrate margins and interpetiolar stipules (similar to the stipules found in family Rubiaceae). The flowers are inconspicuous, and arranged in inflorescences. Petals are absent in this family, and sometimes so are sepals. The flowers can be either hermaphrodite or of separate sexes. The fruit is drupe-like, consisting of one carpel. [more]
Circaeasterales
Cistales
Violales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae. The name has been used in several systems, although some systems used the name Parietales for similar groupings. In the 1981 version of the influential Cronquist system, order Violales was placed in subclass Dilleniidae with a consisting of the families listed below. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system does not recognize order Violales; Violaceae is placed in order Malpighiales and the other families are reassigned to various orders as indicated. [more]
Commelinales
Commelinales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 800 species in about 70 genera; the majority of species are in the Commelinaceae. Plants in the order share a number of synapomorphies that tie them together, such as a lack of mycorrhizal associations and tapetal raphides. Estimates differ as to when the Comminales evolved, but most suggest an origin and diversification sometime during the mid- to late Cretaceous. Depending on the methods used, studies suggest a range of origin between 123 to 73 million years, with diversification occurring within the group 110 to 66 million years ago. The order's closest relatives are in the Zingiberales, which includes ginger, bananas, cardamom, and others. [more]
Convolvulales
Cornales
Cornales is an order of flowering plants, basal among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior gynoecia topped with disc-shaped nectaries. Under the APG system, Cornales includes the following families: [more]
Corylales
Crossosomatales
The Crossosomatales are an order, newly recognized by the AGP II, of flowering plants, included within the Rosids, which are part of the eudicots. The following three families are placed here: [more]
Cucurbitales
The Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropic and temperate regions. The order includes shrubs and trees, together with many herbs and climbers. One of major characteristics of the Cucurbitales is the presence of unisexual flowers, mostly pentacyclic, with thick pointed petals (whenever present) (Matthews and Endress, 2004). The pollination is usually performed by insects, but wind pollination is also present (in Coriariaceae and Datiscaceae). [more]
Cunoniales
Dasypogonales
Desfontainiales
Didymelales
Dilleniales
Dilleniales is an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system, of 1981, recognized such order and placed it in subclass Dilleniidae. It used the following : [more]
Dioscoreales
Dioscoreales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Dioscoreaceae. [more]
Dipsacales
The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. [more]
Ericales
The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons, including for example tea, persimmon, blueberry, Brazil nut, and azalea. The order includes trees and bushes, lianas and herbaceous plants. Together with ordinary autophytic plants, the Ericales include chlorophyll-deficient myco-heterotrophic plants (e. g. Sarcodes sanguinea) and carnivorous plants (e. g. genus Sarracenia). [more]
Fabales
Fabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Faboideae), Quillajaceae, Polygalaceae or milkworts (including the families Diclidantheraceae, Moutabeaceae, and Xanthophyllaceae), and Surianaceae. Under the Cronquist system and some other plant classification systems, the order Fabales contains only the family Fabaceae. The other families treated in the Fabales by the APG II classification were placed in separate orders by Cronquist, the Polygalaceae within its own order, the Polygalales, and the Quillajaceae and Surianaceae within the Rosales. [more]
Fagales
The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as follows: [more]
Garryales
The Garryales are a small order of dicotyledons, including only two families and three genera: [more]
Gentianales
Gentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. [more]
Geraniales
Geraniales are a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes some small families, contributing together another less than 40 species. Most Geraniales are herbaceous, but there are also shrubs and small trees. [more]
Glaucidiales
Goodeniales
Greyiales
Gunnerales
Gunnerales is an order of flowering plants. In the APG III system (2009) it contains two genera: Gunnera and Myrothamnus. These are assigned to two separate families (Gunneraceae and Myrothamnaceae, respectively). In the Cronquist system (1981) Gunneraceae was placed in the Haloragales and Myrothamnaceae in the Hamamelidales. [more]
Hamamelidales
Hamamelidales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system (1981) included the order in subclass Hamamelidae with the : [more]
Hippuridales
Huales
Huerteales
Hydrangeales
Hydrastidales
Hydropeltidales
Hypericales
Icacinales
Icacinaceae is a family of flowering plants. It consists of trees, shrubs, and lianas, primarily of the tropics. [more]
Illiciales
Illiciales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The order is not recognized by all plant taxonomists and is comprised differently in various systems of plant taxonomy, but is composed of 2-4 families of shrubs, trees, and lianas native to Australasia, south eastern Asia, and the southeastern United States. The families all contain species with essential oils, and flowers with a perianth with bracts (when present), sepals, and petals incompletely distinguished from each other and not arranged in definite whorls. [more]
Lamiales
Lamiales is an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 20 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary. [more]
Lardizabalales
Laurales
The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales. [more]
Lecythidales
Lecythidales is a botanical name at the rank of order. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae. This order included only the family Lecythidaceae, which family now (in the APG II system) is placed in the order Ericales. [more]
Leitneriales
Leitneria floridana (Corkwood), the sole species in the genus Leitneria, is a deciduous dioecious shrub or small tree, found only in the southeastern United States states of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Missouri and Texas. [more]
Liliales
Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae, but both the family and the order have had a widely disputed history, with the circumscription varying greatly from one taxonomist to another. Well known plants from the order include Lilium (lily), tulip, the North American wildflower Trillium, and greenbrier. [more]
Linales
Linales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following (1981) : [more]
Magnoliales
Magnoliales is an order of flowering plants. [more]
Malpighiales
Malvales
Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. [more]
Medusagynales
Metteniusales
Myrsinales
Myrtales
The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons (not a member of eurosids I or eurosids II). The following families are typical of newer classifications: [more]
Nymphaeales
Nymphaeales is an order of plants, which consists of water lilies and other aquatic plants. [more]
Ochnales
Oxalidales
The Oxalidales are an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of eudicots. The following families are typically placed here: [more]
Pandanales
Pandanales is an order of flowering plants, with a pantropical distribution. [more]
Papaverales
Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group known as the basal eudicots. It is the most basal clade in this group; in other words, it is sister to the remaining eudicots. [more]
Paracryphiales
Parnassiales
Passiflorales
Petrosaviales
Piperales
Piperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger. [more]
Poales
Poales is a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. [more]
Polygalales
The Polygalaceae (syn. Diclidantheraceae, Moutabeaceae, Xanthophyllaceae) or Milkwort family is made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 17 genera and 900?1,000 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one genus, Polygala, the milkworts. [more]
Proteales
Rafflesiales
Rafflesiales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The name was first published by Oliver in 1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following (1981) : [more]
Ranunculales
Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group known as the basal eudicots. It is the most basal clade in this group; in other words, it is sister to the remaining eudicots. [more]
Rosales
Rosales is an order of flowering plants. It is one of the four orders in the nitrogen-fixing clade of the fabids and is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales. It contains about 7700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprises nine families, the type family being the rose family, Rosaceae. The largest of these families are Rosaceae (90/2500) and Urticaceae (54/2600). Rosales is divided into three clades that have never been assigned a taxonomic rank. The basal clade consists of the family Rosaceae; another clade consists of four families, including Rhamnaceae; and the third clade consists of the four urticalean families. [more]
Rubiales
Rubiales was an order of flowering plants in the Cronquist system, including the families Rubiaceae and Theligonaceae. The latest APG system (2009) does not recognize this order and places the families within Gentianales. [more]
Rutales
Sapindales () is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. [more]
Sabiales
Sabiaceae is a family of flowering plants, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern Asia and the Americas. [more]
Santalales
Santalales is an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. [more]
Sapindales
Sapindales () is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. [more]
Saxifragales
Saxifragales is an order of flowering plants. Their closest relatives are a large eudicot group known as the rosids by the definition of rosids given in the APG II classification system. Some authors define the rosids more widely, including Saxifragales as their most basal group. Saxifragales is one of the eight groups that compose the core eudicots. The others are Gunnerales, Dilleniaceae, rosids, Santalales, Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales, and asterids. [more]
Scrophulariales
Lamiales is an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 20 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary. [more]
Solanales
The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order. [more]
Stylidiales
Styracales
Tamaricales
The Tamaricales are an order of dicotyledons. This order has been abandoned by the most recent systems, and the three families in the order have been distributed to other orders: [more]
Theales
Theales is a botanical name at the rank of order. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae, in the 1981 version of the system the circumscription was: [more]
Thymelaeales
Thymelaeaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species. It was established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. [more]
Toricelliales
Trochodendrales
Urticales
Urticales is a botanical name for what used to be an order of flowering plants. Before molecular phylogenetics became an important part of plant taxonomy, Urticales was recognized in many, perhaps even most, systems of plant classification, with some variations in circumscription. Among these is the Cronquist system (1981), which placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae [sic], as comprising : [more]
Viburnales
Violales
Violales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae. The name has been used in several systems, although some systems used the name Parietales for similar groupings. In the 1981 version of the influential Cronquist system, order Violales was placed in subclass Dilleniidae with a consisting of the families listed below. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system does not recognize order Violales; Violaceae is placed in order Malpighiales and the other families are reassigned to various orders as indicated. [more]
Vitales
Vitaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants including the grapevine and Virginia creeper. The family name is derived from the genus Vitis. The name sometimes appears as Vitidaceae, but Vitaceae is a conserved name and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, Ampelidaceae. [more]
Vochysiales
Zingiberales
Zingiberales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised by the taxonomists, at least for the past few decades. This order includes many familiar plants like ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal and myoga of the Zingiberaceae or ginger family, and bananas and plantains of the Musaceae or banana family, along with arrowroot of the Marantaceae or arrowroot family. [more]
Zygophyllales
The Zygophyllales are an order of dicotyledon plants, comprising the following two families: [more]
At least 823 species and subspecies belong to the Order Zygophyllales.
More info about the Order Zygophyllales may be found here.
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