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Magnoliales

(Order)

Overview

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Magnoliales is an order of flowering plants.

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The Magnoliales includes six families:

APG system

The APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) place this order in the clade magnoliids, circumscribed as follows:

In these systems, published by the APG, the Magnoliales are a basal group, excluded from the eudicots.

Earlier systems

The Cr onquist system (1981) placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:

The Thorne system (1992) placed the order in superorder Magnolianae, subclass Magnoliidae (= dicotyledons), in the class Magnoliopsida (= angiosperms) and used this circumscription (including the plants placed in order Laurales and Piperales by other systems):

The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archychlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:

The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, did not use this name although it had an order with a similar circumscription with the name Polycarpicae. This was placed in the Dialypetalae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. (See also Sympetalae).

From the above it will be clear that the plants included in this order by APG have always been seen as related. They have always been placed in the order Magnoliales (or a predecessor). The difference is that earlier systems have also included other plants, which have been moved to neighbouring orders (in the magnoliids) by APG.

nteraceae

The Thorne system (1992) placed the order in superorder Magnolianae, subclass Magnoliidae (= dicotyledons), in the class Magnoliopsida (= angiosperms) and used this circumscription (including the plants placed in order Laurales and Piperales by other systems):

The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archychlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:

The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, did not use this name although it had an order with a similar circumscription with the name Polycarpicae. This was placed in the Dialypetalae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. (See also Sympetalae).

From the above it will be clear that the plants included in this order by APG have always been seen as related. They have always been placed in the order Magnoliales (or a predecessor). The difference is that earlier systems have also included other plants, which have been moved to neighbouring orders (in the magnoliids) by APG.

References

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  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (4): 399?436. doi:10.1 046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/full/. 
  2. ^ Soltis, P. S.; D. E. Soltis (2004). "The origin and diversification of Angiosperms". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1614?1626. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1614. PMID 21652312. http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/91/10/1614. 

Taxonomy

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The Order Magnoliales is further organized into finer groupings including:

Families

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Annonaceae

Annonaceae, also called the custard apple family is a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs or rarely lianas. With about 2300 to 2500 species and more than 130 genera, it is the largest family in Magnoliales. Only five genera, Annona, Rollinia, Uvaria, Melodorum and Asimina produce edible fruits. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the other species Indomalayan. [more]

Degeneriaceae

Degeneriaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognised by more than a few taxonomists, at least over the past few decades. [more]

Eupomatiaceae

[more]

Himantandraceae

[more]

Magnoliaceae

The Magnoliaceae, or Magnolia Family, is a flowering plant family in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two subfamilies: [more]

Myristicaceae

Myristicaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists; it is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). [more]

At least 1,370 species and subspecies belong to the Family Myristicaceae.

More info about the Family Myristicaceae may be found here.

References

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  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (4): 399?436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/full/. 
  2. ^ Soltis, P. S.; D. E. Soltis (2004). "The origin and diversification of Angiospe rms". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1614?1626. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1614. PMID 21652312. http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/91/10/1614. 

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 13:12:33